k_uce

Cite this page as:	"kuce". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_B_kuce (accessed 15 Nov. 2025).
Meaning:	“who, which”
Word class:	noun
Word subclass:	pronoun
Language:	TB
Equivalent in TA:	kus
Lexeme variants:	kuce; kuc=
Number:	singular; plural
Case:	accusative
Gender:	masculine; feminine

Paradigm

	sg	pl	du
nom	kuse	kuse
voc
acc	kuce	kuce
gen	ket, kete	ket, kete
loc
comit
inst
abl
perl	kucesa	kucesa
all	kuceś, kuceśc	kuceśc
caus

Lexeme family

• k_use “who, which” m/f

  	sg	pl
  nom	kuse	kuse
  acc	kuce	kuce
  gen	ket, kete	ket, kete
  perl	kucesa	kucesa
  all	kuceś, kuceśc	kuceśc

Occurrences

k_uce

1	Dd 5.2 a1	a1 /// -y-pälsko	kuce	ṣ no po skw(a)nm(a)
2	IOL Toch 3 a2	a2 /// (spel)k(e)ssoñc tākam	kuce	se antaradvīpäṣṣai ytāri ynea3(mane)
3	IOL Toch 47 b5	/// b5 /// (vaiśā)line	kuce	kewwa dakṣi(ṇākeṃ) /// b6
4	IOL Toch 86 b3	b3 – /// māka	kuce	twe nekciye pwārntse ///
5	IOL Toch 91 b3	b3 /// (ya)maskeṃ ta	kuce	no ñi /// b4
6	IOL Toch 106 a5	a5 /// °ṣṣe satyaiyśa	kuce	cau ñem-klawisontsa – ///
7	IOL Toch 119 a4	a4 /// sklok ptākas	kuce	ṅke /// a5 ///
8	IOL Toch 119 a5	/// (a)kālk prītat •	kuce	/// a6 /// ·s·
9	IOL Toch 169 b7	b7 /// °loy :	kuce	tu tetem(u) tatākau mā
10	IOL Toch 178 b5	• ॥ tirthi weskeṃ	kuce	twe aiśtar su –
11	IOL Toch 187 a2	• krentäṃ akalṣälyeṃ •	kuce	tu ma – ///
12	IOL Toch 187 b2	lykaśke yamaṣatai • saim-wästa	kuce	tu o(n)ol(m)e /// b3
13	IOL Toch 205 b4	/// b4 °kneṃ pikārnta	kuce	yamai eswempe ṣpä ///
14	IOL Toch 208 a4	kä(n)maṣṣäṃ-ñ rmamñemp= eṣe :	kuce	ne /// a5 ///
15	IOL Toch 208 b4	/// b4 /// yke-postäṃ	kuce	ce paräṃ tarne ///
16	IOL Toch 301 a2	a2 /// wñā-ne :	kuce	te lyaryā twe ekä
17	IOL Toch 402 b1	b1 /// ·t· •	kuce	no tu ptäṣṣe n·
18	IOL Toch 679 b1	/// b1 /// lm·	kuce	·ä° /// b2 ///
19	IOL Toch 681 a2	/// – ṣ :	kuce	ñi – /// a3
20	IOL Toch 810 a2	a2 /// (pä)lskomeṃ :	kuce	/// a3 /// (pä)lskompa
21	IOL Toch 812 b3	b3 posāt yamamträ •	(k)uc(e)	/// b4 mo
22	IOL Toch 865 a2	/// a2 /// (klo)wonträ	kuce	klau /// a3
23	IOL Toch 885 b2	– – ti weṣṣäṃ ta	kuce	yā /// b3 ///
24	IOL Toch 899 a2	a2 /// – mäsketär	kuce	caim we a3 ///
25	Kz-213-ZS-L-06’ a1	a1	kuce	toṃ rekauna /// a2
26	Kz-213-ZS-L-11 a1	ña ·ñe ·e ma	k(u)ce	– – – – ·e – – – – – –
27	M 500.1 b1	(ṣeme) ṣṣeme ; śloksa	kuce	; yältsenmasa ; karstatsi
28	Or 8212.163 a6	/// – ke 10-2	kuce	cai śtorweś no ;
29	PK AS 1B a2	a2 ///	kuce	rīnasträ yśelmentso : tat
30	PK AS 4B a3	ṣeme ṣṣeme ; śloksa	kuce	; yältsenmasa ; karstatsi
31	PK AS 5A b1	2σ b1 t(a)śim 8	kuce	te makte ; paiykāmai
32	PK AS 5A b1	makte ; paiykāmai ;	kuce	alyeṅkäṃts ; aklyītsiś ;
33	PK AS 5C b3	śpālmeṃ eśne : 30-4	kuce	paiykāmai ; pāpavārg{†ä} ;
34	PK AS 6D a6	a6 weñentaṃts welyñe :	kuce	kca klyauṣi tu-k klyeñci
35	PK AS 6E a3	(wlāwa)a3tsi toṃ (pa)lskone :	kuce	kuce ṣamāne ; plāskaṃ
36	PK AS 6E a3	toṃ (pa)lskone : kuce	kuce	ṣamāne ; plāskaṃ ṣekaññe
37	PK AS 7B a5	cmetsiś ; sportoträ :	kuce	te maa6nt wñāwa ;
38	PK AS 7F b3	tne mā palskosa ;	kuce	ṣarm tūne tu weñau
39	PK AS 7G a4	; pest nanautau ;	kuce	klautkesa ; aiśa(lyi) (:)
40	PK AS 7G a6	; nanautaṣ : 10-9	ku(c)e	yä(knesa) (n)o ; cai
41	PK AS 7H a3	pūdñäkti tākoṃ ṣpä :	kuce	no te wñāwa ;
42	PK AS 7H a3	okonta ; temeṃ mante	kuce	no weñau ; tu
43	PK AS 7K b4	(star-ñ) b4 ///	kuce	kca onolmi ; kektseñ
44	PK AS 7K b6	; sruka(ly)ñe(ṣ)ṣ= īme 3	kuc(e)	kca (saṃ)sārne ; onolmi
45	PK AS 7L a3	srukalyñeṣṣ= īme 5 tumpa	kuce	srukalyñe ; mäntak no
46	PK AS 7N a7	; (tu)sa lare sta(r-ñ)	kuce	kca onolmi ; (katkemane)
47	PK AS 7N b4	; srukalyñeṣṣ= īme 3	(kuce)	(kca) onolmi ; saṃsārne
48	PK AS 12A a2	a2 – r ñke	kuce	wantrentse ṣärmtsā mentsisa ere
49	PK AS 12A a4	॥ plaktukiñña /// a4	(kuc)e	lyelyäkormeṃ mamrauskau mcuṣke •
50	PK AS 12A a5	tu ॥ nandivilāpne ॥	kuce	tu lyelykormeṃ ·ai ///
51	PK AS 12A b5	we /// b5 ta	kuce	lantäññai ytarintse mā-astärñentse träṅko
52	PK AS 12A b6	walo plaktukiñña weṣṣäṃ ta	kuce	pito ///
53	PK AS 12B a5	ñi täne pälsko •	kuce	no • ktsaitsäññe •
54	PK AS 12C a2	walo weṣṣäṃ • ta	kuce	cakkravārt(t)i(ññe) /// a3 ///
55	PK AS 12C a3	asite weṣṣäṃ • ta	kuce	cakravārttiññe täne päkutär a4
56	PK AS 12D a3	śäksemp= eṣe ; empelya	kuce	kc(ā) (ra)a4mtä ṅke po
57	PK AS 12D b1	c· – – – (śil)p(a)k(ārika) (weṣ)ṣä(ṃ)	(ku)c(e)	(ṣäp) (ṣärmtsā) b2 te
58	PK AS 13E a2	āñmämpa :	kuce	ñiś śtwer säsūwa ypoymeṃ
59	PK AS 16.2 a6	lateṃ • tū no	kuce	yäknesa ॥ śawaṃñe-kwamane ॥
60	PK AS 16.3 b3	vaiśyi • tū no	kuce	yknesa ॥ yal-ylaṃśkene ॥
61	PK AS 16.7 b7	(tärr)ek ri mā pālkau-c	kuce	ñi keśne ṣamāññe :
62	PK AS 17I b2	teṃ ste täṅwaña ;	kuce	(t)we wñāsta ṣañ ykene
63	PK Bois A9 a2	(y)ai(tk)or(s)a (m)aṃ(t) (py)ā(m) •	k(uc)e	·e ///
64	PK Bois A32 a1	a1 /// (p)y(ā)m •	kuce	ñake • pra a2
65	PK Bois A40 a2	y(ait)k(or)s(a) a2 /// (py)ām	k(uc)e	ñake – – ke ·ä
66	PK Bois A43 a2	/// – – – – maṃt pyām	kuce	ñake
67	PK Bois B1 a2	yaitkorsa • maṃt pyām	kuce	kereptaṃññe • cā ··a
68	PK Bois B2 a3	yaitkorsa mant pyām a3	kuce	atakke • parra yaṃ
69	PK Bois B5 a3	yaia3tkorsa ma(ṃ)t py(ā)m •	kuce	ñake –
70	PK Bois B8 a3	yaitkorsa maṃt pyām a3	kuce	ñake • yurettsaññe •
71	PK Bois B19 a3	y(ai)tkor(sa) (maṃ)a3t pyām •	kuce	ñake • muśnaśinta •
72	PK Bois B20 a2	a2 (yaitkorsa) m(an)t py(ā)m	kuc(e)	n(e)säṃ inäśāśśäṃññe wiśikke •
73	PK Bois B21 a3	a3 yaitkorsa maṃt pyām	kuce	ñake • a4 yaiṣe
74	PK Bois B32 a1	a1 (p)y(ām)	(k)uc(e)	ñ(a)k(e) ñw· ·ñ· a2
75	PK Bois B38 a2	(sal)y(itsai) – – – (y)ūa2ṣaiśco •	kuce	• po ri –
76	PK Bois B42 a3	ñi yaitko(rsa) a3 – – – –	(k)uc(e)	– – – a4 /// parra
77	PK Bois B43 a1	a1	kuce	ñake sa lyī –
78	PK Bois B67 a1	a1 /// – – – – –	kuce	a2 /// ·e y·
79	PK Bois B68 a2	– /// a2 (p)y(ā)m	k(uc)e	ñake ///
80	PK Bois B102 a2	(y)oñ(y)aine sknaa2(tatteṃśco) /// pyām	kuce	ña(ke) – – – /// a3
81	PK Bois B126 a3	ñi yaitkorsa maṃa3t py(ā)m	ku(ce)	ñake • ·e ṣe
82	PK NS 15 b3y	si b3y	kuce	b3z cau reki mā
83	PK NS 27 a4	a4 ; māntalñe ;	kuce	ṣ krentäṃne : kauṣ(e)ntai
84	PK NS 32 a4	aiṣṣeñcaññe kärtseṣṣe ñem-kälywe klyauṣāte	kuce	po antiṣpūr po a5
85	PK NS 32 b4	(lyāmate-ne) (yṣuwarsa) (pre)kṣäṃ •	kuce	wäntaresa käṣī kekamu tāka
86	PK NS 48 and 258 a2	yāmormeṃ te akālk ñäṣṣalle	kuce	klautkesa twe aṣanīka sawāsaṃ
87	PK NS 49B a4	/// a4 /// :	kuce	yāmor yamant(rä) kreṃn(t) yolaiṃ
88	PK NS 100 a3	/// aksaṣle ste :	ku(c)e	(to)tte aiśītar śaul(antse) ///
89	PK NS 103 a5	tāu tinār mā lkoye(ṃ)	kuce	/// (sva)a6yamparṣṣe īke(ne) –
90	PK NS 152 b3	b3 ste • ta	kuce	pañä(kte) /// b4 (cä)mpalyi
91	PK NS 166 b2	/// tu yäknesa :	kuce	yä(knesa) /// b3 ///
92	PK NS 171 a3	ke(klyauṣormeṃ) /// a3 ///	kuce	tu ñiś sā wä
93	PK NS 266A a6	a6 /// m·	kuce	ñāssa /// b1 ///
94	PK NS 266A b3	b3 /// nts aiśmoṃts	kuce	ṣ no – ///
95	PK réserve 1517 B 3.1 a2	ñī yaitkorsa maṃt pyām	kuce	kaṣake pua3ttamitre parra yaṃ
96	SHT 2219.a b2	• kiṃ tu •	(k)uc(e)	b3 /// – prasaṃnaka
97	SI B 117 a4	tu vijñā praśaṃsanti •	kuce	no /// a5
98	SI P 65.b.1 a3	/// (kiṃ) (karo)a3s(i) :	kuce	yamäst : kiṃ karomi
99	SI P 65.b.1 a3	: kiṃ karomi :	kuce	yamṣä(m) /// bx tokharika
100	SI P 65.b.1 b3	: (k)iṃ pipasi :	kuce	yokt
101	THT 14 b6	/// /// (kt)sai;tsäññeśä :	kuc(e)	b7 /// ;
102	THT 21 a2	(ce) (ślok) (a)kṣā-me ;	kuce	tne wnolmi ; yamantär
103	THT 22 a8	k(l)āya ; poyśintse :	kuce	ñiś ṣuk-kauntsa ; wsāwa
104	THT 22 b1	; (s)n(ai) meṃtsñe :	kuce	ṣp pudñäkte (ṣuk-);(kauṃ) (kakāwa)
105	THT 24 a5	; mā ṣäṃ(ṣ)y(e)nträ :	kuce	ñäś /// /// mar
106	THT 28 b6	te wrantsai weṣṣi 7	kuce	cai makci eṅkoṣ ṣeṃ
107	THT 30 b2	räṃ : ṣañ kartse	kuce	; yāmṣate ; tu
108	THT 41 b2	keś y{ā→a}mastär 10-6 trīb2wäṣlñe	kuce	; satāṣṣäṃ ; tu
109	THT 44 a2	maitar ; śerītsi :	kuce	śerwe śak kauṃ ;
110	THT 45 a5	; t= ompostäṃ ;	kuce	– – yneśaññe : kauṃ
111	THT 57 a5	/// mā tu källālle	kuce	mā yā /// a6
112	THT 63 b7	/// lle :	kuce	(k)ca yāmäṃ tu-k mällāsträ
113	THT 64 a5	; ṣañ-añm pällātär 60-7	kuce	ṣ no a6
114	THT 64 b1	; poyśi palāte :	kuce	ṣ no emparkre ceu
115	THT 65 a7	mäsketär m= ālyeṅkäṃ ;	kuce	ṣ /// 6σ 11σ
116	THT 82 a1	a1 /// ·t·	kuce	wäntaresa kekamoṣ takās ytarintse
117	THT 99 a6	lā(ntäśc) (we)ṣṣäṃ oroccu walo	kuce	ṣarmtsa ce meṃntsi m·
118	THT 99 b6	rīñīmar ॥ yākṣe weṣṣäṃ	kuce	akālksa totteṃ pelaikne klyauṣtsi
119	THT 100 a1	ca(mpät) c(e)u pito rīntsī	kuce	ñiś ñäskau-cmeṃ : krui
120	THT 102 a4	westrä epe wat no	kuce	yäknesa krent pelaikne yā
121	THT 108 b9	pratiharintasa ceyna takarṣ(k)aṃ kekl(yu)tkormeṃ	kuce	tu pwārntse yarke yamaṣṣeñcaṃ
122	THT 133 a6	waike ; weṣṣälle ;	ku(c)e	/// a7 /// (mā)
123	THT 133 b1	/// b1 /// ;	(kuce)	ṣäp no kū;wo s·ṃ
124	THT 134 a1	4σ a1 w(a)t ;	kuce	sū weñī ; tu
125	THT 134 a3	12σ (pä)a3lskoī anaiśai ;	kuce	ṣṣāp no ceu ;
126	THT 135 b2	1σ b2 °ta pelaiknentse	kuce	kwä° /// b3 °nte
127	THT 136 a5	a5 /// °ññenmeṃ 10-9	kuce	– – a6 /// ññe
128	THT 147.4 a2	/// a2 /// mpeścem	kuce	/// b1 /// ñcä
129	THT 150 a2	a2 ṣarm mäsketrä •	kuce	no ṣpä kuse wa
130	THT 182 b4	pelaikne saṃskṛt west(rä) •	kuce	nesäṃ toṃ śtwāra saṃskṛ
131	THT 189 a1	ity artha • mā	kuce	tu pratisaṃkhyāni(rot) /// a2
132	THT 192 a4	yelpallona pīś āntseṃne yapäṣṣällona	kuce	b1 yāmorsa kälpauwa śak
133	THT 201 b1	m api śaktinānātvaṃ :	kuce	ṣpä toyna de ///
134	THT 202 a1	a1 /// kasya •	kuce	tu vaiśaṣiketse • govijñāna
135	THT 205 b5	; ṣe ysomo ;	kuce	ñaś ñakta ; pal(am)e (-c)
136	THT 216 a3	/// – – : 30-9	kuce	ñ(i)ś ña(ke) a4 ///
137	THT 229 a1	; mā pälskoym ;	kuce	ṣpä kektseñ ; rekisa
138	THT 231 b3	; se yakne ;	kuce	tu ñāssa ; ritanträ
139	THT 241 b5	takarṣkñesa ; nätkausa ;	kuce	palamai-c ; pälalyu :
140	THT 245 a4	; mā rinästār ;	kuce	ṣäa5p krentäṃ 10-8 kekmormen
141	THT 245 b2	– – – – ; b2 täṅwät	kuce	ṣäp ; kuse ci
142	THT 249.a a2	yarke ta(ṅk)s(a) wināskau-c 9	kuce	ñiś /// a3 lamai
143	THT 271 b1	wnolmeṃmpa mā karstoytär 30-9	kuce	ñiś kāmmai b2 tesa
144	THT 273 b4	mākā ; sneukī ynāñmä	kuce	ṣäp no k{ru}ī ;
145	THT 274 a1	a1	kuce	toṃ wñāwa ; āyorntā
146	THT 295 b6	ṣpä ; waimene b6	kuce	twe mentsi ; yamästä
147	THT 333 a10	keriyemane waiyke mā weṣṣälle	ku(c)e	(ṣpä) – – – – – b1 kuse
148	THT 339 b5	/// b5 /// 20-2	kuce	ñäś yāmtsī ṣäp ///
149	THT 339 b6	/// te 20-3 räksāmai	kuce	ñäś ṣä /// b7
150	THT 408 b3	ike poyśiṃñe laktse – – –	kuce	ceu ñyāssa ri ///
151	THT 422 a5	t· /// a5 ///	kuce	kälpāw(a) /// a6 ///
152	THT 431 a2	erepatesa tsäksenträ 6 ॥	kuce	cewne no sa a3
153	THT 431 b4	ñake tsäksenträ 7 ॥	kuce	cew nano saṅkrā
154	THT 523 a3	ki mā pālkaṃ :	kuce	ṣpä weṣäṃ ; –
155	THT 524 b1	b1 – ṇaṃ •	kuce	no kleśanma nanautauwa •
156	THT 528 b1	• yad uta •	kuce	– (•) jāyate pi
157	THT 547 a3	॥ yad uta •	kuce	tu ॥ /// ///
158	THT 548 a2	a2 /// rsaṣṣäṃ •	kuce	tu ṣe ṣe akṣārnta
159	THT 571 b6	(ta)vatriśne ñäktents ra :	kuce	yoksa añ·e /// 10σ
160	THT 597 a2	ceu ; tsälpelläññeṣṣe :	kuce	śärsāre ; emprentsa ;
161	THT 600 a2	bodhisatveṃts yātalñenta śraddhauñeṣṣe yātalñe	kuce	tu po cmelane krentaṃts
162	THT 600 a3	mäsketär-ne 1 tsirauññeṣṣe yātalñe	kuce	tu po cmelane krentaṃts
163	THT 600 a4	/// (mä)sketär-ne tsirauñeṣṣe yātalñe	kuce	tu po cmelane ketara
164	THT 600 a4	mäsketär 3 rilñeṣṣe yātalñe	kuce	tu a5 /// cmelane
165	THT 612 b3	/// kokalpäntai prekṣäṃ •	kuce	(t)w(e) /// b4 ///
166	THT 612 b4	/// b4 /// ṣṣäṃ	kuce	ṣarmtsa no osta ///
167	THT 626 a5	– /// a5 ///	kuce	ompalsko /// a6 ///
168	THT 628 a3	/// – saṃññauki •	kuce	/// a4 /// ka
169	THT 1170.d b4	b4 mā yātaṃ wentsi	kuce	c· /// b5 ṣ·e
170	THT 1193 and 2247 a6	śaul pest lnaṣäṃnme 40-9	kuce	no la kka ki
171	THT 1193 and 2247 b2	läkṣäṃ – – – lk·nträ :	kuce	kca tä – ///
172	THT 1279 b2	/// b2 ññe ksa	kuce	mā yāmī 5 ///
173	THT 1295 b3	b3 /// ·sa yärṣāte	kuce	kca palsko mantāwa –
174	THT 1326 b2	mantanta spärkoy tärñ· 30-6	kuce	paiykā /// b3 pā
175	THT 1373.d a3	a3 /// – ñä	kuce	la l· /// a4
176	THT 1381.m a2	a2 /// cä •	kuce	/// a3 /// s·eṃ
177	THT 1395.n b1	/// b1 /// lymaṃ	kuce	/// b2 /// matne
178	THT 1401.f b2	– – – – – – p· – :	kuce	pe k· /// b3
179	THT 1402.d a2	/// a2 /// ·rä	kuce	yäknesa – – /// a3
180	THT 1419.g b4	sū nesäṃ yolaiñe :	kuce	mā na śi :
181	THT 1432.r b1	/// – sā rne	kuce	ñä – ///
182	THT 1450.d a3	– – /// a3 ///	kuce	tne sā rñi kwä
183	THT 1452.b a5	– /// a5 śä	kuce	yam·ā /// b1 r·
184	THT 1517 a8	/// a8 /// n·	kuce	– – /// b1 ///
185	THT 1517 b4	/// – yā orotsai	kuce	k· – /// b5
186	THT 1526.b b3	/// b3 /// rtā	kuce	yäknesa ॥ bahudattā –
187	THT 1550 a2	/// ·n· pokse-ñ nai	kuce	t(a)mp klaina yamaskeṃ 8
188	THT 1550 b2	te se yetwentsa –	kuce	nai /// b3 ///
189	THT 1554 b2	b2 /// satwe weṣṣäṃ	kuce	(pä)knāṣṣītär yāmtsi cai –
190	THT 1573.h a4	/// a4 /// rmi	kuce	/// b1 /// yakneṃ
191	THT 1599.a b3	b3 /// ·sä ñäktā	kuce	ceu ñäktentsä ñ· ///
192	THT 1622.b a5	/// mā läktsauññai 3	kuce	ceṃ ya – skeṃ
193	THT 1680 a2	nesem • walo weṣṣäṃ	kuce	lkāścer-ne pe /// a3
194	THT 1859 a5	ṣkäs känte tmane pikwäla	kuce	se cärka kektseñä 60-3
195	THT 1917 b2	/// sa • 50-2	kuce	ṣarmts· /// b3 ///
196	THT 2182 b1	/// b1 /// – –	kuce	– /// b2 ///
197	THT 2258.v b1	a2 k·ä /// b1	kuce	– /// b2 ·o
198	THT 2283 a3	/// a3 ṣi ṣañ	kuce	– /// b1 nt·
199	THT 2368 b3	/// b3 /// – –	kuce	·i – – tu o
200	THT 2377.r a4	a4 lmi kektsenne ysänträ	kuce	– /// b1 lñe
201	THT 2561 b2	b2 /// p· ytse	kuce	/// b3 /// –
202	THT 2991 a1	a1 /// rme	kuce	/// a2 /// ·i
203	THT 3059 a3	a3 /// – śa	kuce	ñi – /// a4
204	THT 3203 b2	/// b2 /// ṅk·	kuce	ceu palsko – pe
205	THT 3280 a3	saṃsārne mā yänmāṣṣäṃ :	kuce	no /// b1 ///
206	THT 3598.d a3	/// a3 /// 4	kuce	yamenträ kre /// b1
207	THT 3599.a b6	/// – – ·ā tne	kuce	cpi mänte ///
208	THT 3600.a a3	ne /// a3 ññeṃ	kuce	/// a4 pe rpe
209	THT 3601.d a3	– śmi mar :	kuce	ne /// a4 ///
210	THT 3687 a1	a1 /// – –	kuce	nta – /// a2
211	THT 3779 a3	– m·aṃ : 40	kuce	yā – /// b1

k_uc=

1

THT 274 a2

onolmī papaṣṣorññe;sa pärna ;

kuc=

āyo(rnta) (yā);(morntasa) a3 (30-5)