THT 3
| Known as: | THT 3; B 3 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Hannes A. Fellner. "THT 3". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht3 (accessed 11 Sep. 2026). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Hannes A. Fellner |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Specific find spot: | Stadthöhle |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 69.35 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Udānālaṅkāra |
| Passage: | Book 1 (Anityavarga), strophes 87-98 |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Doctrine |
| Verse/Prose: | verse |
| Meter: | 53436 (2x), 4545 (1x), 436 (1x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | Udānālaṅkāra A |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 8 |
Transliteration
| lf | 10 3 |
|---|---|
| a1 | – ·k· i yaṃ ypau na ne mā ka wno lme· [kau] seṃ : m[ā] ·n· śa kkre – – mo· nt· [y]ā k[ṣ]i mai yya ka lpā skeṃ [kau] s[e]ṃ wno lmeṃ mā ka : nā gi la kaṃ tsa tkuṃ e ṅka lwa ypau na ā – wra nta [o] so ntra : ke ssa wn· [l]m· – |
| a2 | k[e] ntra na kṣtra ja mbu dvi¯ ¯[p] ·e – 7 mau dga lyā ya ne – o mpo staṃ [jā] [t]i śro ṇi – – rtse ma kte [śau¯] [¯l] – tta ṅka[ṃ] : – – ko¯ ¯s tsai kaṃ lwa ksā ts[ai] ka śce ma ṣṣeṃ bhā ja nta kau ta lñā ke po toṃ : ma¯ ¯nt yā mo rṣṣe lwa ksā tsai |
| a3 | ka ntse śau¯ ¯l ke ktse ñ· ·s· tsai kwa wno lmeṃ¯ ¯ts : [a] – śai ra pa pā ṣwa srū [ka]· ñ· – po ntaṃ¯ ¯ts 80 – – – – – – – ¯ñä [k]· [wä]¯ ¯n śa kā tai sa ka lṣta rme ṣñā rwe peṃ¯ ¯ś a śa nme : tu ykne sa ktsai tsñe srū ka |
| a4 | – śau¯ ¯l ka l[ts]e ntra wno lme ntso ṣa¯ ¯ñ [ka] lymi¯ ¯ś a ke nne : ma kte ca ke ·[li] [y]e – – – – – – – – – ·[au] tko t· : ma¯ ¯nt ka [tta] ṅkaṃ śau la nma mā¯ ¯s̝p wte ntse klau tko ntra 80 9 te ke klyau ṣo rmeṃ brā hma |
| a5 | ṇ· śau lne ·kw· ·[ñ]· wi kā ne pi lkwa ñma ṣṣe kulā ne : nano¯ ¯k a lye¯ ¯k – – – – ·n· – yś[i] – – – – – – ṛ gā ra¯ ¯ñä stā ṅkne kreṃ¯ ¯nt : ṣa myeṃ mā ka ṣa mā ni a plā¯ ¯cä ā kte ke te to |
| a6 | tka śau¯ ¯l śā mnaṃ¯ ¯ts : wno lmi – ·e snai spe lke mā mrau ska lñe rse ntra 90 klyau ṣa pū dñä kte plā[¯] [¯cä] – – – ñä kcya ne – – – – – [p]e ·eṃ [c]e¯ ¯u yke ne : pre ksa ṣa mā neṃ pu dñä kte ma ktā¯ ¯u plā csa ṣmī ce¯ ¯r ye¯ ¯s a |
| a7 | kṣā re po yśiṃ tse : pa lā te me ma kā ykne ka ṣṣī n[au] [ṣa] ññai¯ ¯s̝p plā¯ ¯cä a kṣā mau rtse sa : – ra [v]ye ñe¯ ¯m [wa] – – – – – – – – – – su pra ti ṣṭhi¯ ¯t ñe¯ ¯m ni gro¯ ¯t – sta nāṃ¯ ¯ts wlo cwi ya po yne pi śā ntse ntsa |
| a8 | w[r]o tse : śa – no ko nta swā re¯ ¯s̝ ṣai – – – (–) [m]· śū [ke] ne w[r]o ccā ntseṃ ka rā kna : ṣe mā – ··ṃ [st]ā na – – – – – – – – ce meṃ ypo yi : ś[ta] rcā n[ts]e meṃ o st[m]eṃ l[t]·e¯ ¯s̝ ·i ṅcā ntse meṃ l(·)ā – |
| b1 | 90 2 mā śwoṃ – lyau ce o ko nta lwā [sa] – – – wpre ke m[ā] [snai] p· le yā mṣyeṃ : cwi lā nte – o¯ ¯mp brā – – – – – – – – – ai ś· my· ñmā la [ṣ]ke : śā mna·¯ ¯ts ś[au]¯ ¯l ṣai ṣka¯ ¯s [t]ma ne p[i] kula a – |
| b2 | ne mi¯ ¯ñ tā kā ke¯ ¯ś ta ttā lñe : ma nta rṣkeṃ śau¯ ¯l śā mna¯ ¯ts ñke mā rse ntra mrau ska lñe 90 3 sū pa rskau – ltsa la¯ ¯cä o [s]tm·· – – – – – – – – – ska ṣpa lsko sa : snai ke ·[y]· ltse nma tma ne nma a ra ne miṃ mpa la |
| b3 | teṃ o stmeṃ wno lmi : ni gro¯ ¯t – t· [m]ñ[o] rṣe¯ ¯k su ma skī tra o¯ ¯mp a ka lṣlyeṃ¯ ¯ts pe lai knā ksa ṣṣi – o mpa kwä ttñe śau [l]· – – – – – – ś[ai] 90 4 śau¯ ¯l a ttsai¯ ¯k to tka śā mnaṃ¯ ¯ts ñke wrī ye ṣṣe pa lta kwä a tyaṃ¯ ¯ts a |
| b4 | ·e [nta] sa : – – ·[ā] klaṃ tsra¯ ¯mt klau tso ra¯ ¯mt o ṅko lma ntse wā ska – – – ·k· – [m]ā – – – – – – – – – kṣā me a ra ne mi ka ṣṣī swa ka lṣlyeṃ¯ ¯ts : klau tsne nai śai pe pī ltso śau |
| b5 | ·mpa mā spa nte tra 90 5 ma kte ña – [tn]e pa nno [wo] ko¯ ¯s sa rki mpa [w]· p· tra – ·k· – – – – – – ¯nt śā mn··¯ ¯ts śau ltne ko¯ ¯s śaiṃ ksa kau naṃ¯ ¯ts me ña·¯ ¯ts ka tko rne ka rsnā tra ttsai¯ ¯k po staṃ : ma kte kau |
| b6 | tsya ke ma ne wno lme – ko¯ ¯s sai kaṃ ṣi ko nte ·k· nma¯ ¯ś : to¯ ¯t srū ka lñe – ·[k]· [t]ra ma¯ ¯nt śā mnaṃ¯ ¯ts [śau]¯ ¯l – – [90] [6] wai – ne tse śau¯ ¯l to tkā ttsai¯ ¯k su¯ ¯s̝p la kle mpa ri tto wo mā no wno lmyai ke ntra : śa |
| b7 | kā ta ṣṣa sā¯ ¯u sa lyye mkt[e] – rne na [kṣta] rṣe pre ntse ma¯ ¯nt śā mnaṃ¯ ¯ts śau¯ ¯l na kṣta[¯] [¯r] – – ste mye ksa – saṃ śau la ntse – [k]l· snai tse te tkā ks̝pa [ka] [nma] s̝s̝aṃ : ka rsnaṃ pa rma¯ ¯ṅk sa¯ ¯ñä śā mnaṃ¯ ¯ts ma ntaṃ pwa kā lka nta 90 7 |
| b8 | – – ra ne mi ś·o ka nma ā kṣā ka lṣ – eṃ¯ ¯ts ce ·e – ·e – – – – s[k]ā – : ṣka¯ ¯s tmā ne pi ku[la] śau[¯] [¯l] – ā mnaṃ¯ ¯ts a ttsai kto tka ceṃ¯ ¯ts ynā¯ ¯ñ[m] ṣai la teṃ o st – eṃ snai ·e : ña [k]e [ś]au¯ ¯[l] a ttsai¯ ¯[k] to [t]·[ā] – ·e |
Transcription
| lf | 10-3 |
| * | ñake śaul attsaik tot(k)ā (yärm) (s)e |
|---|
Translation
| a1 | When (the kings out of insatiability) lead (the army) into (other) countries, they kill many beings. |
|---|---|
| a1 | Not there are the ten good deeds, |
| a1 | the Yakṣas obtain power |
| a1 | [and] kill many beings. |
| a1 | When the Nāgas see the perverted passions [and] (leave) the countries, the waters dry up, |
| a1+ | of hunger the beings die, |
| a2 | [and] this Jambudvīpa perishes. |
| a2 | [87d]. |
| a2 | Maudgalyāyana after that (revealed to) Jātiśrona at length, how life passes away. |
| a2 | “(Just as) the earthen vessels, however many the potter will shape, (are) all ending with the fracturing, so [also] the live and body of the beings shaped by the potter “Karman”; |
| a3 | even [when] preserved with care, death is (the end) of all. |
| a3 | [88d] |
| a3 | (Just like the herdsman) goads his cows with a stick, and ever drives them to their corrals, in this way old age and deathgoad the life of the beings and drive it to its destination. |
| a4 | Just like a mountain stream .... (does not) turn back, so lives go by and do never turn back.” |
| a4 | [89d] |
| a4+ | When he had heard this, the Brahman lost his (pleasure) in life, |
| a5 | and his view on his own self disappeared in him. |
| a5 | Again at another (time) the Omniscient (the Master, was staying in Śrāvastī), in the beautiful palace of the Mṛgārā. |
| a5 | Many monks sat there in conversation: |
| a5 | “A miracle |
| a5+ | [is] this, short [is] the life of humans, |
| a6 | [but], the beings[are] (here) without zeal, they do not evoke aversion for the world.” |
| a6 | [90d] |
| a6 | The Buddha heard the(ir) conversation with divine (ears). |
| a6 | (He came in/through the air) to the place, [and] the Buddha asked the monks: |
| a6 | “What conversation were you sitting in?” |
| a6+ | They told the Omniscient. |
| a7 | The Master praised them in many ways |
| a7 | and recounted to them an earlier conversation at length: |
| a7 | (Kau)ravya by name (was a king here in the Jambudvīpa). |
| a7+ | Supratiṣṭhita by name (was) a Nyagrodha, a king of the trees, in his land of five tree boughs, a great one. |
| a8 | They ate his fruit – and sweet was [its] (taste, like honey) in taste – on the great branches of the boughs; |
| a8 | from the first bough of the trees (the king, from the second [his] followers), from (the third) the country people, from the fourth bough those that had gone from the house, from the fifth bough the animals |
| b1 | They did not eat each other. |
| b1 | [It was] fruit the animals (ate) at that time, |
| b1 | they did not do wrong. |
| b1 | This king (however) had a Brahman there (Araṇemi by name), wise and compassionate. |
| b1 | The life of humans was six myriads of years [long], |
| b1+ | [but] Araṇemi's deliberation was: |
| b2 | “Evil is the life of humans now, |
| b2 | [but] they do not evoke aversion for the world.” |
| b2 | [93d] |
| b2 | Fearing (life), he went from the house ... with spirit (filled with aversion for the world). |
| b2+ | Numberless thousands and myriads of beings went from the house with Araṇemi. |
| b3 | Under the Nyagrodha-tree he always stayed, |
| b3 | there he recited the law to the students. |
| b3 | The unreliability of life (he discussed): |
| b3 | [94d] |
| b3+ | The life of humans is now only short (as) a drop of dew on the tips of grasses. |
| b4 | Like (the tongues) of the snakes, like the ear of the elephant, as flexible ... |
| b4 | ... Araṇemi, the teacher, recited to his students. |
| b4+ | Having carefully pricked up the ears, in life do not trust. |
| b5 | [95d] |
| b5 | Just like the thread strechted here, as often as it is interwoven with the plait ... such [is] here the life of humans; however many are alive, in the passing of days and months it will only be cut off afterwards. |
| b5+ | Just like a being being led to the killing (here), however many steps it goes to the place of death, (it comes?) closer to death, so the life of humans (passes). |
| b6 | [96d] |
| b6 | The life [of humans] [is] difficult and only short, and it involves suffering, |
| b6 | but the beings do not realize [it]. |
| b6+ | Like the streak of a stick into water fades within a moment, so fades the life of humans. |
| b7 | The life [of humans] has (no) stability, |
| b7 | and suddenly (suffering) and poverty comes, |
| b7 | cuts off the hope of humans |
| b7 | and destroys all wishes. |
| b7 | [97d] |
| b7+ | (Such) strophes (it was that) Araṇemi at that (time) recited to the students, |
| b8 | [and] (many) grew weary of life there. |
| b8 | Six myriads of years [lasted] the life of the people, |
| b8 | [but] only little was [it] worth to them, |
| b8 | they went from the house into poverty. |
| b8 | Now life is (just) short |
Other
| a1+ | Wenn die Nāgas die verkehrten Leidenschaften sehen [und] die Länder (verlassen), trocknen die Wasser aus, an Hunger sterben die Wesen, [und] dieser Jambudvīpa geht zugrunde. (Schmidt 1974: 100-1, 128) |
|---|---|
| a2 | [Just] (as) earthenware bowls, no matter how many the potter fashions, all [have] breaking [as their] end, … (Peyrot 2013b: 709) |
| a3+ | (So wie der Hirt seine) Kühe mit dem Stock bedroht [und] sie je zu ihren Hürden führt, auf solche Weise bedrohen Alter [und] Tod das Leben der Wesen [und] führen es seinem Ziel zu. (Schmidt 1974: 385) |
| a4 | Wie der Bergstrom ... (nicht) umkehrt, so gehen die Leben vorüber und kehren nicht wieder um. (Schmidt 1974: 273) |
| a6 | Es fragte der Buddha die Mönche: "Bei welchem Gespräch saßet ihr?" (Schmidt 1974: 378) |
| b1 | Sie fraßen sich nicht gegenseitig. (Schmidt 1974: 321) |
| b2 | Übel [ist] jetzt das Leben der Menschen, [aber] sie bringen nicht Lebensüberdruss hervor. (Schmidt 1974: 331) |
| b3 | Unter dem Nyagrodhabaum hielt er [scil. Araṇemi] sich ständig auf, dort trug er den Schülern das Gesetz vor. (Schmidt 1974: 110-1) |
| b4+ | Vertraut nicht auf das Leben! (Schmidt 1974: 174) |
| b5 | [Just] as the thread stretched here: as much as it is woven with the woof, so much smaller it becomes. (cf : ii, 7) (Peyrot 2013b: 708) |
| b5 | Wie hier der aufgezogene Faden, wie oft er mit dem Einschlag verwebt wird, (so oft gering[er] wird), so [ist] hier das Leben der Menschen, wieviele auch leben, im Vergehen der Tage und Monate wird es hinterher nur abgeschnitten. (Schmidt 1974: 207-8, 235) |
| b5+ | [Just] as a being here, being led to be killed: as many steps as it takes to the killing place [lit. cemetery], with so many it (approaches)301 death. So the life of humans (is destroyed). (cf : ii, 7) (Peyrot 2013b: 708) |
| b6 | Das Leben [der Menschen ist] schwierig [und] nur gering, und es ist mit Leid verbunden, aber die Wesen merken [es] nicht. (Schmidt 1974: 178) |
| b6+ | Wie der Stockstreich im Wasser vergeht in einem Augenblick, so vergeht das Leben der Menschen. (Schmidt 1974: 128) |
| b7 | Und plötzlich kommt Leid [und] Armut, schneidet die Hoffnung der Angehörigen ab [und] vernichtet alle Wünsche. (Schmidt 1974: 74-5, 164) |
Commentary
Parallel texts
| Cf. Ogihara 2011c |
Philological commentary
| This leaf, immediately following THT 1, contains strophes 87-98. The metre is 21, 21, 18, 13 syllables. The rhythm in a and b is 8/7/6; in c it is 9/9 (or 4/5, 4/5 respectively), in d it is 7/6. | |
| n1 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 25 fn. 5, 6; retke based on THT 2 b8. |
| n2 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 25 fn. 7-9. The word bhājanta was added by a different hand according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 25 fn. 11. |
| n3 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 25 fn. 12. |
| n4 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 25 fn. 14-17. |
| n5 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 26 fn. 1 and 2. |
| n6 | The akṣara <ska> in mrauskalñ= ersenträ was added by a different hand according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 26 fn. 3. |
| n7 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 26 fn. 4-6. |
| n8 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 26 fn. 7-10. |
| n9 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 26 fn. 11. |
| n10 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 26 fn. 12-16. |
| n11 | In the current reading pāda 93c violates the metre by one syllable. Maybe tättālñe has to be correceted to tättālñe. |
| n13 | Pāda 94b lacks two syllables at the end. |
| n14 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 27 fn. 2 und 3. |
| n15 | Emendation to ñare according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 27 fn. 4. Emendation to wāpatär according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 145. |
| n16 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 27 fn. 6. |
| n17 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 27 fn. 7 and 8. |
| n18 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 27 fn. 10 and 14. |
Remarks
| The original manuscript is missing, but was a complete leaf, severely damaged in places by insects. |
Linguistic commentary
| n12 | pältakwä for pältakw. |
|---|
References
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 8-9; Sieg and Siegling 1983: 25-27 notes 141-146
Translations
Carling 2000: a3 a4 (110), a5 (152), a6 (89), a7 (16, 101), b1 (281, 309), b3 (327), b3 b4 (178), b4 (179), b6 (117), b6 b7 (131), b8 (243, 281); Hackstein 1995: a4 a5 (133), b2 (47, 192f), b6 b7 (85), b7 (305); Krause 1952: a3 (204), a3 (207), a5 (205), a5 (207), a5 (28), a7 (204), b4 (185); Malzahn 2012b: a8 (158); Meunier 2013: b3 (147); Peyrot 2013b: a2 (709), a2 a3 (709), b5 (708), b5 b6 (708); Schmidt 1974: a1 a2 (100f, 128), a1 a2 (100-1, 128), a3 a4 (385), a4 (273), a6 (378), b1 (321), b2 (331), b3 (110f), b3 (110-1), b4 b5 (174), b5 (34 n.1c), b5 (207-8, 235), b6 (178), b6 b7 (128), b7 (74f, 164), b7 (74-5, 164); Sieg and Siegling 1949: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 (II, 5-8); Sieg and Siegling 1983: a5 (143), a6 (143), a8 (144), b3 (144), b8 (287); Thomas 1952: a2 (34); Thomas 1957: a5 a6 (36), a6 (82), a7 (30, 195), a8 b1 (48), b1 (31), b1 b2 (16), b3 (68), b6 (265); Thomas 1958: b4 b5 (303); Thomas 1965: a4 a5 (199); Thomas 1967a: a7 (70); Thomas 1968: a2 (227), a2 a3 (215), a2 a3 (221), a3 (199), a3 a4 (216), a4 (214), b5 (215), b5 b6 (216), b6 b7 (219), b6 b7 (229); Thomas 1969: b5 (241); Thomas 1969a: a3 a4 (321); Thomas 1969c: b5 (203); Thomas 1970: a1 (272), b1 b2 (270), b2 (270); Thomas 1970a: b5 (454); Thomas 1972: b5 (459); Thomas 1979b: a6 (18), b2 (57), b3 (57), b5 (29), b5 (35), b8 (40); Thomas 1983: a3 (22), a3 a4 (26), b8 (18); Thomas 1986: a5 (123); Thomas 1988: a6 (252); Thomas 1989: b5 (32), b6 (12); Thomas 1995: a1 (56), a5 (60), a5 (67), a7 (56); Thomas 1997: a2 (72)
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