THT 78
| Known as: | THT 78; B 78; Bleistiftnummer 2333 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Melanie Malzahn. "THT 78". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht78 (accessed 24 May 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Melanie Malzahn |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 79.30 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Araṇemijātaka |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Jātaka/Avadāna |
| Verse/Prose: | prose; verse |
| Meter: | 43435 (2x), 55 (1x), 43435 (1x); 46 (4x); 43434 (4x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | Araṇemi α |
| Preceding fragment: | THT 80 |
| Following fragment: | A 343 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 6 |
Images
Images from idp.bl.uk by courtesy of the International Dunhuang Project, the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Orientabteilung.
Transliteration
(continues from THT 80)
| a1 | ñi¯ ¯ś ñke : sū ñi yä rke śpā lme(·) ṣai pā ra mi tne ā yo rṣṣe mā no kulā ñpa lsko : krui ñke te te kā śa nmyeṃ ya ṣṣū ca¯ ¯ñä la reṃ śau lyñi ya ṣyeṃ tra sā wñi wro tstsa |
|---|---|
| a2 | ka tkau ña mā ca kra vā rt[ñ]e (– –) [ts](·) we s̝s̝aṃ sa swa sru ka lyñe meṃ tai sa ci kka ka lpā¯ ¯mm mā ṣnai ña ke ā yo rsa plā ca ksa sta || wa lo we s̝s̝aṃ la ri |
| a3 | ya ya ṣṣū caṃ tse k[a] (– – –) ○ krui ṅke cai ta ṅwaṃ ñe ñcä o ta ṅke ñi¯ ¯ś ysa pe ykā¯ ¯k• ka llā ta || o mno ña ke lā twra ntsai ke ka mu vi du ṣa |
| a4 | ke ka tkau ñai sa (– – – –) ○ (–) [ne] lā nta śwe s̝s̝aṃ || ṣa rta nī kai ne || cī meṃ tsre [la] ññe sa we kta rka no¯ ¯ymä ma ko yma rka lymi tsa cī |
| a5 | ña ṣṣī ma¯ (– – – – – – – – – – –) ma¯ ¯rcä : śwā tsi ne ṅka lyñī ci yu kṣī ñpa«¯» «¯»«st» k[ā] (– – – –) [ṣṣ]i¯ ¯m te maṃ twe ṣṣi¯ ¯m• sū ñi la rau ñe sa |
| a6 | /// sa wai pte : ā ñme no te yśi ma¯ ¯r wai ke we s[k]au (– – – –) ye ma ne a ra ṇe mi wa lo we s̝s̝aṃ |
| b1 | /// [w](·) s̝s̝aṃ a rai : tu kka ka ñi śau lpe rn(·) st(·) wai ke w(·) |
| b2 | /// rka ttse klau tkā wa mā twe ñi ka ṣṣi ma ske ta¯ ¯r twe |
| b3 | (– –) śm[ā] (– – – – – – – – –) mteṃ (– – – – – – – – – – – –) tkaṃ ṣe ske kā twe brā hma ṇeṃ mpa te pi ṅte sa kwī |
| b4 | (–) w(·) rpā [t](·) (– – – – – – –) [¯]ś e n[a] (– – – – – – – – – –) l[o] we s̝s̝aṃ brā hma ṇi śka ma kce pi ṅke ke ktse ñe kra rma |
| b5 | (–) klau tka [ñcä] (– – – –) (·)[l](·) ntsi : [krui] (– –) ki meṃ mā [pa] (– – – – – – – – –) śā na śra ṅkā rne || wai ke lā re yā mta rksa ṣe kso mo |
| b6 | (–) wai ke sa (– – – –) ś(·) kmai yyā (– – –) mñe pū dñä (– – – – – – – –) pkā rsa : o¯ ¯k[t] wro tstsa na nrai nta ne kl[u] tka ṣṣe ñca se |
(continues on A 343)
Transcription
(continues from THT 80)
| 1a | a1n1 ñiś ñke : |
|---|---|
| 1b | sū ñi yärke ; śpālme(ṃ) ṣai ; pāramitne ; āyorṣṣe ; mā no kulā-ñ palsko : |
| 1c | krui ñke tetekā ; śänmyeṃ yaṣṣūcañ |
| 1d | lareṃ śauly ñi ; yaṣyeṃträ ; sāw ñi wrotstsa ; a2katkauña ; mā cakravārtñe (॥) |
| * | (lān)ts(a) weṣṣäṃ saswa srukalyñemeṃ taisa ci kka kälpāmm mā ṣ nai ñake āyorsa plāc aksast{†ä} ॥ walo weṣṣäṃ lari¬ |
|---|---|
| a3 | yan2 yaṣṣūcaṃts eka(lymi) (nesau) krui ṅke cai täṅwaṃñeñ-cä ot{†ä} ṅke ñiś ysape ykā-k källāt{†ä} ॥ om no ñake lā{ṃ}t wrantsai kekamu viduṣa¬ |
| a4 | ke katkauñaisa – – – – – ne lāntaś weṣṣäṃ ॥ ṣartanīkaine ॥ |
| 1a | cīmeṃ tsreläññesa ; wek tarkanoym |
|---|---|
| 1b | makoymar kälymi{ṃ}tsa ; cī a5n3 ñaṣṣīma(r) (:) |
| 1c | – – – – – – ; – – – mar-c : |
| 1d | śwātsin= eṅkäly ñī ci ; yukṣī-ñ päst kā |
| 2a | – – – – ṣṣim ; te maṃt weṣṣim |
| 2b | sū ñi larauñesa ; a64σ |
| 2c | 6σ /// ; – sa waipte : |
| 2d | āñme no te= yśimar ; waike weskau |
| * | – – (keri)yemane araṇemi walo weṣṣäṃ |
|---|---|
| b1 | n4 /// w(e)ṣṣäṃ arai : tu kka ka ñi śaul pern(e) st(e) waike w(e)¬ |
| b2 | (ntsi)n4 /// rkattse klautkāwa mā twe ñi käṣṣi mäsketar twe |
| b3 | n5 – – ś mā – – – – – – – – – mteṃ – – – – – – – – – – – – tkaṃ ṣeske kā twe brāhmaṇeṃmpa t= epiṅte sak wī¬ |
| b4 | (na) w(ä)rpāt(ai) – – – – – – – ś ena – – – – – – – – – (wa)lo weṣṣäṃ brāhmaṇiśka mäkcepi ṅke kektseñe krarma¬ |
| b5 | (rtsa)n6n7 klautkañ-cä – – – – ·l·ntsi : krui (twe) (re)kimeṃ mā pä – – – – – – – – (॥) śānaśräṅkārne ॥ |
| 1a | waike lāre ; yāmtär ksa ; ṣek somob6(tkñe)n7n8 ; waikesa ; – – – – (:) |
|---|---|
| 1b | ś(a)k-maiyyā(ntse) ; (cämpa)mñe ; pūdñä(ktentse) ; – – – ; – – – 2σ pkārsa : |
| 1c | okt wrotstsana ; nraintane ; klutkäṣṣeñca ; se |
(continues on A 343)
Translation
(continues from THT 80)
| a1 | .... I ... now. This was the highest veneration for me. Also my mind would not relent towards the virtue (pāramitā) of munificence. If now suddenly petitioners came and asked me for my dear life, this would be a great |
|---|---|
| a2 | joy to me, not the dignity of the Cakravarti [= ruler over the world]. (1. The queen) speaks: “O lord! From death we have just received you back. Do not now speak a word of giving!” The king speaks: |
| a3 | “Dear! (I am in the po)wer of those that beg. Since if they are kind to you, then you will find me close [to you] all the same.” But there then the vidūṣaka (“jester”) came towards the king |
| a4 | [and] speaks with gladness ... to the king: || In [the tune] ṣartanīko || “Because of [my] separation from you I raised my voice [and] ran in [all] directions: For you |
| a5 | I longed! ... I ... you. [Only] my desire for food surpassed my [longing] for you. (1.) ... I ... So I spoke. This one out of love for me |
| a6 | ... except ... I myself, however, knew this: I lie.” (2.) ... laughing the king Araṇemi speaks: |
| b1 | .... (The vidūṣaka) speaks: “Hah! This then is my life [and my] joy: to lie." |
| b2 | ... [King Araṇemi:] I have become ... My teacher you are not! You ..." |
| b3 | ... not ... [The vidūṣaka:] "... alone ... Why have you enjoyed happiness and pleasure with the Brahmin |
| b4 | in the meantime?” ... (The ki)ng speaks: “Little Brahmin! Your own body will become |
| b5 | heavy for you .... If from the (wo)rd (you) don’t ... || In [the tune] śānaśräṅkār || If a person loves the lie [and] always even(ly) |
| b6 | through lies ... (the ability) of the Bud(dha possessing) the ten powers ... (this) [you shall] know! In the eight great hells this one letting become ... |
(continues on A 343)
Other
| a1+ | [Even] if now suddenly beggars came [and] begged for my dear life, this is [still] a great joy for me, not the cakravartin rank. (cf 99; 307) (Peyrot 2013b: 330) |
|---|---|
| a1+ | Wenn jetzt plötzlich Bittsteller kämen [und] mich um mein liebes Leben bäten, [so wäre] mir das eine große Freude (Schmidt 1974: 149) |
| a2 | And now don't utter a word about giving! (cf 308) (Peyrot 2013b: 352) |
| a4+ | Durch die Trennung von dir erhob ich die Stimme [und] irrte überall umher [wtl. lief in [alle] Richtungen]: Dich suchte ich! (Schmidt 1974: 275) |
| b4+ | Little brahmin, after all your body will become heavy for yourself! (Peyrot 2013b: 299) |
| b5+ | [Wenn] einer die Lüge liebt [und] immer gleichmäßig durch Lüge[n] ... (Schmidt 1974: 432-3) |
Commentary
Philological commentary
| The translation follows Schmidt 2001: 307-8. | |
| n1 | The meter of the no doubt metrical passage is 10|19|10|19 (5/5) and (7/7/5), according to the "Bleistiftnotizen" of Emil Sieg (see Thomas in Sieg and Siegling 1983: 234). The spelling yärke is probably due to copying from an older manuscript. Sloppy copying also lies behind the misspelled täṅwaṃñeñcä in a 3. |
| n2 | Peyrot 2010: 267f. rightly argues that one should keep the reading täṅwaṃñeñcä (pace Sieg/Siegling, who wanted to correct into plural täṅwaṃñeñcaṃ) due to syntactical reasons. His translation of the sentence is given here. For the spelling cf. the 3sg. with enclitic pronoun klautkañ-cä in b 5. |
| n3 | mar-c no doubt belongs to a 1sg.mid. imperfect form with enclitic pronoun of the 2nd person. Thomas in Sieg and Siegling 1983: 235 correctly doubts the restoration kā(wo) "desire" and hence the metrical division 10|10|10|11 by Sieg/Siegling (followed by Schmidt, l.c.) because the phrase "my longing for you" would rather require an allative. Thomas' interpretation of kā as a particle ending pāda 1d has not only the advantage of yielding a more regular meter of 4 x 10 syllables (6/4), but the sentence also makes much more sense than "my longing for you was greater than my desire for food" (thus Schmidt, l.c.). One would indeed rather expect a joke at the end of the strophe from the mouth of the king's jester than another flattering remark. To be sure, it is just such a lengthening of the final -a of the particle ka that is not uncommon at a pāda end (see basically Kosta 1988). Finally, what looks like pāda 2d in a6 also has to be separated into 6/4: āñme no te= yśimar ; waike weskau. What is problematic here is only the next pāda 2a, since the lacuna does not seem large enough for the missing five syllables, even if one assumes that the pāda end sign and (possibly) number after kā was left out; the first 6-syllable colon certainly ended with the unclear 1sg. imperfect form in -ṣṣim. However, it is possible that an akṣara was left out (and later added) by the copyist, exactly as in päst in the same line. |
| n4 | Sieg/Siegling propose to restore the 1sg. we(skau), Schmidt (l.c.) prefers the infinitive we(ntsi). Both are possible. |
| n5 | Schmidt (l.c.) seems to interpret kā as the emphasizing particle ka and not as the interrogative pronoun kā (as is usually done), but since we do not seem to have a metrical passage, the long ā cannot be explained. |
| n6 | Very tentatively, the inf. l(a)ntsi "to go out" may be restored here. The remains of a 〈la〉 (not in Sieg/Siegling) as second part of an akṣara before the ntsi seem quite certain to me. Maybe one can also restore pä(st) "back, away" at the next lacuna "if you do not step/take back/away from the word vel sim.". |
| n7 | The meter has 4 x 18 (7/7/4) syllables (Sieg/Siegling). |
| n8 | Restoration according to Thomas in Sieg and Siegling 1983: 235, who also tentatively proposes (te maṃt) pkārsa "Know this!" at the end of the pāda. Thomas' restoration seems to be followed by Schmidt, l.c., to judge from the latter's translation. |
Remarks
| Larger parts of the verso, including the leaf number, are missing. |
Alternative linguistic/paleographic classifications
| Tamai 2011 | C5 |
| Tamai 2011 | C14 |
References
Miscellaneous
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1953: 17-18
Translations
Carling 2000: a4 a5 (106); Couvreur 1954c: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 (99-100); Hackstein 1995: a5 (99); Peyrot 2013b: a1 a2 (330), a2 (352), a3 (328, 373), b4 b5 (299); Schmidt 1974: a1 a2 (149), a4 a5 (275), b5 (432f), b5 b6 (432-3); Schmidt 2001: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 (307-308); Sieg and Siegling 1983: a2 (234); Thomas 1952: a4 (55); Thomas 1954: a5 (760); Thomas 1957: a1 (218), a2 (201), b3 (241); Thomas 1958: a2 (302); Thomas 1970a: a1 a2 (465); Thomas 1979b: a1 a2 (60), a2 (46)
Bibliography
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktion der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Couvreur, Walter. 1954c. “Koetsjische literaire fragmenten uit de Berlijnse verzameling (naar aanleiding van Sieg & Siegling’s Tocharische Sprachreste).” Handelingen VIII der Zuidnederlandse Maatschappij voor Taal- en Letterkunde en Geschiedenis, 97–117.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Kosta, Peter. 1988. “Zur Bedeutung der unterschiedlichen Schreibungen der Vokale a/ā, u/ū, i/ī im Auslaut der toch. B-Wörter (an Hand der MQ- und MQR-Texte).” In Studia Indogermanica et Slavica. Festgabe für Werner Thomas zum 65. Geburtstag, edited by Peter Kosta, Gabriele Lerch, and Peter Olivier, 153–73. München: Sagner.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2010. “The Tocharian subjunctive.” PhD, Leiden.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 2001. “Die westtocharische Version des Araṇemi-Jātakas in deutscher Übersetzung.” In De Dunhuang à Istanbul. Hommage à James Russell Hamilton, edited by Louis Bazin and Peter Zieme, 299–327. Silk Road Studies 5. Turnhout: Brepols.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1953. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B, Heft 2. Fragmente Nr. 71-633. Edited by Werner Thomas. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1983. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B. Teil I: Die Texte. Band 1. Fragmente Nr. 1-116 der Berliner Sammlung. Edited by Werner Thomas. Neubearbeitet und mit einem Kommentar nebst Register versehen v. Werner Thomas. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2011. Paläographische Untersuchungen zum B-Tocharischen. Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 138. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen.
Thomas, Werner. 1952. Die tocharischen Verbaladjektive auf -l. Deutsche Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Institut für Orientforschung 9. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
Thomas, Werner. 1954. “Die Infinitive im Tocharischen.” In Asiatica. Festschrift Friedrich Weller. Zum 65. Geburtstag, gewidmet von seinen Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern, edited by Johannes Schubert and Ulrich Schneider, 701–64. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1958. “Zum Gebrauch des prohibitiven mar bzw. mā im Tocharischen.” Central Asiatic Journal 3: 289–308.
Thomas, Werner. 1970a. “Zu einigen Besonderheiten der tocharischen Syntax.” Orbis 19: 452–72.
Thomas, Werner. 1979b. Formale Besonderheiten in metrischen Texten des Tocharischen: Zur Verteilung von B tane/tne “hier” und B ñake/ñke “jetzt”. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 15. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
