THT 16
| Known as: | THT 16; B 16; B 16a; B 16b; Bleistiftnummer 3328 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Hannes A. Fellner. "THT 16". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht16 (accessed 15 Mar. 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Hannes A. Fellner |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 101 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Udānālaṅkāra |
| Passage: | Book 8 (Vācāvarga), strophes 20b-28. |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Doctrine |
| Verse/Prose: | verse |
| Meter: | 554443 (4x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | Udānālaṅkāra A |
| Preceding fragment: | THT 15 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 8 |
Images
Images from idp.bl.uk by courtesy of the International Dunhuang Project, the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Orientabteilung.
Transliteration
(continues from THT 15)
| a1 | /// ṣmy[e] nā ki kre n[ta]ṃ śā mna ś[m]ā tu wa lke tswe ta rnta /// /// ·[ñ]· – [rka] rmeṃ – – – |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// [ṅ]ka mpe ṣe l· nā ki ṣṣe ta rka rmeṃ 20 ṣu kkau ntsa po /// |
| a3 | /// yta ri nne : we k·[e] pa cca pa pi śtoṃ ślo ka nma pu dñä kt· /// /// [w]· [ke] [e] mp[r]eṃ ne mc·[¯] [¯k] ñe /// |
| a4 | /// tā ka tte tne we ṣṣe ñca wno lme nrai ne y[a] nno kuse /// /// k[ca] me ln[e] – [n]e [ś]·e ·ai – |
| a5 | /// [ño] s̝a ai na [k]· – – – mni : e ṅwe ntse ta ne te te mo ṣe pi pe re tko /// /// ma ne [nts]e ce – – – – |
| a6 | /// [w] (–) o lmeṃ ā ltsi yo lo meṃ 20 2 kuse no na kṣa lye wno lme pa llā tra ce nra [na] kṣta rkuse pa /// /// ¯k mā ra me¯ – – – – – |
| a7 | /// la [n]e [:] [to] tkā yä rm·e ··e ka re¯ ¯p wno lme ntse kuse ma ṅke tra pr«a» ·e – – – – ñai /// |
| a8 | /// ni ra – – – – (–) ryā ka [ṣka]¯ ¯s pi śtai sā /// |
| b1 | /// [t]ko – – – – – – sti t[ā¯] [¯u] śtwa rā tsa na /// |
| b2 | /// s· [pa] lṣi ka rsa [m]· ce¯ ¯u pyo¯ ¯p tī rthe ṣṣai we rtsyai ne [:] – – – – śts· /// |
| b3 | /// [¯ts] t[s]a ṅka śrā va sti ne pā kau ntsa nte tu yā mtsi : tsa ṅkā me we ñye ka ll· ntse ṣa rmtsa /// /// [a] llo kno [l]· – – – – |
| b4 | /// ñ[e] [sā]¯ ¯u – – – ri ṣai wñā rā lyai ko we sno tā u : ka wa¯ ¯[m] ṣa ñṣa r (–) /// /// [ts]r[e] [rme] ne : klyau – – – – |
| b5 | /// [¯cä] ma sa lā nte twā kṣa au rtse sa : ña ṣṣa po ti /// /// 20 6 yā t[ka] [m]e wa – ·[y]u |
| b6 | /// kke ññeṃ tso tsa (–) ya rke po yśi ntse : tu ypa rwe [w]e /// /// ·[ā] ka [tt]e w[ai] ke tne we s̝s̝aṃ wa |
| b7 | /// ntpi nrai ne ta[n]ma ske ntra : pa rwe ṣṣe ślo kne ce ye¯ ¯s ā /// /// [n]e m[c]e [kta] nma [stra] |
| b8 | /// ṣe mā tri ke ktse ñmeṃ : ce wsa ka rsnā tra lyka ś[k]e – e ṣa· – /// /// [pā] [ta] [rmā] [ta] – – – |
Transcription
(continues from THT 15)
| * | (pernent) (wnolmene) pātär mātä(r) (ṣpä) (rerinormeṃ) |
|---|
Translation
(continues from THT 15)
| a1 | [20b] .... [20c] |
|---|---|
| a1 | ... slander and blame to good men this does not stick for long. |
| a1+ | From the cloud ... ... (he will), together with the community, ermerge from the cloud of blame. |
| a2 | [20d] |
| a2+ | For seven days all ... on all paths loudly proclaim the five strophes (of the) Buddha ... |
| a3 | ... lie [as] truth certainly ... |
| a4 | ... [21d], |
| a4 | ... then the being speaking an unfounded thing here goes to hell. Also who ... |
| a4+ | ... in the (other) birth ... (both are indeed named the same: |
| a5 | ... two people of low kind. For in the mouth) of the man here born an axe (develops with which he cuts into his own flesh) when he says [slander]. |
| a5+ | (This second strophe spoke the Omniscient) to keep the being away from evil: |
| a6 | [22d] |
| a6 | For who praises a reprehensible being, but blames those that are (praiseworthy) ... not suddenly ... in [the] (births). |
| a7 | Only [of] minor [relevance is] here the injury of a being, who loses (...) |
| a8 | ([A] hundred thousand) and thirty-six Nirar(budas) and also five (Arbudas) [in the hells] ... |
| b1 | ... (the city Śrāva)stī fourfold ... |
| b2 | ... (pricking up our ears), let us know of them, enter the assembly of the Tīrthas ... |
| b3 | [25d] |
| b3 | ... he arose. In Śrāvastī they began to take part in it. Among them the talk arose: For the sake of profit ... Also another one ... |
| b4 | ... this was (indeed Sunda)rī. Others said: We, however, killed her (with) [our] own hand ... ... (and threw her ?) into the moat. ([This] the man) heard, |
| b5 | [26d] |
| b5 | (he went to the minister [and]) (reported all to him. The minister went and reported this) to the king in [its] breadth. (The king) summoned all Tīrthas ... (they told the truth to the king). |
| b5+ | (The king) ordered (to ban them from the whole country. |
| b6 | It disappeared) (the cloud above the Śākya-sons, [and]) reverence for the Omniscient increased. Concerning this (he proclaimed the five strophes (before) the envious [ones] and the spiteful [ones], to restrain [their] mind and tongue). |
| b6+ | The one here speaks a lie without reason, (the second does a bad deed. |
| b7 | [27d] |
| b7 | Both) are [re]born in hell. In the first strophe you shall recognize this meaning: (The first by his lie is [re]born in hell, the second by his erring. |
| b7+ | A human) is certainly born (together) (with such a tongue-axe, born from the) mother’s body. |
| b8 | With it he cuts off fine (there himself)... (With a dignified being that, having left) mother [and] father ... |
Other
| a1 | ... üble Nachrede [und] Tadel, [aber] aber an guten Menschen haftet das eben nicht lange. (Schmidt 1974: 283) |
|---|---|
| a6+ | Wer nämlich ein tadelnswertes Wesen lobt, hingegen diejenigen tadelt, welche (lobenswert) [sind] ... (der findet) [so] bald nicht (Glück) in [seinen] Geburten. (Schmidt 1974: 171-2) |
| a7 | Nur gering [ist] hier dieser Verlust eines Wesens, das im Würfelspiel(?) verliert. (Schmidt 1974: 109) |
| b5 | (Der König) beschied alle Tī(rthas) zu sich, ... sie sagten dem König die Wahrheit. (Schmidt 1974: 153) |
| b6+ | (Der eine) spricht hier (un)begründet eine Lüge aus, der zwei(te tut böse Tat.) Beide werden in der Hölle [wieder-]geboren: (Schmidt 1974: 106) |
| b7+ | (Der geborene Mensch) wird bestimmt zusammen mit solcher Zungenaxt aus dem Leibe der Mutter geboren. Durch sie zerstückelt er (hier) sich (selbst). (Schmidt 1974: 313) |
Commentary
Parallel texts
| Uv 8.1-8.5, THT 18 |
Philological commentary
| Since the writing is severely attrited now the transliteration and transcription is based on Sieg and Siegling 1983: 43f. | |
| This leaf immediately follows THT 15 and THT 18 and is the next but one after THT 17. It includes strophes 20b-28 and THT 18 includes strophes 26-32, both of the Vācāvarga (VIII) in a 4x25 syllable–metre (rhythm 5/5/8/7). Thus both leaves are identical for strophes 26-28. The great gaps in strophe 20 – from the second line the beginning (11 syllables) is missing as is the entire line 3 – do not allow us to clearly see the connection to the following. However, verse Uv VIII 1, quoted in a4, is identical to Dhp 302, and the commentary to Dhp tells the story of the murder of the nun Sundarī, which was passed off by the Tīrthas as Buddha’s concubine and which they later had murdered in order to blame the killing on the Buddha and his community. Due to the king’s intervention, however, the real murderers are discovered and the Tīrthas are punished, while the reverence for the Buddha is even growing. For a translation and further references cf. Burlingame 1921, III: 189ff. The fact that also in our version this story is also associated with Uv VIII 1 is attested to by strophes 25ff., which apparently are dealing with the solving of the crime. The name Sundarī, too, seems to be preserved in the fragment. | |
| n2 | (tä)rkarmeṃ amended according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 28 fn. 3. |
| n4 | l(aṃ) amended according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 28 fn. 5. |
| n6 | pudñäkt(entse) amended according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 26 fn. 10. |
| n8 | (alye)k supplemented according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 28 fn. 12; (e)neś(l)e (t)ai (wewe)ñoṣä amended and corrected according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 168. |
| n10 | ainak(e-ykne tai śā)mni amended and supplemented according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 168f.; ko(yne tänmasträ no) supplemented according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 27 fn. 4.; (cewsa |ṣañ |āñm kärnātär :) supplemented based on THT 18 a5; (weske)manentse supplemented by Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 27 fn. 5; wace ślok weña supplemented according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 169. |
| n12 | (poyśi) supplemented according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 169; pä(llālyi) supplemented according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 28 fn. 17; (sa)k supplemented according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 27 fn. 7. |
| n14 | The reading pra corrected by deletion of the e-sign according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 43 fn. 21. |
| n15 | (cme)lane supplemented according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 28 fn. 19. |
| n16 | (känte-yätsenma) nir(arbudänta) supplemented and corrected according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 27 fn. 9; taisā(k) amended according to Hackstein et al. 2014: 74f. |
| n17 | (śrāva)sti supplemented according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 28 fn. 26. |
| n19 | (klaut)s(a) supplemented according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 28 fn. 1; karsa(r)-m(e) amended according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 28 fn. 2. |
| n21 | (no sunda)ri supplemented according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 28 fn. 4; klyau(ṣa sū śaumo) supplemented based on THT 18 a1. |
| n22 | The end of this line is transliterated as /// 26 yātkame wa – ·ynby Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 29, but restored after THT 18 as 26 yātkame walo lyutsi. In fact, ·ynis wrong. The correct reading is ·yu(in view of the similary of u and n in the Latin script, this is probably a printing error). |
| n23 | (mas= āmācimśco po tw akṣāne amā)c supplemented based on THT 18 a1; ti(rtheṃ walo) supplemented according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 28 fn. 7; (wñāre empreṃ lāntäśco) and wa(lo l)yu(tsi) supplemented based on THT 18 a2. |
| n25 | (po ypoymeṃ wīka tarkär śa)kkeññeṃtso tsa(ma) supplemented based on THT 18 a2; we(ña piś toṃ ślokanma entseṣṣeṃts rsercentse ; palsko kantwa prāmässiś : ṣe at)ākatte supplemented based on THT 18 a2 and a3; wa(te) supplemented based on THT 18 a3. |
| n27 | (yāmṣäṃ yolaiṃ yāmor ā)ntpi and ā(rth pkarsas ṣe waikesa nraine tänmastär wate ṣañ triśalñesa 27 śaumo tetemu) supplemented according to THT 18 a3. |
| n29 | (käṃtwāṣe ceu peretämpa ; e)ṣesupplemented based on THT 18 a4; (tn)e ṣa(ñ añm) (śamñana : pernent wnolmene) supplemented based on THT 18 a5; mātä(r ṣpä rerinormeṃ) supplemented according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 29 fn. 1. |
Remarks
| Two fragments of a leaf of Manuscript A, one being the severely damaged and incomplete rest of the left side, the other a small remnant of the right bottom corner, equally badly damaged with the writing attrited. |
Linguistic commentary
| n1 | neṣmye for neṣamye. |
|---|---|
| n3 | nākiṣṣe for nakiṣṣe; ṣuk for ṣukt. |
| n5 | ytarinne for ytārine. |
| n7 | tne for tane. |
| n9 | eṅwentse for eṅkwentse |
| n11 | sak for sakw. |
| n13 | tne for tane. |
| n18 | ceu for cau. |
| n20 | weñye for weñiye. |
| n24 | tne for tane; śakkeññeṃtso for śakkeññeṃts. |
| n26 | āntpi for antapi. |
| n28 | tne for tane; cewsa for causa. |
Alternative linguistic/paleographic classifications
| Tamai 2011 | C5 |
| Tamai 2011 | C14 |
References
Online access
IDP: THT 16a, THT 16b; TITUS: THT 16
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 27-29; Sieg and Siegling 1983: 42-44 notes 167-170; Hackstein et al. 2014: 65-82
Translations
Carling 2000: a1 (77, 230), a4 (143, 243), a5 (204), a6 a7 (244), b7 (142); Hackstein 1995: a6 (65, 214), b2 (136), b4 (53); Hackstein et al. 2014: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 (65-82); Krause 1952: a6 (38), b2 (32); Meunier 2013: b3 (130-131, 150), b6 (163); Peyrot 2013b: a7 (712); Schmidt 1974: a1 (283), a1 a2 (153), a4 a5 (313f), a6 (19 n.4), a6 a7 (171f), a6 a7 (171-2), a7 (109), b5 (153), b6 b7 (106), b7 b8 (313); Sieg and Siegling 1949: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 (II, 26-28); Thomas 1952: a6 (27); Thomas 1954: a5 a6 (751), a6 (721), b5 (732), b6 (752); Thomas 1957: b3 (113), b4 (113, 184), b6=B18a2 (166); Thomas 1967b: a6 (22), a6 (26); Thomas 1979b: a4 (27), a5 (16), a7 (30), b6 (32); Thomas 1983: a4 (23)
Bibliography
Burlingame, Eugene W. 1921. Buddhist legends. Translated from the original Pali text of the Dhammapada commentary. Vol. I: Introduction; Synopses; Translation of Books 1 and 2; Vol. II: Translation of Books 3 to 12; Vol. III: Translation of Books 13 to 26. The Harvard Oriental Studies 28-30. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktion der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Hackstein, Olav, Hiromi Habata, and Christoph Bross. 2014. “Tocharische Texte zur Buddhalegende I: Die Geschichte von der Nonne Sundarī B15–18.” Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft 68: 31–99.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Krause, Wolfgang. 1952. Westtocharische Grammatik, Band I. Das Verbum. Heidelberg: Winter.
Meunier, Fanny. 2013. “Typologie des locutions en yām- du tokharien.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 14: 123–85.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1949. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B, Heft 1. Die Udānālaṅkāra-Fragmente. Text, Übersetzung und Glossar. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1983. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B. Teil I: Die Texte. Band 1. Fragmente Nr. 1-116 der Berliner Sammlung. Edited by Werner Thomas. Neubearbeitet und mit einem Kommentar nebst Register versehen v. Werner Thomas. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2011. Paläographische Untersuchungen zum B-Tocharischen. Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 138. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen.
Thomas, Werner. 1952. Die tocharischen Verbaladjektive auf -l. Deutsche Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Institut für Orientforschung 9. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
Thomas, Werner. 1954. “Die Infinitive im Tocharischen.” In Asiatica. Festschrift Friedrich Weller. Zum 65. Geburtstag, gewidmet von seinen Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern, edited by Johannes Schubert and Ulrich Schneider, 701–64. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1967b. “Besteht ein formaler Unterschied zwischen N. und Obl. Sg. m. bei den wtoch. Verbaladjektiven?” Die Sprache 13: 20–30.
Thomas, Werner. 1979b. Formale Besonderheiten in metrischen Texten des Tocharischen: Zur Verteilung von B tane/tne “hier” und B ñake/ñke “jetzt”. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 15. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
Thomas, Werner. 1983. Der tocharische Obliquus im Sinne eines Akkusativs der Richtung. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 6. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
