THT 3
| Known as: | THT 3; B 3 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Hannes A. Fellner. "THT 3". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht3 (accessed 06 Dec. 2024). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Hannes A. Fellner |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Specific find spot: | Stadthöhle |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 69.35 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Udānālaṅkāra |
| Passage: | Book 1 (Anityavarga), strophes 87-98 |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Doctrine |
| Verse/Prose: | verse |
| Meter: | 53436 (2x), 4545 (1x), 436 (1x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | Udānālaṅkāra A |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 8 |
Transliteration
| lf | 10 3 |
|---|---|
| a1 | – ·k· i yaṃ ypau na ne mā ka wno lme· [kau] seṃ : m[ā] ·n· śa kkre – – mo· nt· [y]ā k[ṣ]i mai yya ka lpā skeṃ [kau] s[e]ṃ wno lmeṃ mā ka : nā gi la kaṃ tsa tkuṃ e ṅka lwa ypau na ā – wra nta [o] so ntra : ke ssa wn· [l]m· – |
| a2 | k[e] ntra na kṣtra ja mbu dvi¯ ¯[p] ·e – 7 mau dga lyā ya ne – o mpo staṃ [jā] [t]i śro ṇi – – rtse ma kte [śau¯] [¯l] – tta ṅka[ṃ] : – – ko¯ ¯s tsai kaṃ lwa ksā ts[ai] ka śce ma ṣṣeṃ bhā ja nta kau ta lñā ke po toṃ : ma¯ ¯nt yā mo rṣṣe lwa ksā tsai |
| a3 | ka ntse śau¯ ¯l ke ktse ñ· ·s· tsai kwa wno lmeṃ¯ ¯ts : [a] – śai ra pa pā ṣwa srū [ka]· ñ· – po ntaṃ¯ ¯ts 80 – – – – – – – ¯ñä [k]· [wä]¯ ¯n śa kā tai sa ka lṣta rme ṣñā rwe peṃ¯ ¯ś a śa nme : tu ykne sa ktsai tsñe srū ka |
| a4 | – śau¯ ¯l ka l[ts]e ntra wno lme ntso ṣa¯ ¯ñ [ka] lymi¯ ¯ś a ke nne : ma kte ca ke ·[li] [y]e – – – – – – – – – ·[au] tko t· : ma¯ ¯nt ka [tta] ṅkaṃ śau la nma mā¯ ¯s̝p wte ntse klau tko ntra 80 9 te ke klyau ṣo rmeṃ brā hma |
| a5 | ṇ· śau lne ·kw· ·[ñ]· wi kā ne pi lkwa ñma ṣṣe kulā ne : nano¯ ¯k a lye¯ ¯k – – – – ·n· – yś[i] – – – – – – ṛ gā ra¯ ¯ñä stā ṅkne kreṃ¯ ¯nt : ṣa myeṃ mā ka ṣa mā ni a plā¯ ¯cä ā kte ke te to |
| a6 | tka śau¯ ¯l śā mnaṃ¯ ¯ts : wno lmi – ·e snai spe lke mā mrau ska lñe rse ntra 90 klyau ṣa pū dñä kte plā[¯] [¯cä] – – – ñä kcya ne – – – – – [p]e ·eṃ [c]e¯ ¯u yke ne : pre ksa ṣa mā neṃ pu dñä kte ma ktā¯ ¯u plā csa ṣmī ce¯ ¯r ye¯ ¯s a |
| a7 | kṣā re po yśiṃ tse : pa lā te me ma kā ykne ka ṣṣī n[au] [ṣa] ññai¯ ¯s̝p plā¯ ¯cä a kṣā mau rtse sa : – ra [v]ye ñe¯ ¯m [wa] – – – – – – – – – – su pra ti ṣṭhi¯ ¯t ñe¯ ¯m ni gro¯ ¯t – sta nāṃ¯ ¯ts wlo cwi ya po yne pi śā ntse ntsa |
| a8 | w[r]o tse : śa – no ko nta swā re¯ ¯s̝ ṣai – – – (–) [m]· śū [ke] ne w[r]o ccā ntseṃ ka rā kna : ṣe mā – ··ṃ [st]ā na – – – – – – – – ce meṃ ypo yi : ś[ta] rcā n[ts]e meṃ o st[m]eṃ l[t]·e¯ ¯s̝ ·i ṅcā ntse meṃ l(·)ā – |
| b1 | 90 2 mā śwoṃ – lyau ce o ko nta lwā [sa] – – – wpre ke m[ā] [snai] p· le yā mṣyeṃ : cwi lā nte – o¯ ¯mp brā – – – – – – – – – ai ś· my· ñmā la [ṣ]ke : śā mna·¯ ¯ts ś[au]¯ ¯l ṣai ṣka¯ ¯s [t]ma ne p[i] kula a – |
| b2 | ne mi¯ ¯ñ tā kā ke¯ ¯ś ta ttā lñe : ma nta rṣkeṃ śau¯ ¯l śā mna¯ ¯ts ñke mā rse ntra mrau ska lñe 90 3 sū pa rskau – ltsa la¯ ¯cä o [s]tm·· – – – – – – – – – ska ṣpa lsko sa : snai ke ·[y]· ltse nma tma ne nma a ra ne miṃ mpa la |
| b3 | teṃ o stmeṃ wno lmi : ni gro¯ ¯t – t· [m]ñ[o] rṣe¯ ¯k su ma skī tra o¯ ¯mp a ka lṣlyeṃ¯ ¯ts pe lai knā ksa ṣṣi – o mpa kwä ttñe śau [l]· – – – – – – ś[ai] 90 4 śau¯ ¯l a ttsai¯ ¯k to tka śā mnaṃ¯ ¯ts ñke wrī ye ṣṣe pa lta kwä a tyaṃ¯ ¯ts a |
| b4 | ·e [nta] sa : – – ·[ā] klaṃ tsra¯ ¯mt klau tso ra¯ ¯mt o ṅko lma ntse wā ska – – – ·k· – [m]ā – – – – – – – – – kṣā me a ra ne mi ka ṣṣī swa ka lṣlyeṃ¯ ¯ts : klau tsne nai śai pe pī ltso śau |
| b5 | ·mpa mā spa nte tra 90 5 ma kte ña – [tn]e pa nno [wo] ko¯ ¯s sa rki mpa [w]· p· tra – ·k· – – – – – – ¯nt śā mn··¯ ¯ts śau ltne ko¯ ¯s śaiṃ ksa kau naṃ¯ ¯ts me ña·¯ ¯ts ka tko rne ka rsnā tra ttsai¯ ¯k po staṃ : ma kte kau |
| b6 | tsya ke ma ne wno lme – ko¯ ¯s sai kaṃ ṣi ko nte ·k· nma¯ ¯ś : to¯ ¯t srū ka lñe – ·[k]· [t]ra ma¯ ¯nt śā mnaṃ¯ ¯ts [śau]¯ ¯l – – [90] [6] wai – ne tse śau¯ ¯l to tkā ttsai¯ ¯k su¯ ¯s̝p la kle mpa ri tto wo mā no wno lmyai ke ntra : śa |
| b7 | kā ta ṣṣa sā¯ ¯u sa lyye mkt[e] – rne na [kṣta] rṣe pre ntse ma¯ ¯nt śā mnaṃ¯ ¯ts śau¯ ¯l na kṣta[¯] [¯r] – – ste mye ksa – saṃ śau la ntse – [k]l· snai tse te tkā ks̝pa [ka] [nma] s̝s̝aṃ : ka rsnaṃ pa rma¯ ¯ṅk sa¯ ¯ñä śā mnaṃ¯ ¯ts ma ntaṃ pwa kā lka nta 90 7 |
| b8 | – – ra ne mi ś·o ka nma ā kṣā ka lṣ – eṃ¯ ¯ts ce ·e – ·e – – – – s[k]ā – : ṣka¯ ¯s tmā ne pi ku[la] śau[¯] [¯l] – ā mnaṃ¯ ¯ts a ttsai kto tka ceṃ¯ ¯ts ynā¯ ¯ñ[m] ṣai la teṃ o st – eṃ snai ·e : ña [k]e [ś]au¯ ¯[l] a ttsai¯ ¯[k] to [t]·[ā] – ·e |
Transcription
| lf | 10-3 |
| * | ñake śaul attsaik tot(k)ā (yärm) (s)e |
|---|
Translation
| a1 | When (the kings out of insatiability) lead (the army) into (other) countries, they kill many beings. Not there are the ten good deeds, the Yakṣas obtain power [and] kill many beings. When the Nāgas see the perverted passions [and] (leave) the countries, the waters dry up, |
|---|---|
| a1+ | of hunger the beings die, |
| a2 | [and] this Jambudvīpa perishes. [87d]. Maudgalyāyana after that (revealed to) Jātiśrona at length, how life passes away. “(Just as) the earthen vessels, however many the potter will shape, (are) all ending with the fracturing, so [also] the live and body of the beings shaped by the potter “Karman”; |
| a3 | even [when] preserved with care, death is (the end) of all. [88d] (Just like the herdsman) goads his cows with a stick, and ever drives them to their corrals, in this way old age and deathgoad the life of the beings and drive it to its destination. |
| a4 | Just like a mountain stream .... (does not) turn back, so lives go by and do never turn back.” [89d] |
| a4+ | When he had heard this, the Brahman lost his (pleasure) in life, |
| a5 | and his view on his own self disappeared in him. Again at another (time) the Omniscient (the Master, was staying in Śrāvastī), in the beautiful palace of the Mṛgārā. Many monks sat there in conversation: “A miracle |
| a5+ | [is] this, short [is] the life of humans, |
| a6 | [but], the beings[are] (here) without zeal, they do not evoke aversion for the world.” [90d] The Buddha heard the(ir) conversation with divine (ears). (He came in/through the air) to the place, [and] the Buddha asked the monks: “What conversation were you sitting in?” |
| a6+ | They told the Omniscient. |
| a7 | The Master praised them in many ways and recounted to them an earlier conversation at length: (Kau)ravya by name (was a king here in the Jambudvīpa). |
| a7+ | Supratiṣṭhita by name (was) a Nyagrodha, a king of the trees, in his land of five tree boughs, a great one. |
| a8 | They ate his fruit – and sweet was [its] (taste, like honey) in taste – on the great branches of the boughs; from the first bough of the trees (the king, from the second [his] followers), from (the third) the country people, from the fourth bough those that had gone from the house, from the fifth bough the animals |
| b1 | They did not eat each other. [It was] fruit the animals (ate) at that time, they did not do wrong. This king (however) had a Brahman there (Araṇemi by name), wise and compassionate. The life of humans was six myriads of years [long], |
| b1+ | [but] Araṇemi's deliberation was: |
| b2 | “Evil is the life of humans now, [but] they do not evoke aversion for the world.” [93d] Fearing (life), he went from the house ... with spirit (filled with aversion for the world). |
| b2+ | Numberless thousands and myriads of beings went from the house with Araṇemi. |
| b3 | Under the Nyagrodha-tree he always stayed, there he recited the law to the students. The unreliability of life (he discussed): [94d] |
| b3+ | The life of humans is now only short (as) a drop of dew on the tips of grasses. |
| b4 | Like (the tongues) of the snakes, like the ear of the elephant, as flexible ... ... Araṇemi, the teacher, recited to his students. |
| b4+ | Having carefully pricked up the ears, in life do not trust. |
| b5 | [95d] Just like the thread strechted here, as often as it is interwoven with the plait ... such [is] here the life of humans; however many are alive, in the passing of days and months it will only be cut off afterwards. |
| b5+ | Just like a being being led to the killing (here), however many steps it goes to the place of death, (it comes?) closer to death, so the life of humans (passes). |
| b6 | [96d] The life [of humans] [is] difficult and only short, and it involves suffering, but the beings do not realize [it]. |
| b6+ | Like the streak of a stick into water fades within a moment, so fades the life of humans. |
| b7 | The life [of humans] has (no) stability, and suddenly (suffering) and poverty comes, cuts off the hope of humans and destroys all wishes. [97d] |
| b8 | (Such) strophes (it was that) Araṇemi at that (time) recited to the students, [and] (many) grew weary of life there. Six myriads of years [lasted] the life of the people, [but] only little was [it] worth to them, they went from the house into poverty. Now life is (just) short |
Other
| a1+ | Wenn die Nāgas die verkehrten Leidenschaften sehen [und] die Länder (verlassen), trocknen die Wasser aus, an Hunger sterben die Wesen, [und] dieser Jambudvīpa geht zugrunde. (Schmidt 1974: 100-1, 128) |
|---|---|
| a2 | [Just] (as) earthenware bowls, no matter how many the potter fashions, all [have] breaking [as their] end, … (Peyrot 2013b: 709) |
| a3+ | (So wie der Hirt seine) Kühe mit dem Stock bedroht [und] sie je zu ihren Hürden führt, auf solche Weise bedrohen Alter [und] Tod das Leben der Wesen [und] führen es seinem Ziel zu. (Schmidt 1974: 385) |
| a4 | Wie der Bergstrom ... (nicht) umkehrt, so gehen die Leben vorüber und kehren nicht wieder um. (Schmidt 1974: 273) |
| a6 | Es fragte der Buddha die Mönche: "Bei welchem Gespräch saßet ihr?" (Schmidt 1974: 378) |
| b1 | Sie fraßen sich nicht gegenseitig. (Schmidt 1974: 321) |
| b2 | Übel [ist] jetzt das Leben der Menschen, [aber] sie bringen nicht Lebensüberdruss hervor. (Schmidt 1974: 331) |
| b3 | Unter dem Nyagrodhabaum hielt er [scil. Araṇemi] sich ständig auf, dort trug er den Schülern das Gesetz vor. (Schmidt 1974: 110-1) |
| b4+ | Vertraut nicht auf das Leben! (Schmidt 1974: 174) |
| b5 | [Just] as the thread stretched here: as much as it is woven with the woof, so much smaller it becomes. (cf : ii, 7) (Peyrot 2013b: 708) |
| b5 | Wie hier der aufgezogene Faden, wie oft er mit dem Einschlag verwebt wird, (so oft gering[er] wird), so [ist] hier das Leben der Menschen, wieviele auch leben, im Vergehen der Tage und Monate wird es hinterher nur abgeschnitten. (Schmidt 1974: 207-8, 235) |
| b5+ | [Just] as a being here, being led to be killed: as many steps as it takes to the killing place [lit. cemetery], with so many it (approaches)301 death. So the life of humans (is destroyed). (cf : ii, 7) (Peyrot 2013b: 708) |
| b6 | Das Leben [der Menschen ist] schwierig [und] nur gering, und es ist mit Leid verbunden, aber die Wesen merken [es] nicht. (Schmidt 1974: 178) |
| b6+ | Wie der Stockstreich im Wasser vergeht in einem Augenblick, so vergeht das Leben der Menschen. (Schmidt 1974: 128) |
| b7 | Und plötzlich kommt Leid [und] Armut, schneidet die Hoffnung der Angehörigen ab [und] vernichtet alle Wünsche. (Schmidt 1974: 74-5, 164) |
Commentary
Parallel texts
| Cf. Ogihara 2011c |
Philological commentary
| This leaf, immediately following THT 1, contains strophes 87-98. The metre is 21, 21, 18, 13 syllables. The rhythm in a and b is 8/7/6; in c it is 9/9 (or 4/5, 4/5 respectively), in d it is 7/6. | |
| n1 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 25 fn. 5, 6; retke based on THT 2 b8. |
| n2 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 25 fn. 7-9. The word bhājanta was added by a different hand according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 25 fn. 11. |
| n3 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 25 fn. 12. |
| n4 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 25 fn. 14-17. |
| n5 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 26 fn. 1 and 2. |
| n6 | The akṣara <ska> in mrauskalñ= ersenträ was added by a different hand according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 26 fn. 3. |
| n7 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 26 fn. 4-6. |
| n8 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 26 fn. 7-10. |
| n9 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 26 fn. 11. |
| n10 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 26 fn. 12-16. |
| n11 | In the current reading pāda 93c violates the metre by one syllable. Maybe tättālñe has to be correceted to tättālñe. |
| n13 | Pāda 94b lacks two syllables at the end. |
| n14 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 27 fn. 2 und 3. |
| n15 | Emendation to ñare according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 27 fn. 4. Emendation to wāpatär according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 145. |
| n16 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 27 fn. 6. |
| n17 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 27 fn. 7 and 8. |
| n18 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 27 fn. 10 and 14. |
Remarks
| The original manuscript is missing, but was a complete leaf, severely damaged in places by insects. |
Linguistic commentary
| n12 | pältakwä for pältakw. |
|---|
References
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 8-9; Sieg and Siegling 1983: 25-27 notes 141-146
Translations
Carling 2000: a3 a4 (110), a5 (152), a6 (89), a7 (16, 101), b1 (281, 309), b3 (327), b3 b4 (178), b4 (179), b6 (117), b6 b7 (131), b8 (243, 281); Hackstein 1995: a4 a5 (133), b2 (47, 192f), b6 b7 (85), b7 (305); Krause 1952: a3 (204), a3 (207), a5 (205), a5 (207), a5 (28), a7 (204), b4 (185); Malzahn 2012b: a8 (158); Meunier 2013: b3 (147); Peyrot 2013b: a2 (709), a2 a3 (709), b5 (708), b5 b6 (708); Schmidt 1974: a1 a2 (100f, 128), a1 a2 (100-1, 128), a3 a4 (385), a4 (273), a6 (378), b1 (321), b2 (331), b3 (110f), b3 (110-1), b4 b5 (174), b5 (34 n.1c), b5 (207-8, 235), b6 (178), b6 b7 (128), b7 (74f, 164), b7 (74-5, 164); Sieg and Siegling 1949: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 (II, 5-8); Sieg and Siegling 1983: a5 (143), a6 (143), a8 (144), b3 (144), b8 (287); Thomas 1952: a2 (34); Thomas 1957: a5 a6 (36), a6 (82), a7 (30, 195), a8 b1 (48), b1 (31), b1 b2 (16), b3 (68), b6 (265); Thomas 1958: b4 b5 (303); Thomas 1965: a4 a5 (199); Thomas 1967a: a7 (70); Thomas 1968: a2 (227), a2 a3 (215), a2 a3 (221), a3 (199), a3 a4 (216), a4 (214), b5 (215), b5 b6 (216), b6 b7 (219), b6 b7 (229); Thomas 1969: b5 (241); Thomas 1969a: a3 a4 (321); Thomas 1969c: b5 (203); Thomas 1970: a1 (272), b1 b2 (270), b2 (270); Thomas 1970a: b5 (454); Thomas 1972: b5 (459); Thomas 1979b: a6 (18), b2 (57), b3 (57), b5 (29), b5 (35), b8 (40); Thomas 1983: a3 (22), a3 a4 (26), b8 (18); Thomas 1986: a5 (123); Thomas 1988: a6 (252); Thomas 1989: b5 (32), b6 (12); Thomas 1995: a1 (56), a5 (60), a5 (67), a7 (56); Thomas 1997: a2 (72)
Bibliography
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