ñem

Cite this page as:	"ñem". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_B_ñem (accessed 14 Feb. 2026).
Meaning:	“name”
Word class:	noun
Language:	TB
Equivalent in TA:	ñom
Lexeme variants:	ñem; ñemä; ñemo
Number:	singular
Case:	nominative; accusative
Gender:	alternating
Inflection class:
Nom. sg. (masc.):	-Ø
Obl. sg. (masc.):	-Ø
Nom. pl. (masc.):	-na

Paradigm

	sg	pl	du
nom	ñem
voc
acc	ñem
gen
loc
comit
inst
abl
perl	ñemtsa
all
caus

Lexeme family

• ñem “name” n

  	sg
  nom	ñem
  acc	ñem
  perl	ñemtsa

  • ñem-kälywe “fame, renown” msg

    	sg
    nom	ñem-kälywe
    acc	ñem-kälywe

    • ñem-kälyweṣṣe “pertaining to fame/renown”

      	sg.m
      nom	ñem-kälyweṣṣe
      acc	ñem-kälyweṣṣe

    • ñem-kälywetstse “having fame, good reputation”

      	sg.m
      acc	ñem-kälywecce

Occurrences

ñemä

1	PK AS 9A a7	päkṣälle se ṣälype dhanik	ñemä	• panāksa yokäll(e) ///
2	PK AS 9A b6	• se ṣälype pañcakavvi	ñemä	• kapille(ne) /// b7
3	PK NS 30 b3	/// keṃ amāṃṣṣe brahmaśīrä	ñemä	asträ oṅkolmāñ ka° ///
4	THT 2676 JOIN a5	a5 /// (ṣä)lyve māhādīktakä	ñemä	/// a6 /// rmäntse
5	THT 4122 a3	1 se curnä naracakä	ñemä	• /// a4 ///
6	W 38 a3	mā – – – – – – – a3 tail	ñemä	॥ t(a)m(a)lapāträ • varaṅga(tva)cä

ñemo

1	PK AS 12D a2	yärṣälleścä • snai ttuwerñe	ñemo	• yätkaskemane nanāträ •
2	THT 74 b2	; ṣmemane : kṣemaṅkar	ñemo	; dīpaṅkar poyśi ;
3	THT 497 a1	– – – – – – – – s· – ntak	ñemo	॥ jīvanti • c·

ñem

1	IOL Toch 5 b2	kca ; cmelane ;	ñem	ra klyaussi ; kälpāwa
2	IOL Toch 18 a3	attsaik ñi śakkeṃts naktsi	ñem	käl(yw)e /// a4 ///
3	IOL Toch 53 a3	·e /// a3	ñem	– poñc tesa ///
4	IOL Toch 80 a1	a1 ///	ñ(e)m	cewne pälsko tāy yaipū
5	IOL Toch 127 a2	rājagrine mäskīträ • dhanike	ñem	ṣamāne • aa3jātaśatruñ lānte
6	IOL Toch 133 b2	y· – /// b2	ñem	wrātalñe ṣärmats(e) /// b3
7	IOL Toch 160 a3	/// lakṣaṃ pelaiknenta skente	ñem	po /// a4 ///
8	IOL Toch 192 b3	/// b3 /// ne	ñem	amācäntampa /// b4 ///
9	IOL Toch 195 b5	b5 – tiskandhāk ;	ñem	parichedä : 10 ///
10	IOL Toch 208 b5	b5 /// °nmaṃts krui	ñem	tākoy śaiṣṣe /// b6
11	IOL Toch 216 a1	/// ·s· – jayasene	ñem	a2 /// – kentsa
12	IOL Toch 247 b2	• pañäktentse procer nānde	ñem	• krui sāṅne yapi
13	IOL Toch 405 a4	/// a4 /// ceu	ñem	– /// b1
14	IOL Toch 800 b2	/// °k· : śākyamuni	ñe(m)	/// b3 /// ·emi
15	IOL Toch 998 b3	ktsaitsäñ(ñe) /// b3 l··o	ñem	ersna ṣkas yälloñ takälñe
16	Is-002-ZS-Q-01 a2	a2 tsa ṣamaiweśke citratewe	ñem	śka śem tuntse ṣotri
17	Or 8212.163 a1	ro – se ñke	ñem	; speltkessont täṃne ///
18	Or 8212.163 a2	4σ ///	ñem	; tākā ñī se
19	Or 8212.163 a2	; akälṣle 9 artā(dha)ne	ñem	; ṣuktänte no ;
20	PK AS 6A b4	b4 se tāka ;	ñ(e)m	dharmarūci 10-3 asaṃkh(y)ai (ka)l;p(an)m(a)n(e)
21	PK AS 6B a5	ceu a5 prekene nande	ñem	; poyśintse mātärsa procer
22	PK AS 6D a5	a5 – (pipralīkasā)re	ñem	; śrāvastine brāhmaṇe ;
23	PK AS 7K a1	aṅk· m· ṣk= anusāriṇī	ñem	kuse yenti – – wrentane
24	PK AS 7M b2	yke-postäṃ • 20-5 śastrak	ñem	yenti ; m(e)skeṃ klautkeṃ
25	PK AS 7M b3	yl(ā)re (k)lutkäskeṃ 20-6 astabhek	ñem	; yenti āsta mrestīwe
26	PK AS 7M b3	srukemane ktsaiceṃts • koṣṭhaśāy(a)	ñem	; yenti b4
27	PK AS 7M b4	lau (kä)r(kna)ske(ṃ) • kukṣiśayaṃ	ñem	; yenty e° b5
28	PK AS 7M b6	/// – saṃkhārttak	ñem	; yenti śa –
29	PK AS 16.3 b5	; – (yṣūwarka)ñe :	ñem	ra postaṃ(ñ)e cai ;
30	PK AS 16.7 b6	īte yamu-c mā :	ñem	ñiś b7 ///
31	PK AS 17A b1	(pūrvavedīd)v(ī)pn(e) mäsk(e)ñca ñ(a)kt(e) pūrv(o)ttare	ñem	y· – ś(ar)k(a) ploriy(ai)sa
32	PK AS 17G a3	śem kus(e) ra tsa	ñem	onolmeṃts kurpelle vairu(ḍ)i ///
33	PK AS 17I a2	lkāskemane priyentse ṣer priyarati	ñem	somyaratiṃa3ś weṣṣäṃ ॥ yakwene
34	PK Bois B1 a3	• ṣe • waśaṃpile	ñem	• ś·
35	PK Bois B11 a2	ma(ṃ)t pyām śamāśke molyoke	ñem	wate
36	PK NS 30 b1	• mār-ñäkte carka mohaṃ	ñem	āsträ – /// b2
37	PK NS 30 b2	– /// b2 ///	ñem	kaklāwau nāge āñmä myāskate
38	PK NS 35 b4	/// – pañäktäṃ(ñepi) (pe)rnentse	ñem	kā° ///
39	PK NS 53 a6	• akwam pere ra	ñe(m)	(ersna) – – – – – – – – – b1 ttalle
40	PK NS 53 b5	pīle b5 yāmu ra	ñem	er(sn)a (•) peṭāläntse koyñi
41	PK NS 59 a1	a1 ///	ñ(e)m	prasenaji lān(te) /// a2
42	SI P 139.d a3	sa° /// a3 purṇāśä	ñem	śamaśkeṃ tsukälemeṃn tärkāte tuṃtse
43	THT 1 b6	b6 /// (jātiśroṇe)	(ñem)	(brāhmaṇe) ; (tsäṅkoṣ) (sklone)
44	THT 2 b4	/// 21σ (jāti)śroṇe	ñem	brāhmaṇe tsäṅkoṣ b5
45	THT 3 a7	akṣā-m= aurtsesa : (kau)ravye	ñem	wa(lo) (ṣai) ; – – – – – –
46	THT 3 a7	; – – – – – – 6σ supratiṣṭhit	ñem	nigrot (ṣai) ; stanāṃts
47	THT 12 a3	/// 4σ 5σ ///	ñem	su ; wrotse rṣāke
48	THT 15 a2	cmela saṃsārmpa ; (dveṣe)	(ñem)	(se) ; a3
49	THT 17 a3	5σ 11σ /// ·e	ñem	se ; pudñäktentse ;
50	THT 18 a6	7σ 14σ /// ;	ñem	ra klyaussi ; mā
51	THT 19 a3	ṣai ksa ; hastake	ñem	; ostmeṃ ltu sū
52	THT 19 b1	peñyai ; śāsants(e) – –	(ñe)m	kälywene sāṅkä källā(ṣṣäṃ) – –
53	THT 21 b3	(ā)lyaucemp= ā;lokälymi 50-8 padmakesar	ñem	; 7σ /// ///
54	THT 23 a1	(te)a1mtsante yñakteṃ 10-4 upoṣathe	ñem	; tāka ñakte ;
55	THT 30 b6	westär ; b6 darśanamārk	ñem	• śak piś kṣananm=
56	THT 30 b6	pīś āntsi ; dharmacākkär	ñem	30-1 kauc ette klut;taṅkentär
57	THT 31 b1	poyśints= ākalṣle ; traividye	ñem	; arhānte msketär •
58	THT 81 a2	ṣañ āñm atsaik ;	ñem	araṇea3mi • yāmṣate ñiśś
59	THT 81 a4	rmoytär : su {k→t}e	ñem	walo ; yāmṣate ñīśś
60	THT 89 b5	säsweṃtse araṇemiñ lānte ṣpä	ñem	śauśäṃ ॥ dravyaśvare käryo(r)tt(au)
61	THT 92 b2	/// – – – – (pos)taññe ;	ñem	mā =ṣāṃ ste ;
62	THT 108 b2	rājarṣi ṣey ; gaye	ñem	; om mäskeñca ;
63	THT 108 b3	• ga b3 yāśirṣ	ñem	; täṅkwaññe ; omteṃ
64	THT 109 b2	salāte-ne • kucatākmeṃ ṣa=	ñem	ette ṣallāte • cau-k
65	THT 110 a3	māgadha /// a3 kolite	ñem	kālpśkaṃ • tu ///
66	THT 111 a2	/// a2 /// (brahma)datte	ñ(e)m	walo ta /// a3
67	THT 123 b3	40 ॥ (rājavṛ)tt(i)n(e) p(a)ścānu(tāpa)	(ñem)	/// b4 sārga śkänte
68	THT 144 a3	/// a3 /// vṛtti	ñem	sargga śkänte 10 ॥
69	THT 151 a1	a1 ·tu	ñem	• sek pratītyasa ///
70	THT 151 b4	me /// b4 pādāṃ	ñem	tu ñake avidyä ///
71	THT 151 b5	avidyä /// b5 jñāṃ	ñem	• kuse jarāmaraṃ ñem
72	THT 151 b5	ñem • kuse jarāmaraṃ	ñem	te /// b6 –
73	THT 156 b2	• nāmarūpaniro(dhāt) (ṣaḍā)yatananirodha (•)	(ñem)	(ersnaṃ)ts prutkālñemeṃ ṣkas yälloñ
74	THT 157 b1	b1 /// dhāt •	ñem	ersna kselñeme(ṃ) • ṣaḍāyatananirodhaḥ
75	THT 158 a1	a1 /// jarā(maraṃ)	(ñem)	ste – – – t tona
76	THT 158 a4	āntsi saṃ – r	ñem	kuse śä° /// a5
77	THT 158 b6	tākan-ne – – ntsi ṣaḍ(āya)taṃ	ñem	///
78	THT 170 b4	b4 pälskontse śtartte saṃnipāt	ñem	dra /// b5 sparśakāyinta
79	THT 174 b7	– – – – – tär maṃnt vipāk	ñem	vastu ///
80	THT 183 b1	b1 /// m(e)ṃ allek	ñem	mā tākoy nāmalaṃba b2
81	THT 192 a3	aultsuwa sū ṣe manāyataṃ	ñem	kuse dharmadhātu sū dharmāyataṃ
82	THT 192 a3	kuse dharmadhātu sū dharmāyataṃ	ñem	toṃ takāre a4 śak
83	THT 199 b4	reki saṃvṛttisa ste ।	ñem	parāmārth ste ÷ parinivṛtasya
84	THT 238 b1	onuwaṃñe sāṃtke ramt :	ñem	wat kälp(ā)wa-c klyauṣtsi b2
85	THT 277 b1	; mäṅkorñes(a) ; b1	ñem	aitsī ; mā ṣ
86	THT 296 a8	(twe) ; (saṃci)te ;	ñem	ṣait kāa9lśke • p(a)ryariṣṣai
87	THT 297.a a2	tr(i)cepi ākesa twe saṃcite	ñem	ṣ· t· a3 (kā)lśk(e)
88	THT 329 b4	– b4 /// tti	ñem	pāyti āra 6 ॥
89	THT 330 a1	ṣemeykne pāyti ॥ abhyākhāṃ	ñem	payti āra 9 ॥
90	THT 330 a4	wa /// a4 strisahagamaṃ	ñem	pāyti āra 10 ॥
91	THT 348 b2	/// b2 /// ke	ñem	śauśäṃ /// b3 ///
92	THT 349 b5	temtsate /// b5 ///	ñem	tässānte ॥ tāw no
93	THT 358.a a2	/// a2 /// (brahma)datte	ñem	walo ṣai sū no
94	THT 358.a a2	lac omte wartone śarabhe	ñe(m)	/// a3 /// (e)piṅtene
95	THT 371 a4	/// a4 /// te	ñem	ṣey marici /// a5
96	THT 404 a2	a2 18σ ; d·ānusmṛti	ñem	; paricchet{†ä} : 6
97	THT 424 b7	/// b7 agāmnta ṣañ	ñem	ram (n)o /// b8
98	THT 428 a1	a1 /// yomārg	ñ(e)m	wareññe /// a2 ///
99	THT 496 a1	(ci)sa noṣ ; śomo	ñ(e)m	a2 (wno)lme ;
100	THT 497 a5	se ṣalype sāṃtke samasattu	ñem	• – – mä ok
101	THT 522 b1	– – su – murä	ñ(e)m	kr· – – ··s· ·m·
102	THT 545 b2	• namā • b2	ñem	skhalitani • triśälyñenta •
103	THT 569 a2	t·me p·· – saṃ	ñ(e)m	ersna ṣpä a3 ///
104	THT 571 b7	(i)kene riye tākaṃ räti	ñem{†ä}	vaiśra /// 2σ
105	THT 594 b5	/// ·s· wat no	ñem	klyauṣtsi n· – mai
106	THT 597 b4	: aiśaumyi no ;	ñem	yärmo ; tättār(m)eṃ ;
107	THT 630 b5	/// b5 /// minta	ñem	• śaul śa –
108	THT 1104 a1	/// /// ṣañ	{ñ}em	/// /// (narkäṣäly)ñ(e) – – – –
109	THT 1125.d a1	a1 /// ṣañ	{ñ}em	/// b5 /// (was)ts(i)
110	THT 1179.a a4	a4 /// le wte	ñem	klowissonte śakkents lante se
111	THT 1218 b4	– /// b4 ///	ñem	rāvaṇe /// b5 ///
112	THT 1250 b2	pi śommontse ksa (y)ñ(a)kteṃ	ñem	m· – /// b3
113	THT 1253 b3	/// b3 /// ñī	ñem	klavisu ṣesa sāṅkä mu
114	THT 1358 a5	॥ piṅkte meñe śrävayä	ñem	– ॥ ṣkaste meñe
115	THT 1359 a1	wrocci kamartiki tentse ṣarmtsa	ñem	tāka strayastriṃśä ñäkcye śai(ṣṣe)
116	THT 1365.g b1	/// b1 /// –	ñem	/// b2 /// –
117	THT 1502 b5	/// ·e yogācārentse vimukti	ñem	ka b6 /// ·ārare
118	THT 1556 a4	śroṇe koṭiviṅśe te mant	ñem	ne – n· ॥
119	THT 1556 b4	/// (sa)tk(e)ntampa pepakṣoṣ yuṣ	ñem	śwātsi walo klāṣṣi •
120	THT 1573.a a6	/// a6 /// –	ñem	pañcabhi j·e r·ā ·e
121	THT 1599.f b5	/// – tär no	ñem	va na ṣā ///
122	THT 1859 a4	se se orotse kaśyape	ñem	ṣeī śakyamūniñ pudñäkte ///
123	THT 2351 a4	/// a4 /// l·o	ñem	po piṣ cmelpeṃts aknātsaṃñe
124	THT 2369.t b2	b2 /// ṣai widvare	ñem	– /// b3 ///
125	THT 2371.b b4	ñ· /// b4 ///	ñem	kä – /// b5
126	THT 2386.j and .s a3	• /// a3 ///	(ñem)	(k)l(awi)ssonte śakkeñ(epi) /// a4
127	THT 2386.j and .s a5	/// (upā)s(a)ka mäktoṃ cewsa	ñem	(k)l(awi)sso(ntsa) /// a6 ///
128	THT 2701 a2	/// a2 /// kantiśke	ñ(e)m	ikäṃ – /// a3
129	THT 2901 a2	a2 /// (kamp)ās āṃne	ñem	llo cā(neṃ) ///
130	THT 2957 a6	/// a6 /// ·trä	ñem	käly·e /// b1 ///
131	THT 3124 b2	/// b2 /// –	ñem	lakle – /// b3
132	THT 3134 a3	– /// a3 ///	ñem	– /// a4 ///
133	THT 3174 b2	/// ca ta •	ñem	/// b3 /// ·i
134	THT 3200 b2	/// b2 /// r·	ñem	po ///
135	THT 3602.c a3	a3 /// – ·v·	ñem	n· wa ssu 10-4
136	THT 3742 a2	/// a2 /// ·k·	ñem	kälpaṣṣäṃ – /// a3
137	THT 3750 b1	b1 /// –	ñem	mäsk·tär a – k
138	THT 3987 a1	/// ·ki ypoyntse krent	ñem	käl·au /// a2 ///
139	THT 4001 a2	niyir(i) mcuṣkentse mañiye massone	ñem	cpi procer purnāśä ñem
140	THT 4001 a2	ñem cpi procer purnāśä	ñem	tai wes teṃne c(p)i
141	THT 4001 a3	saṅkantse a3 mañiye puṣpakerti	ñem	cpi śana netla ñem
142	THT 4001 a3	ñem cpi śana netla	ñem	mä • nesäṃ tainaisäñ
143	THT 4001 a3	nesäṃ tainaisäñ soi eśkulke	ñem	a4 ce eśkulke wene
144	THT 4001 a6	yurpaṣkaññe ṣamāne abhidharmike buddhavräddhi	ñem	a7 araññe dharmaśarme ñem
145	THT 4001 a7	ñem a7 araññe dharmaśarme	ñem	arañe aryavräddhi ñem cets
146	THT 4001 a7	dharmaśarme ñem arañe aryavräddhi	ñem	cets procer samyosä ñem
147	THT 4001 a7	ñem cets procer samyosä	ñem	a8 cets mante pläṅksemne
148	THT 4063 a3	y· ṣr· tär tamatāse	ñem	se tarmatāse l· tsä