THT 28
| Known as: | THT 28; B 28 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Hannes A. Fellner. "THT 28". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht28 (accessed 15 Nov. 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Hannes A. Fellner |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 68.30 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Udānālaṅkāra |
| Passage: | Book 12 (Mārgavarga), part 1, strophes 71-72, and part 2, strophes 1-9c. |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Doctrine |
| Verse/Prose: | verse |
| Meter: | 665 (4x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | Udānālaṅkāra B |
| Preceding fragment: | THT 27 |
| Following fragment: | THT 29 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 8 |
Transliteration
(continues from THT 27)
| a1 | /// n· mc·¯ ¯k ś· lā streṃ : spe lke mai ta rka ce¯ ¯r kulā tsi ce kwä rñai ra ñi¯ ¯ś e pya¯ ¯cä pka la¯ ¯t [•] t· ·n· |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// k[re] ñce pi wno lme ntse a ñma ntse ka rtse¯ ¯ś 70-1 ytā ri a kṣā wa me ne rvāṃ ṣṣai ri śka rtsai o kta tsai klyo |
| a3 | /// [yā] ms̝a lle spe lke po ā ñmtsa : mā lyā¯ ¯k te sa pa rna ytā rye ne saṃ ksa tne saṃ ṣā rmeṃ laṃ tsi¯ ¯ś • ñi pe lai |
| a4 | /// [70] 2 || dha rma so ma ññe u dā na la ṅkā rne mā rga vā rgä ntse pa rwe ṣṣe pā ke || |
| a5 | /// r[ñ]ai – ñu mka klau tke ntsā ka lṣlye¯ ¯ts yta riṃ toṃ wai ptā ra kṣā re : so mā¯ ¯r ytā ri sa ma kci spo |
| a6 | /// ṣa¯ ¯ñä sa rrī we nta : 1 mā ā yo r[mā] ra te lki ya ma lñe – [kw]ä lñe ne saṃ : mā |
| a7 | /// rs[ta] ·[i] : me mya¯ ¯s ma kci o no· m[eṃ] po ykne sa mā tu ntse ·s· – 2 te me¯ ¯ñä pe [tw]e – |
| a8 | /// [m]· [s]· li ntse se ·[i] lko tsa ṅkau ṣai mā mai [y]· ·[e] – mā tsi rau ñe mā – |
| b1 | /// [pa] lsko nta s· – la kle wä rpna nta¯ ¯r – ·[w]· – lko ṣai : a ji te [n]· – |
| b2 | /// 4 – [¯k] la kle śau¯ ¯l s̝pa te m· ·ṣu kta nte mā kau tsi yā – – to[ṃ] e pi ṅte ke rte – |
| b3 | /// ā sta rkwi na ka¯ ¯s̝p • ai śmwa kn· ts[a] wa¯ ¯t āṃ tpi ksa¯ ¯s̝p [mā] laṃ ma ske nta¯ ¯r [5] |
| b4 | /// ·[s]k· – u· pa rśi ne ksa tu¯ ¯k sū we ṣye ntwe ma kte ra¯ ¯mt wrau ña : ā rkwi pa rśi ne ksā rkwi wa tka ṣ[ṣ]i e |
| b5 | /// [wra] ntsai we ṣṣi : 6 jñā tiṃ se yi gra nthi pi lko prā kre e ṅku ṣai : kuse pa rśi ne wra ntsai we ṣṣi sū ñi¯ ¯ś po |
| b6 | /// [t]·[o] : ṣe¯ ¯k spo rto ta¯ ¯r ñyai śa mñe po yśi ññe te wra ntsai we ṣṣi 7 kuce cai ma kci e ṅko ṣṣeṃ pi lko nta |
| b7 | /// : ma nta lyai¯ ¯k ka ssi nta snai ke¯ ¯ś ṣeṃ wai pta¯ ¯r ypau na ne : a ka¯ ¯l ṣlye¯ ¯ts mā pwai śa mñe a ksa |
| b8 | /// – ·ai ·e – l[yā] ka la kle nta pi śc[m]e lṣe¯ ¯ts wno lme¯ ¯ts pe rne sa : ce a kā¯ ¯l[k] ṣe[¯] [¯k] ñä [ṣ]·[ī] – |
(continues on THT 29)
Transcription
(continues from THT 27)
| * | ce akālk ṣek ñäṣ(ṣ)ī(tär) |
|---|
(continues on THT 29)
Translation
(continues from THT 27)
| a1 | ... [70d] certainly the pure life. |
|---|---|
| a1 | Will you permit [your] fervor to recede in any way? |
| a1 | Remember me! |
| a1+ | In this way ... of a good being to the welfare of [one’s own] self. |
| a2 | [71d] |
| a2+ | The way I have proclaimed to you, to the good town of Nirvāṇa, the eightfold, noble ... |
| a3 | ... (by you), however, [an] effort must be made with [your] whole self. |
| a3 | Aside from this there is no other way to emerge from the Saṃsāra. |
| a3+ | The law (proclaimed?) by me ... |
| a4 | [72d] |
| a4 | || In Dharmasoma’s Udānālaṅkāra, first part of the Mārgavarga. || |
| a4+ | ||In the Nandavilāpa metre|| ... |
| a5 | ... (and so forth) in 90 ways proclaimed to their pupils such ways differently. |
| a5+ | Themselves being on each way ... [their] own endeavours (?). |
| a6 | There is no gift, nor even having to make a sacrifice, (nor) having to make libation. |
| a6+ | ... (The cutting off). |
| a7 | You yourselves deceived (?) the beings in every way, |
| a7 | there will be no (extinction) thereby. |
| a7 | [2d] |
| a7+ | Therefore only dust (?) ... |
| a8 | ... From Maskali this view had stemmed: |
| a8 | there is no power, no energy, no ... [3d] |
| b1 | (Without) thought they feel happiness [and] suffering. |
| b1 | This was the view [that had come] from him. |
| b1+ | Ajita (Kesakambala) ... (earth, water, fire, wind), |
| b2 | [4d] |
| b2 | happiness and suffering and the life with them as a seventh, they will not be able to be killed. |
| b2+ | Between them the sword (passes through) ... |
| b3 | and the bones are but white, |
| b3 | and sage or fool, both are not distinct. |
| b3 | [5d] |
| b4 | ... Whoever should ask him, exactly the same he says then, like a myna. |
| b4+ | Should one ask him [about] white, [so] he would decide white. |
| b5 | ... (always the same(?)) he replied. |
| b5 | [6d] |
| b5 | By Jñāti’s son, the (Ni(r))grantha, the view was firmly taken. |
| b5 | Who should ask him, [to him] he would replay: |
| b5+ | I am (the omniscient) |
| b6 | Always my (knowledge) is (as the) knowledge of the omniscient, |
| b6 | this he would reply. |
| b6 | [7d] |
| b6+ | The views, that they themselves had taken, ... |
| b7 | Thus [also] other teachers without number were different in the countries, |
| b7+ | [but to their] pupils they did not proclaim the whole knowledge. ... [8d] ... |
| b8 | Countless he saw sufferings; for the sake of the beings of five births. |
| b8 | he always had this wish: |
| a6 | No |
(continues on THT 29)
Other
| a1 | Will you [pl.] let [your] zeal fail? Remember me, this including! (cf : ii, 46) (Peyrot 2013b: 358) |
|---|---|
| b1 | (Ohne) Gedanken empfinden sie Glück [und] Leid. (Schmidt 1974: 199) |
| b4 | (Wer) immer ihn fragen sollte, genau dasselbe sagte er dann, gleich wie eine Prediger-Krähe(?). (Schmidt 1974: 54) |
Commentary
Philological commentary
| This leaf immediately follows THT 27. It contains the end of the first part of the Mārgavarga (XII), strophes 71 and 72 in a 4x17-syllable metre (rhythm = 6/6/5), as well as the beginning of the second part, strophes 1-9c in a 4x15-syllable-metre (rhythm = 7/8 and 8/7). | |
| n1 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 62 fn. 2 and Sieg and Siegling 1983: 192. |
| n2 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 62 fn. 4. |
| n3 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 62 fn. 7. |
| n4 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 62 fn. 8 and 9. |
| n5 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 62 fn. 11. |
| n6 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 62 fn. 14. |
| n7 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 62 fn. 17 and 19. |
| n8 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 62 fn. 20 and 21. |
| n9 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 63 fn. 10. |
Remarks
| The original manuscript is missing, but was the right half of the leaf following THT 27, similarly damaged. |
References
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 47-48; Sieg and Siegling 1983: 62-63 notes 192-193
Translations
Carling 2000: a2 (162), a3 (337), a5 (93), b2 (325); Hackstein 1995: a6 (50), a7 (196), b2 (53); Malzahn 2012b: b4 (159); Meunier 2013: a6 (177); Peyrot 2013b: a1 (358); Schmidt 1974: b1 (199), b4 (54 n.1), b4 (54); Sieg and Siegling 1949: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 (II, 46-47); Thomas 1952: a6 (58); Thomas 1954: a1 (727), a3 (754), b2 (724); Thomas 1957: a2 (180), a8 (297), b4 (70), b5 (70, 304), b6 (70), b8 (68, 194); Thomas 1967c: b2 (169); Thomas 1968: b4 (229); Thomas 1970a: b4 (455), b5 (455), b6 (455); Thomas 1972: b2 (469); Thomas 1979b: a3 (34); Thomas 1989: b4 (31); Thomas 1997: b6 (81)
Bibliography
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktionen der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Malzahn, Melanie. 2012b. “Position matters: The placement of clitics in metrical texts of Tocharian B.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 13: 153–62.
Meunier, Fanny. 2013. “Typologie des locutions en yām- du tokharien.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 14: 123–85.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1949. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B, Heft 1. Die Udānālaṅkāra-Fragmente. Text, Übersetzung und Glossar. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1983. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B. Teil I: Die Texte. Band 1. Fragmente Nr. 1-116 der Berliner Sammlung. Edited by Werner Thomas. Neubearbeitet und mit einem Kommentar nebst Register versehen v. Werner Thomas. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
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Thomas, Werner. 1954. “Die Infinitive im Tocharischen.” In Asiatica. Festschrift Friedrich Weller. Zum 65. Geburtstag, gewidmet von seinen Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern, edited by Johannes Schubert and Ulrich Schneider, 701–64. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1967c. “Zu wortverbindendem toch. A śkaṃ/ B ṣpä.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 81: 161–80.
Thomas, Werner. 1968. “Zur Verwendung von toch. A oki/B ramt und A mäṃtne/B mäkte in Vergleichen.” Orbis 17: 198–231.
Thomas, Werner. 1970a. “Zu einigen Besonderheiten der tocharischen Syntax.” Orbis 19: 452–72.
Thomas, Werner. 1972. “Zweigliedrige Wortverbindungen im Tocharischen.” Orbis 21: 429–70.
Thomas, Werner. 1979b. Formale Besonderheiten in metrischen Texten des Tocharischen: Zur Verteilung von B tane/tne “hier” und B ñake/ñke “jetzt”. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 15. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
Thomas, Werner. 1989. Probleme der Übertragung buddhistischer Texte ins Tocharische. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 10. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
Thomas, Werner. 1997. Interpretationsprobleme im Tocharischen. Unflektiertes A puk, B po “ganz, all, jeder”. Vol. 3. SbWGF, XXXV. Stuttgart: Steiner.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
