yaṃ

Cite this page as:	"yaṃ". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_B_yaṃ (accessed 09 Mar. 2026).
Meaning:	“to go”
Word class:	verb
Language:	TB
Equivalent in TA:	i-
Lexeme variants:	yaṃ; yan
Person:	third
Number:	singular
Tense/Mood:	present
Root character:	non-a-character
Internal root vowel:	vowel-schwa
Stem:	present
Stem class:	1-2
Valency:	intransitive
Voice:	active

Paradigm

	sg.act	pl.act	du.act	sg.mid	pl.mid	du.mid
1	yaim, yam, yam-c	yeyem, ynem, ynem-ne
2	yait, yat	yaicer, yacer
3	yey, yai, yey-ne, yaṃ, yaṃ-ne, yan-me	yeyeṃ, yeye-ñ, yneṃ, yneṃ-ne

Lexeme family

• i-
  • i- “to go” gv
    • ynūca “going, goer”

      	sg.m	pl.m
      nom	ynūca	ynūcañ
      gen	ynūcantse

    • i- “to go” gv.prs1/2

      	sg.act	pl.act
      1	yaim, yam, yam-c	yeyem, ynem, ynem-ne
      2	yait, yat	yaicer, yacer
      3	yey, yai, yey-ne, yaṃ, yaṃ-ne, yan-me	yeyeṃ, yeye-ñ, yneṃ, yneṃ-ne

      • yalle “to be going” part.prs1/2

        	sg.m
        nom	yalle

      • ynemane “going” part.prs1/2

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	ynemane	ynemane	ynemane	ynemane
        acc	ynemane	ynemane	ynemane	ynemane

      • yneñca “going” ptcp.prs1/2

        	sg.m	sg.f
        nom	yneñca	yneñca
        acc	yneñcai	yneñcai

      • yalñe “going” abstr.prs1/2

        	sg
        nom	yalñe
        acc	yalñe
        loc	yalyñene
        perl	yalñesa

    • i- “to go” gv.subj1/2

      	sg.act
      1	yam

      • yatsi “to go” inf.n.subj1/2

        	sg
        nom	yatsi
        acc	yatsi
        all	yatsiśc

    • i- “to go” gv.imp7

      	sg.act	pl.act
      2	paṣ	pcīso

    • i- “to go” gv.pret
      • yku “having gone” part.pret

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	ykuweṣ, yku		ykuweṣ	ykuwa
        acc	ykuweṣ	ykusai	ykuweṣ	ykuwa
        gen	ykuweṣepi
        loc	ykuweṣne
        comit		ykusaimpa

        • ykuwer “coming” abstr.pret

          	sg
          nom	ykuwer
          acc	ykuwer
          loc	ykuwerne
          abl	ykuwermeṃ

  • ymāne “on the way”
    • ymanār “each on its way (?)”

Occurrences

yan

1	PK NS 14 b2	b2 pte dadāti yo	yan	tad u – ///
2	SI B 117 a4	no ñak(e) kälpāsträ 40-6	yan	tu vijñā praśaṃsanti •
3	THT 16 a4	weṣṣeñca wnolme ; nraine	yan	no ; kuse ///
4	THT 90 b6	te sne wā ṣpinnau	yan	nai
5	THT 3603.c a4	/// a4 /// no	yan	/// a5 /// ·ā

yaṃ

1	G-Qa 1 a3	pāñikti tākoym taiseṃ akesont	yaṃ	– ·i a4 kempa
2	IOL Toch 9 b2	/// – meṃ iścemne	yaṃ	ma rano sū ṣotri
3	IOL Toch 9 b3	b3 /// (ta)pākine särwanāmeṃ	yaṃ	lkāträ • /// b4
4	IOL Toch 9 b5	mai temeṃ ksa āläṃ	yaṃ	cwi seme /// b6
5	IOL Toch 16 a4	(tpa)a4rṣkäṃñene • yāti •	yaṃ	• /// a5
6	IOL Toch 23 a8	(ta)lānta arṣāklaṃ īme śeś(ś)amu	yaṃ	– /// b1 –
7	IOL Toch 56 a3	– mtä ntso •	yaṃ	mā kl·au° /// a4
8	IOL Toch 124 a2	traṅko kättaṅkäṃ /// (ytā)a2ri	yaṃ	postaṃñe rano kuṣaimeṃ kwaṣai
9	IOL Toch 124 a3	/// a3 plākisa ytāri	yaṃ	postaṃñe rano – ///
10	IOL Toch 171 b1	/// b1 /// (i)tauñene	yaṃ	: ॥ – kne
11	IOL Toch 171 b2	n· – – ·ai itauñene	yaṃ	/// b3 /// °tsä
12	IOL Toch 190 a5	ksa alyek camelne mā	yaṃ	kuse /// a6 tumeṃ
13	IOL Toch 246 a1	lykaṃ wārṣeṃmpa plākisa ytāri	yaṃ	pāyti 70-1 se ṣamāne
14	IOL Toch 246 b3	yaka yaṣisa lānte kercyenne	yaṃ	parna tu-yknesa ṣärmameṃ pāyti
15	IOL Toch 505 a3	a3 /// (papātka)rmeṃ	yaṃ	• s(a) /// b1
16	IOL Toch 557 a1	a1 /// – ka	yaṃ	k· – /// a2
17	Or 15009.392 a1	a1 /// –	yaṃ	navakānāṃ atha vā ayaṃ
18	PK AS 7D a3	(cwi) (lakle) ; (ompostäṃ)	(yaṃ)	(cmelane) (:) (yāmorṣṣe) cākkär
19	PK AS 7L a2	(wāyatsi) (śman-ne) ; (katkemane)	(yaṃ)	(cau)a3mpa ; kaunne postaṃñe
20	PK AS 7N a2	c(p)i a2 karttse were	yaṃ	kektseñmeṃ cpi yolo mā
21	PK AS 7N a2	cpi papāṣṣorñeṣe were kartts{e}	ya(ṃ)	a3 cañcarona larona wäntarwampa
22	PK AS 7N b7	wāyatsi śman-ne ; katkemane	yaṃ	caumpa ; kau(nne) (postaṃñe)
23	PK AS 8B a3	su mā walke nkelyñene	yaṃ	10-5 ॥ purvvaṣātn(e) pällyīyeṣṣe
24	PK AS 8B a6	ṣu= kau{ṃ} epikte nkelñene	yaṃ	{24} ॥ aśviṇine ṣalype
25	PK AS 8C b5	lu{†ṣ}p{ṣ}ale ate ra tsa	yaṃ	mā lkā{ṃ}-ne ksa 10
26	PK AS 17A a1	r(a) ; sruketär ;	yaṃ	nketsiś ra : ṣlyiye
27	PK AS 17J a5	॥ tumeṃ suppria5ye nauntaintsa	yaṃ	• tumeṃ tāu rīṣṣi
28	PK AS 18B b2	ṣamāne plākisa aśiyanampa ytāri	yaṃ	postäṃñe rano b3 kuṣaiymeṃ
29	PK Bois A44 a2	rra a2 /// – –	yaṃ	• piś •
30	PK Bois B2 a3	kuce atakke • parra	yaṃ	cenmpa śā (mna)
31	PK Bois B8 a4	yotkolau ṣaa4māne • parra	yaṃ	caumpa kapyāri wi b1
32	PK Bois B20 a3	wiśikke • senea3metre par(r)a	(y)aṃ	(c)e(u)m(p)a śāmna trey •
33	PK Bois B21 a4	·āś ·e ·e par(r)a	yaṃ
34	PK Bois B24 a2	warṣaññe – mn·r· parra	yaṃ	a3 cewämpa śāmna piś
35	PK Bois B29 a1	a1 lyiśke parra	yaṃ	• caump(a) ·r· –
36	PK Bois B34 a2	k·nts· mäpt· p(a)rr(a) a2	yaṃ	cewämpa śāmna trai kerccaa3ppaṃ
37	PK Bois B36 a1	tt· k· • parra	ya(ṃ)	caumna śāa2mna wi •
38	PK Bois B42 a4	– – – a4 /// parra	yaṃ	– – –
39	PK Bois B50 a1	a1 stikupte • parra	ya(ṃ)	• – /// (śā)a2(m)na
40	PK Bois B104 a2	pyā(m) /// a2 –	yaṃ	cew(ä)mpa klaina /// a3
41	PK NS 58 b1	cimpa w(at) (ya)m mā	yaṃ	ce wänta (re) b2
42	PK NS 65 a1	– nta r(e)tk(e) lkātsi	yaṃ	pāyti /// a2 ///
43	PK NS 100 a6	·i ·e – – – – – – – ·ī	yaṃ	– /// b1 b2
44	PK NS 109 b1	; wer(e) tañ ;	yaṃ	kälym(i)ntsa ; kärtseṣṣe :
45	PK réserve 1517 B 3.1 a3	kuce kaṣake pua3ttamitre parra	yaṃ	• caumpa śāmna ia4käṃ
46	THT 23 a3	pudñäkti : tāsa su	yaṃ	; ñäkcye śaiṣṣeś ;
47	THT 23 a4	āyor aiṣṣeñca ; sū	yaṃ	ñäk;cye śaiṣṣene : a5
48	THT 25 a7	mā nw ayu-ne mäkte	yaṃ	/// a8 ///
49	THT 31 b2	: kattākeṃ ksa ;	yaṃ	lkātsi ṣek b3 ṣek
50	THT 31 b5	alyeṅkäṃ ; appamāt ;	yaṃ	postäṃ nraintane 40-3 ṣeṃ
51	THT 32 a5	wrocceṃ : kattākeṃ ksa	yaṃ	lkātsi ṣek;-ṣek tārkaṃ spelke
52	THT 32 b2	alyaik kekm(o)ṣ (ñ)yāts(e)ne ceṃ	yaṃ	– – – b3 /// no
53	THT 41 a4	no sāu sa;tāṣlñene ;	yaṃ	ṣaṣälne 10-1 aiśamñe ten;tse
54	THT 41 b3	eneṅka ; yopäṃ-ne ;	yaṃ	tw ompostäṃ : īm-aiśamñes=
55	THT 41 b3	īm-aiśamñes= ; ompostäṃ ;	yaṃ	su yente : korne
56	THT 50 b7	/// b7 /// moṃ	yaṃ	lkātsi amāṃ kle ///
57	THT 90 a1	/// tatwāṅkau tapovaṃ varttoś	ya(ṃ)	a2 ///
58	THT 118 b1	w(e)k tärkänaṃ ñätke kārāś	yaṃ	(•) käskau saima ///
59	THT 119 b4	ore ra ṣe āken-ne	yaṃ	i /// (a)b5ntarābhavn(e) 20-3
60	THT 122 a6	/// a6 /// ymässu	yaṃ	ypaunane yo /// a7
61	THT 127 b5	; källātsi • wetane	yaṃ	; snai yepe ;
62	THT 158 b3	/// b3 /// läktsauña	yaṃ	alyek – kne te
63	THT 185 b1	/// ·my· bhūmimeṃ vairāk	yaṃ	• ñormye bhūmi ///
64	THT 185 b2	/// ·k· ts· śpalmañesa	yaṃ	tusa – /// b3
65	THT 195 b6	/// b6 /// no	yaṃ	• śaiṣṣe se •
66	THT 198 a1	·(tä)r yñakteṃ mā ṣ	yaṃ	• tatrānyatra vā dvīpe
67	THT 240 a5	tar • 20 attai	yaṃ	ñke śaiṣṣentse īme pälsko
68	THT 251 b4	b4 vā svairī •	yaṃ	ma(kte) (tane) mäkte āñme
69	THT 257 a3	; kauc ka ost	yaṃ	su ; säswāts säs·ā
70	THT 292 a5	ś· /// a5 ///	yaṃ	ṅkelñene attsaik ka ṣp
71	THT 306 a3	yānti • yayātau wertsiyai	yaṃ	• /// a4 ///
72	THT 330 a5	tu /// a5 ri	yaṃ	• waṣik kälpaṣṣukiṃ yoñiyai
73	THT 330 a5	ṣparkäṣṣukiṃ käryorccempa wat •	yaṃ	pāyti kättaṅkäṃ • enestaine
74	THT 330 b1	• steyasaṃ /// b1	yaṃ	pāyti • ywārtstsa krośne
75	THT 331 b4	mā yalle ste •	yaṃ	träṅkossu mäsketär • tanāpates
76	THT 345 b2	jambudvipäṣṣai ortstsai tā kentsa	yaṃ	ritatär mā kälp· ///
77	THT 356.a a4	/// yamai yente ·e	yaṃ	/// a5 /// °ntsa
78	THT 381 b1	/// ñäkte ko ytāri	yaṃ	/// b2 /// lyeṃts
79	THT 506 b1	/// ·s· ṣṣeñca – –	yaṃ	– ṣpä nandake ///
80	THT 521 a2	(cwi) (lakle) ; (ompos)tä(ṃ)	yaṃ	; cmelane : yāmorṣe
81	THT 547 b5	• śrā /// ///	yaṃ	an(ayo) (•) se tainaisi
82	THT 551 a1	• asmin deśe so	yaṃ	deśo bahutiṣṭhaṃ • (ba)
83	THT 1170.e b6	wärpamai b6 /// –	yaṃ	k· ś·a
84	THT 1202.a1 b2	/// b2 /// ce	yaṃ	– /// b3 ///
85	THT 1338.e a1	a1 ·tu	yaṃ	kn· /// b1 ///
86	THT 1340.g a2	– kus· w· lo	yaṃ	ñä – /// a3
87	THT 1355 b3	– /// b3 papātkarmeṃ	yaṃ	• sa vai bhikṣu
88	THT 1362.a b4	b4 /// to hya	yaṃ	loka : /// b5
89	THT 1423.f a4	/// a4 /// –	yaṃ	– l·o – ///
90	THT 1427 b4	/// – s pärketrä	yaṃ	ne n·e ku 10-3
91	THT 1432.q b3	/// – mo –	yaṃ	///
92	THT 1459 b2	(ṣamāne) (aśiyanampa) p(l)ākisa ytāri	yaṃ	parna laute(meṃ) /// b3
93	THT 1517 a4	a4 /// – ka	yaṃ	ścīre śau l·o onol·eṃ
94	THT 1543.g b3	b3 /// nte kercciyenne	y(aṃ)	/// (mā) b4 ///
95	THT 1563.d b2	– /// b2 ///	yaṃ	atyu – /// b3
96	THT 1563.l b2	b2 /// – lträṃ	yaṃ	/// b3 /// –
97	THT 1563.t b1	b1 /// – wa	yaṃ	c· t· /// b2
98	THT 1632.b a1	a1 /// lu	yaṃ	/// b1 /// – –
99	THT 1656 b1	m·· /// b1 ///	yaṃ	p· kt· /// b2
100	THT 1682 a3	a3 /// ta yu	yaṃ	– /// b1 ///
101	THT 1686 a4	a4 /// – k·	yaṃ	akā /// a5 ///
102	THT 2065 b1	/// kuy· lmaṃ tmac	yaṃ	/// b2 /// l·i
103	THT 2344 a1	ce wa tä skā	yaṃ	kautsi • s·a ·i
104	THT 2372.b a2	/// a2 /// sä	yaṃ	re /// b1 ///
105	THT 2374.ff b1	c·e /// b1 ///	yaṃ	sa /// b2 ///
106	THT 2374.i a2	a2 /// – na	yaṃ	ti – /// b1
107	THT 2374.k a2	·v· – nu ṣyā	yaṃ	– /// a3 ///
108	THT 2553 b1	– /// b1 ///	yaṃ	spärkoṣ /// b2 ///
109	THT 2651 b1	– ru npa nti	yaṃ	– /// b2 ///
110	THT 3020 a1	/// ·ä kna saṃ	yaṃ	– /// a2 ///
111	THT 3042 b1	/// ·y· k· m·	yaṃ	k· rṣāke – ///
112	THT 3145 a1x	a1x – – r· ne	yaṃ	– – a2 /// ॥
113	THT 3147.gg a2	/// a2 /// –	yaṃ	ca • /// a3
114	THT 3161 b5	·e /// b5 ///	yaṃ	śle – ///
115	THT 3175.d a2	/// a2 /// –	yaṃ	n· /// a3 ///
116	THT 3180.h a1	a1 ///	yaṃ	– /// b1 ///
117	THT 3268 a4	ceu ikaṃ a4 ///	yaṃ	vī kṣya • b1
118	THT 3284 b3	mā /// b3 ///	yaṃ	aurtsñe ne nai y·e
119	THT 3309 b2	/// b2 /// k·au	yaṃ	• – – /// b3
120	THT 3397 b1	b1 /// ·k· lune	yaṃ	///
121	THT 3469 b3	b3 /// – ·e	yaṃ	– ///
122	THT 3660.a b1	– /// b1 ///	yaṃ	a /// b2 ///
123	THT 3796.a a1	a1 /// ne	yaṃ	/// b1 /// sw·
124	THT 3808.b b2	– /// b2 ///	yaṃ	a ///
125	THT 3860 b2	b2 /// ma ni	yaṃ	ñca ka ma na
126	THT 3921.a a3	ṣ· /// a3 ///	yaṃ	/// b1 /// –
127	THT 4011 b2	/// b2 /// le	yaṃ	tā – – ///
128	THT 4020 a3	mā /// a3 ///	yaṃ	anusmara vikara vikara ///
129	THT 4031 a4	·y· stā na ati	yaṃ	s·ai – – /// a5