yai

Cite this page as:	"yai". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_B_yai (accessed 16 Dec. 2025).
Meaning:	“to go”
Word class:	verb
Language:	TB
Equivalent in TA:	i-
Lexeme variants:	yai
Person:	third
Number:	singular
Tense/Mood:	imperfect
Root character:	non-a-character
Internal root vowel:	vowel-schwa
Stem:	present
Stem class:	1-2
Valency:	intransitive
Voice:	active

Paradigm

	sg.act	pl.act	du.act	sg.mid	pl.mid	du.mid
1	yaim, yam, yam-c	yeyem, ynem, ynem-ne
2	yait, yat	yaicer, yacer
3	yey, yai, yey-ne, yaṃ, yaṃ-ne, yan-me	yeyeṃ, yeye-ñ, yneṃ, yneṃ-ne

Lexeme family

• i-
  • i- “to go” gv
    • ynūca “going, goer”

      	sg.m	pl.m
      nom	ynūca	ynūcañ
      gen	ynūcantse

    • i- “to go” gv.prs1/2

      	sg.act	pl.act
      1	yaim, yam, yam-c	yeyem, ynem, ynem-ne
      2	yait, yat	yaicer, yacer
      3	yey, yai, yey-ne, yaṃ, yaṃ-ne, yan-me	yeyeṃ, yeye-ñ, yneṃ, yneṃ-ne

      • yalle “to be going” part.prs1/2

        	sg.m
        nom	yalle

      • ynemane “going” part.prs1/2

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	ynemane	ynemane	ynemane	ynemane
        acc	ynemane	ynemane	ynemane	ynemane

      • yneñca “going” ptcp.prs1/2

        	sg.m	sg.f
        nom	yneñca	yneñca
        acc	yneñcai	yneñcai

      • yalñe “going” abstr.prs1/2

        	sg
        nom	yalñe
        acc	yalñe
        loc	yalyñene
        perl	yalñesa

    • i- “to go” gv.subj1/2

      	sg.act
      1	yam

      • yatsi “to go” inf.n.subj1/2

        	sg
        nom	yatsi
        acc	yatsi
        all	yatsiśc

    • i- “to go” gv.imp7

      	sg.act	pl.act
      2	paṣ	pcīso

    • i- “to go” gv.pret
      • yku “having gone” part.pret

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	ykuweṣ, yku		ykuweṣ	ykuwa
        acc	ykuweṣ	ykusai	ykuweṣ	ykuwa
        gen	ykuweṣepi
        loc	ykuweṣne
        comit		ykusaimpa

        • ykuwer “coming” abstr.pret

          	sg
          nom	ykuwer
          acc	ykuwer
          loc	ykuwerne
          abl	ykuwermeṃ

  • ymāne “on the way”
    • ymanār “each on its way (?)”

Occurrences

yai

1	IOL Toch 238 b1	b1 /// (lye)lyaku •	yai	• mä /// b2
2	IOL Toch 275 a2	klautkesa postaṃñe saṃwar mā	yai	/// a3 /// °ntaṣ
3	IOL Toch 435 a2	/// – wā ñsu	yai	/// a3 /// yś(e)lmeṃ
4	IOL Toch 543 b3	ket āñme krent etswai	yai	ṣe /// b4 ///
5	IOL Toch 633 b2	/// b2 /// ·e	yai	• – /// b3
6	IOL Toch 661 b2	ṣñār /// b2 ///	yai	po ///
7	Kz-118-ZS-Q-02 a2	– – ·w· – – – ·ṣä	yai	··o a3 ce akālksa
8	Kz-213-ZS-Q-02 a3	kärtse pälsko no ñ·	yai	ṣṣä yarkeśc rmamoṣe ka
9	THT 51 a2	12σ 5σ /// ;	yai	e kauc yai ;
10	THT 51 a2	; yai e kauc	yai	; kauc etteś 60-8
11	THT 82 b5	6σ ///	yai	kauc iprerne : toṃ
12	THT 127 b7	b7 9σ ///	yai	cpi ; eṅwi(ntse) – – – – –
13	THT 242 a2	– l(a);ṣṣe anaiśai ;	yai	– – – spaitu yo ///
14	THT 247 a3	a3 3σ 13σ ///	yai	30-4 ṣäṅkwaṣai ṣäñ ;
15	THT 282 b7	he;tubālike bhavāggrä postäññe ;	yai	7σ
16	THT 290 a6	14σ a6 ṅkolmo ;	yai	ṣek imassu 6 te
17	THT 388 a5	(mant) a5 kauṃ (w)eṣ	yai	; pudñäkte ; bram-ñäkte
18	THT 391 b3	·t{†ä} /// b3 ///	yai	klautsaisa siṃhaḍadvīpä /// b4
19	THT 547 a7	• t· /// ///	yai	– b1 – – – ·siś
20	THT 602.b a4	a4 /// po y(e)twentsa	yai	/// a5 /// yaito
21	THT 1178 b2	lkātsi – /// śc·	yai	twai ye /// b3
22	THT 1224 b2	/// b2 lñesa preke	yai	·m· /// b3 pepekoṣ
23	THT 1286 b2	/// b2 /// (kapilava)stune	yai	– – • cai –
24	THT 1307 b4	b4 /// – 7	yai	– ///
25	THT 1325 a3	a3 pärkä – sa	yai	– sā ·e ///
26	THT 1344.d a2	·m· – /// a2	yai	10-4 – lyñ· sa
27	THT 1347 a7	a7 /// ñ ṣek	yai	·o – – – – k·e ///
28	THT 1356.h b2	b2 /// bhyā •	yai	• ///
29	THT 1395.q b2	/// b2 /// ·ṣ·	yai	nme – /// b3
30	THT 1395.s a1	a1 /// –	yai	ne l· /// a2
31	THT 1396.i a2	/// a2 /// ·e	yai	nmu ri to ///
32	THT 1397.f b2	– /// b2 ///	yai	ko ///
33	THT 1397.l a2	– /// a2 ///	yai	ne • ṣä ///
34	THT 1404.g b1	b1 /// ṣṣ· po	yai	/// b2 /// –
35	THT 1424.a b1	pa /// b1 ///	yai	/// b2 /// tkane
36	THT 1431.b b4	/// b4 /// wā	yai	po tärkānte ///
37	THT 1520 b2	/// ste saṃsārmeṃ läñī	yai	m· – – – – /// b3
38	THT 1544.b a4	/// a4 /// ·e	yai	·lai /// b2 ///
39	THT 1556 b3	kauṃ pañäkte lkātsi veṇuvaṃn(e)	yai	– – ṣañ b4 ///
40	THT 1563.m b2	b2 /// ·ā lñe	yai	– /// b3 ///
41	THT 1573.f a2	/// a2 /// –	yai	/// b1 /// –
42	THT 1579 a1	k· lle – kca	yai	– – re – – – pr·
43	THT 1595.f b3	/// ·ai – – l·e	yai	tsa ne – pe
44	THT 1603.a a1	pra pa nma sa	yai	/// a2 /// ṣṣa
45	THT 1603.e a2	l· /// a2 ///	yai	– /// b1 ///
46	THT 1609.a a5	/// – yo lyi	yai	neṃ – /// a6
47	THT 1701 b1	·i /// b1 ///	yai	ku – /// b2
48	THT 1930 a2	/// a2 /// śīl	yai	/// a3 /// duśśīl
49	THT 2259.b b4	/// – mā ññ·	yai	·ne nt· /// b5
50	THT 2326 a2	rra ·n· /// a2	yai	nmu /// a3 yolai
51	THT 2361 b2	/// ñca ma yā	yai	ne ॥ /// b3
52	THT 2369.s b4	r·o /// b4 ///	yai	///
53	THT 2375.ii a1	a1 /// –	yai	ṣe ·i /// a2
54	THT 2376.l a4	a4 /// ·ā kca	yai	y·a ·e /// a5
55	THT 2378.g b3	mñäkte ·ai – rtso	yai	///
56	THT 2382.h a2	a2 /// śi nts·	yai	to ṣṣä l· ///
57	THT 2386.a a1	a1 ///	yai	ma na /// a2
58	THT 2659 b1	b1 /// – ku·e	yai	– ///
59	THT 3019 a2	/// a2 /// l·	yai	– – /// a3 ///
60	THT 3108 b2	/// ly· k·a ne	yai	/// b3 /// we
61	THT 3286 b1	/// b1 /// –	yai	k· śt· 50 ///
62	THT 3325 a2	/// a2 /// n·	yai	– /// a3 ///
63	THT 3686 b3	– /// b3 ///	yai	ma ·e – – ///
64	THT 3688 a1	a1 ///	yai	kne ṣä /// a2