ṣai

Cite this page as:	"ṣai". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_B_ṣai (accessed 04 Dec. 2024).
Meaning:	“to be”
Word class:	verb
Language:	TB
Equivalent in TA:	nas-
Lexeme variants:	ṣai; ṣei; ṣeyo; ṣeyä; ṣey
Person:	third
Number:	singular
Tense/Mood:	optative
Root character:	non-a-character
Internal root vowel:	vowel-full
Stem:	imperfect
Valency:	intransitive
Voice:	active

Paradigm

	sg.act	pl.act	du.act	sg.mid	pl.mid	du.mid
1	ṣaim	ṣeyem
2		ṣeycer, ṣeycer-me
3	ṣai, ṣai-c	ṣeyeṃ

Lexeme family

• nes-
  • nes- “to be” gv
    • nes- “to be” gv.prs1/2

      	sg.act	pl.act	du.act
      1	nesau	nesem
      2	nest	nescer
      3	nesäṃ, nesa-ñ, nesaṃ-c, nesäṃ-ne, nesaṃ-me	nesäṃ, nesaṃ-ne	nesteṃ

      • nesalñe “existence” abstr.msg.prs1/2

        	sg
        nom	nesalñe
        acc	nesalñe
        gen	nesalñentse
        perl	nesalyñesa
        all	nesalñeśc

        • nesalñeṣṣe “pertaining to existence” prs1/2

          	sg.m
          nom	nesalñeṣṣe
          acc	nesalñeṣṣe

      • nesamane “being” part.prs1/2

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	nesamane	nesamane	nesamane	nesamane
        acc	nesamane	nesamane	nesamane	nesamane

      • nesalle “having to be” part.prs1/2

        	sg.m
        nom	nesalle
        voc	nesalyu
        acc	nesalye
        gen	nesalyepi

    • nes- “to be” gv.prs

      	sg.act	pl.act	sg.mid	pl.mid
      3	ṣai-ñ, ṣai-ne, ṣai-me, ste, star-ñ, star-c, star-ne, star-me	stare, skente, skentar-ne, stare-me	ste, star-ñ, star-c, star-ne, star-me	stare, skente, skentar-ne, stare-me

    • nes- “to be” gv.impf1/2

      	sg.act
      2	ṣait

    • nes- “to be” gv.impf

      	sg.act	pl.act
      1	ṣaim	ṣeyem
      2		ṣeycer, ṣeycer-me
      3	ṣai, ṣai-c	ṣeyeṃ

    • nes- “to be” gv.subj1
      • nestsi “to be” inf.n.subj1

        	sg
        nom	nestsi
        acc	nestsi
        loc	nestsine
        all	nestsiśc

  • tākā- “to be” gv
    • tākā- “to be” gv.subj5

      	sg.act	pl.act
      1	tākoym, tākau, tākau-c	tākoyem, tākam
      2	tākoyt, tākat	tākoycer, tākacer
      3	tākoy, tākoy-ñ, tākoy-ne, tākoy-me, tākaṃ, tākañ-c, tākaṃ-me	tākoyeṃ, tākoyeṃ-ñ, tākaṃ, tākaṃ-ne, tākaṃ-me

      • atākatte “untrue, unfounded” priv.subj5

        	sg.m
        nom	atākatte
        acc	atākacce

    • tākā- “to be” gv.pret1

      	sg.act	pl.act
      1	takāwa
      2	takāsta, takāsta-ñ	takās, takāso-ñ
      3	tāka, takā-ñ, takā-c, takā-ne, takā-me	takāre, takāre-ñ, takāre-c

      • tatākau “having been” part.pret1

        	sg.m	pl.m
        nom	tatākaṣ, tatākau	tatākaṣ
        acc	tatākaṣ	tatākaṣ

        • tatākar “existence” abstr.m.pret1

          	sg
          nom	tatākar
          acc	tatākar
          loc	tatākarne
          abl	tatākarmeṃ

    • tākā- “to be” gv.imp1

      	sg.act	pl.act
      2	ptāka	ptākas

Occurrences

ṣai

1	IOL Toch 21 a2	a2 /// tse lwāke	ṣai	॥ tumeṃ /// a3
2	IOL Toch 24 a1	; wakice ; yarpo	ṣai	ṅke ; källālya 10-2
3	IOL Toch 47 b2	b2 /// m·m aille	ṣai	t· /// b3 ///
4	IOL Toch 68 b5	b5 /// (śai)ṣṣ(e)ne tsäṅkau	ṣai	te – ///
5	IOL Toch 80 a1	cewne pälsko tāy yaipū	ṣai	30-3 ot ñäś ñäktā
6	IOL Toch 160 a4	/// a4 /// st(a)malle	ṣai	ṣe kwamo postaṃ ///
7	IOL Toch 189 b1	/// b1 /// °r	ṣai	täṅwañña : yetse indrīntasa
8	IOL Toch 207 a5	/// po taryältse ceṃ	ṣai	/// a6 /// k·
9	IOL Toch 212 b7	/// – pūdñäkte mā	ṣai	lkāl·a cau preke –
10	IOL Toch 247 b3	śtwāra praroṃ pañäktemeṃ meṅki	ṣai	• pañäktentse wastsib4mpa sām
11	IOL Toch 248 a3	ot no k(e)a3statse preke	ṣai	• uppalavarṇañ aśiyantse •
12	IOL Toch 248 a4	tāy no trite kauṃ	ṣai	• eśuwacca mäskīträ •
13	IOL Toch 257 a3	ln· /// a3 °meṃ	ṣai	kuse ṣpä pone ñorameṃ
14	IOL Toch 257 a3	kuse ṣpä pone ñorameṃ	ṣai	toy /// a4 °na
15	IOL Toch 257 b3	/// b3 °ne leleku	ṣai	cwī no kuśalamūlänta a°
16	IOL Toch 257 b4	/// b4 laklesa ñeñu(sku)	ṣai	ñakti aiśai yamaṣa ///
17	IOL Toch 266 a3	a3 /// – d(v)īp	ṣai	– /// a4 ///
18	IOL Toch 637 a1	a1 /// kno	ṣai	ne yä nt· ///
19	IOL Toch 639 b1	·i /// b1 ///	ṣai	ñä /// b2 ///
20	IOL Toch 641 a2	– – /// a2 ///	ṣai	cai ā° /// a3
21	IOL Toch 651 a3	ṣamāne kä – ṣṣäṃ	ṣai	/// a4 ///
22	Kizil WD-IV-1 a6	bhadrakāme s(ai)m ; arhānte	ṣai	tne ; cwī aklaṣlyi
23	Km-034-ZS-L-02.07 a1	a1 ///	ṣai	takarṣk(e) – – – – ॥
24	Km-050-KN-L-01.04 a1	kenekäññe kūḍākār wasa walo	ṣai
25	Km-050-KN-R-02.02 a1	(wa)rñai mā mantāte ṣamāne	ṣai	॥
26	Km-050-KN-R-02.03 a1	ersate tuñ wa(sa) andātsain·	ṣai
27	Or 8212.163 b3	/// (de)vadatte ; procer	ṣai	ñi ; ceu preke
28	PK AS 6A b6	tetemu ; b6	ṣai	matāräṃne : saṃwartwiwart ;
29	PK AS 6B a5	mātärsa procer : kektsenne	ṣai	olypotse ; tetreṅku yatäṣṣ(i)a6tär-ne
30	PK AS 7A b3	; (os)t(a)-ṣm(e)ñca ; śāte	(ṣ)ai	; procer ṣai na;rahānte
31	PK AS 7A b3	śāte (ṣ)ai ; procer	ṣai	na;rahānte ; sū ceu
32	PK AS 7L a1	onolmetsä ; nesall(e) (mā)	(ṣai)	(•) /// (ṣeme-ykne) (lkālyi)
33	PK AS 7L a4	srūkalyñe ; kuse	ṣai	mrauskalle – – k· ··ṣ·
34	PK AS 7N b5	onolments ; nesale ma	ṣai	ṣemeb6ykne lkalyi ; läklenta
35	PK AS 15C b5	°ṅka pañä(k)t(e) śaiṣṣene tsä(ṅ)kau	ṣai	tāu preściyaine ṣukt uppālnta
36	PK AS 16.2 b4	b4 ś(aitsi) (s)k(eyessontäṃ)ts cämpamñe	ṣai	tarältse śaiṣṣeṃ täṅtsi ālyine
37	PK AS 16.7 b3	rintsatai : mā tañ	ṣai	pauśye mā ra pet
38	PK DA M 507.27 a4	/// a4 putteyāne milārtse	ṣai	/// a5 śak wine
39	PK DA M 507.27 a4	/// a4 putteyāne milārtse	ṣai	/// a5 śak wine
40	PK DA M 507.37 and .36 a33	saṅkantse peria33sa ṣoṅkseś eñcil	ṣai	• akaum(ts)e ṣewi(sa) –
41	PK DA M 507.37 and .36 a86	wsā(wa) a86 amāś yamale	ṣai	yaka tsamo ṣai •
42	PK DA M 507.37 and .36 a86	yamale ṣai yaka tsamo	ṣai	• wesäṃmpa sām mañiye
43	PK NS 36 and 20 a4	: kuse nai ṅke	ṣai	(su) ; /// (1)
44	PK NS 36 and 20 b3	kuse ñi(ś) maiyyasa cämpalle	ṣai	ce er(k)atñene kalatsi ॥
45	PK NS 39 b5	takā-n(e) • śāwe ra	ṣai	; kektsentsa ; su
46	PK NS 58 a5	aiśträ mā te waike	ṣai	60 nauṣ mā pälskanaṃ
47	PK NS 73 a3	·e /// /// käryortau	ṣai	wī /// a4 ///
48	PK NS 73 a4	a4 /// tsi āñme	ṣai	• /// b1 ///
49	PK NS 78.1 a6	·· /// a6	ṣai	wīktañ·ä ·e r·· ///
50	PK NS 154 a1	a1 ///	ṣai	o /// a2 ///
51	PK NS 163 b5	po b5 /// (wa)lo	ṣai	ke : cwī no
52	PK NS 170 b1	b1 /// rke ltu	ṣai	/// b2 /// –
53	PK NS 266A a3	ykne : āyu k	ṣai	/// a4 /// ·ā
54	THT 3 a7	: (kau)ravye ñem wa(lo)	(ṣai)	; – – – – – – 6σ supratiṣṭhit
55	THT 3 a7	6σ supratiṣṭhit ñem nigrot	(ṣai)	; stanāṃts wlo cwi
56	THT 3 a8	śa(woṃ-)n= okonta swāre ṣ	ṣai	; – – – – 4σ m·
57	THT 3 b1	(a)ñmālaṣke : śāmna(ṃ)ts śaul	ṣai	ṣkas tmane pikula ;
58	THT 3 b8	attsaik totka ceṃts ynāñm	ṣai	; lateṃ ost(m)eṃ snai(tsñ)e
59	THT 5 b3	: kauc ka kaum	(ṣai)	; b4 pärkawo ;
60	THT 12 a4	(po) (ṣamā)ññ(e)ṃ yakneṃtsa ;	ṣai	kekenu 10-9 ceu lyāka
61	THT 16 b4	sāu (no) ; (sunda)ri	ṣai	; wñār= ālyaiko ;
62	THT 19 a3	(mä)skīträ • śakkets soy	ṣai	ksa ; hastake ñem
63	THT 25 b6	/// (osta)-ṣmeñcantse śana	ṣai	tswaiññe ka sruk(au)sa :
64	THT 27 b8	yesäñ wäntre – – lle	ṣai	–
65	THT 28 a8	lintse se (p)ilko tsäṅkau	ṣai	mā maiy(y) (n)e(säṃ) (:)
66	THT 28 b1	– ·w· – lko	ṣai	: ajite n· –
67	THT 28 b5	granthi pilko prākre eṅku	ṣai	: kuse parśi-ne wrantsai
68	THT 64 b3	ksa krui ; nesalle	ṣai	tne : tot ñiś
69	THT 77 a3	krentau(natstse) (a)a3raṇemi ñemtsa walo	ṣai	ot rano sū ololyesa
70	THT 77 a6	rīne mäskīträ • yaitu	ṣai	sū ; (krentauna)ṣṣeṃ ;
71	THT 78 a1	ñi yärke ; śpālme(ṃ)	ṣai	; pāramitne ; āyorṣṣe
72	THT 93 b6	kuse ñiś maiyyasa cämpalle	ṣai	ceṃ erkatñe(ne) (kalatsi) ///
73	THT 95 a1	no sū (rudramukhe) (brāh)m(a)ṇe	ṣai	soy śano makce ṣpä
74	THT 95 a2	no su ut(ta)re mñcuṣke	ṣai	se ña(k)e rāhule st(e)
75	THT 97 b1	tāko /// b1 ॥	ṣai	nauṣ /// b2 ye
76	THT 97 b2	nauṣ /// b2 ye	ṣai	yā /// b3 sudarśane
77	THT 176 b2	ṣpä arkiye putkalñe nesalle	ṣai	• kuse /// b3
78	THT 200 b1	: b1 /// lle	ṣai	mā cittābhisaṃskār katu vipāk
79	THT 212 b2	• śaiṣṣ-ālāṣmo ; laukäññe	ṣai	; snaiy santkīnaṃnt täryāka
80	THT 233 a2	īkṣvākuṃñe a2 /// wi	ṣai	• b3 /// k(e)kts(e)ñ
81	THT 235 b4	– su 20 got·e	ṣai	śerwe ///
82	THT 259 b5	7σ b5 /// ñce	ṣai	·ī ·e pudñäkte ·e
83	THT 291.a a6	; ṣañ ṣap (ākṣle)	(ṣai)	/// 15σ b1 tūsa
84	THT 291.a b4	astarya ; cpi lkāṣäl(ya)	ṣai	• ṣamāññene ; kuse
85	THT 291.a b6	; śäktālye ; (kata)lle	ṣai	cpi • ostämeṃ lälñe;ne
86	THT 337 a4	śem rätreṃ kampās{†ä} ausū	ṣai	• upanande cewmeṃ kampās
87	THT 339 b3	/// b3 /// na	ṣai	ṣpet kenäṣṣe īke sū
88	THT 349 b2	nauṣañ(e) pūrvayok weṣṣäṃ ॥	ṣai	nauṣ ṣamā /// b3
89	THT 350 b2	ke(kenu) some ñemtsa brāhmaṇe	ṣai	: sū br(āhmane) vy·
90	THT 358.a a2	/// (brahma)datte ñem walo	ṣai	sū no śeritsi lac
91	THT 358.a a3	a3 /// (e)piṅtene kārre	ṣai	su śarabhe luwo eṣke
92	THT 380 a5	ṣäṃ kos mā tsäṅkau	ṣai	pūdñäkte /// a6 rsa
93	THT 417 b1	– lyelyakormeṃ /// b1	ṣai	kärtseykne • svarṇapu ///
94	THT 427 a8	yogācā /// a8 ///	ṣai	ts·erme maskässi rṣā(k)i ·e
95	THT 560 a4	wastsi kleste a4 tse	ṣai	• pāṃsukulikeṃ ṣamāneṃ ṣpä
96	THT 575 a1	piś pont(a) (e)ru r(a)	ṣai	: (c)m(e)l(a) epy(a) c
97	THT 575 a1	– – tu ran(o) ;	ṣai	cwy (e) a2 kalymi
98	THT 575 a2	pel· /// /// lau	ṣai	apramaṇinta cäñcrona antpiś kartseś
99	THT 575 b6	/// skeye spelke yamalle	ṣai	• tusāksa kete yolaine
100	THT 576 b3	tu-yäknesa wī koynuwa kakāyau	ṣai	·e /// b4 ///
101	THT 592 a1	॥ lānte wroccepi tkācer	ṣai	ke täṅwaṃña • po
102	THT 1131.b a1	a1	ṣai	ñe wāṣmo tkācer soy
103	THT 1167 a3	a3 /// – lle	ṣai	me /// a4 ///
104	THT 1168 a1	kṣa werpiśkatstse eṅwe mañīye	ṣai	• tumeṃ allok preścīyaine
105	THT 1168 a4	– ne n·e r·	ṣai	kau /// a5 ///
106	THT 1170.e b1	b1 /// 30 brahmaṇe	ṣai	mno ·pr· nu b2
107	THT 1170.g b2	/// b2 /// ·āhmaṇe	ṣai	msā rmpā mai śwātsi
108	THT 1176 b3	/// b3 /// –	ṣai	janitaṃ ji – ///
109	THT 1204.h b2	li /// b2 ///	ṣai	ne – ///
110	THT 1245 a3	/// a3 /// klyiye	ṣai	y·ä ṣ·a /// a4
111	THT 1316.b b1	b1 /// ·t· l·	ṣai	ta na ·t· ///
112	THT 1325 a4	yna rwa na :	ṣai	no – yā ///
113	THT 1339 b5	le ṣait mäkt· kmā	ṣai	y· /// b6 ///
114	THT 1387.d b2	h b2 /// –	ṣai	vā – ·e nt·
115	THT 1394.aa b2	/// b2 /// k·	ṣai	– /// b3 ///
116	THT 1399.jj b2	/// b2 /// t·aṃts	ṣai	– ///
117	THT 1403.n b3	b3 /// ke ntat·	ṣai	– ///
118	THT 1407.d a4	a4 /// – m	ṣai	t·aṃ /// a5 ///
119	THT 1481.a a3	/// ce nauṣ yāmu	ṣai	– /// a4 ///
120	THT 1541.h a3	a3 /// – rvān	ṣai	10-1 reki ṣa –
121	THT 1556 b3	le – ṣṣ· lu	ṣai	artsa kauṃ pañäkte lkātsi
122	THT 1565 b3	b3 /// – – – ma	ṣai	twe – ñakte yśāmna
123	THT 1572 b6	b6 ne : ātstse	ṣai	nau /// b7 tsa
124	THT 1628.l1 b1	– /// b1 ///	ṣai	• tā – ///
125	THT 1680 b3	/// b3 /// ·s·	ṣai	se snai karuṃ wnol·e
126	THT 1845 a4	/// a4 /// –	ṣai	ne /// b1 ///
127	THT 1922 a3	rhi /// a3 ///	ṣai	tī /// b1 ///
128	THT 2257.i b1	/// b1 /// –	ṣai	///
129	THT 2369.t b2	ñaś /// b2 ///	ṣai	widvare ñem – ///
130	THT 2701 a3	a3 /// – ṣṣuki	ṣai	• piṅkte ka ·i
131	THT 3036 a2	a2 /// ·ä nte	ṣai	nauṣ ·re /// a3
132	THT 3062 a2	/// a2 /// ña	ṣai	śo ///
133	THT 3308 b2	b2 /// – ·ne	ṣai	– /// b3 ///
134	THT 3730.b b1	śä /// b1 ///	ṣai	– /// b2 ///

ṣeyä

1	PK AS 6D a5	; śrāvastine brāhmaṇe ;	ṣeyä	ksa (c)e(u) preke :
2	THT 42 a7	: ostmeṃ ltu sam	ṣeyä	; mā campya ///
3	THT 404 a3	lakutsa ceṃts ; kektseñe	ṣeyä	: salamo luwo ;

ṣey

1	IOL Toch 12 a3	: cwī no soy	ṣey	tu-yknesa ; śarwarñempa rittowo
2	IOL Toch 373 a2	/// a2 /// ·uw·r	ṣey	ñī tre° /// a3
3	IOL Toch 710 a3	/// a3 /// mā	ṣey	/// b1 /// sātke
4	Mz-006-ZS-R-01 a2	wināsi a2 tane kekämu	ṣey
5	PK AS 18B a1	sū no weṃtsi epastye	ṣey	(•) (t)oy{†ä} aśiyana parna
6	PK LC 37 a4	lye- a4 /// w·	ṣey	cakanma ṣkas tneññai tau
7	PK NS 172 b4	/// b4 /// mṛga	ṣey	o /// b5 ///
8	THT 108 b2	kw· – – • rājarṣi	ṣey	; gaye ñem ;
9	THT 108 b8	(ra) ṛddhiṣṣe yātalñe āktike	ṣey	se auṣap āktike ste
10	THT 287 b2	7σ b2 /// 30-2	ṣey	no nauṣo ; tumeṃ
11	THT 360 b5	po kärtsauñentaś – r·e	ṣey	sū tatākau
12	THT 362 a1	(o)a1(no)lmeṃts tsārwo	ṣ(e)y	ṣäp yä /// a2
13	THT 363 a5	/// a5 me eṅku	ṣey	॥ tumeṃ vi ///
14	THT 371 a4	a4 /// te ñem	ṣey	marici /// a5 ///
15	THT 372 b1	॥ ṣaḍapne ॥ walo	ṣey	tane jaṃbudvipne nauṣ preke
16	THT 375 a2	a2 /// ne nesalñ(e)sa	ṣey	॥ rṣap-devadatteṃne ॥ śrāvasti
17	THT 375 a3	milykaucce yarpo • kraupalle	ṣey	su ra ṣey-ne lakle
18	THT 375 a4	etsuwai priyadeve ñemttsa śreṣṭhi	ṣey	eśatkai śāte ekaññetstse olyapotstse
19	THT 405 a5	pakenta tarne mā tsrālle	ṣey	• /// a6 talñesa
20	THT 409 a1	a1 /// ··ts· (a)m(i)śkäṃñe	ṣey	pälskontse sklok proskaisa kältsau
21	THT 576 a3	a3 /// ·e luwo	ṣey	omp empele : wī
22	THT 582 a1	a1 /// ṣamāne	ṣey	aittäṃ maittär a2 ///
23	THT 1122 b5	/// (wa)lo	ṣey	ṣemepi ślokantse pe{r}nesa laṃṣa (te)
24	THT 3576 a2	a2 /// ṣṣe ne	ṣey	/// b1 /// r·

ṣeyo

1

THT 25 b4

kauntsa – – – – sno y·ausa

ṣeyo

/// b5 ///