sāṃ

Cite this page as:	"sāṃ". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_B_sāṃ (accessed 23 Jun. 2025).
Meaning:	demonstrative stem
Word class:	adjective
Word subclass:	pronoun
Language:	TB
Lexeme variants:	sāṃ; san; saṃ
Number:	singular
Case:	nominative
Gender:	feminine

Paradigm

	sg.m	sg.f	sg.n	pl.m	pl.f	pl.n	du.m	du.f	du.n
nom	se, seṃ, samp, su, su-k	sā, sāṃ, somp, sāu	te, teṃ, tamp, tu, te-k, tu-k	cai, caimp, ceya-k	toy, toyna, toymp, toṃ, tona-k		tai, tai-k
voc
acc	ce, ceṃ, comp, co, cau, ce-k, cau-k	tā, tāṃ, tomp, tāu, tā-k	te, teṃ, tamp, tu, te-k, tu-k	ceṃ, cenän, ceyna, cena-k	toy, toyna, toymp, toṃ, tona-k		tai, tai-k
gen	cwi, cwimp	tāy	tentse, tuntse	cenaṃts, ceṃts, ceynaṃts, cempaṃts, centsa-k	toynaṃts, toṃts		tainaisi, tainaisäñ
loc	cene, caune, cene-k		tūne, teṃne, tu-kne
comit	caumpa		tempa		toynampa
inst
abl	cemeṃ, caumeṃ		temen, teṃmeṃ, tammeṃ, tumeṃ	ceṃmeṃ	toṃmeṃ
perl	compsa, causa		tesa, tūsa, tusa, tusā-k	ceynasa	toṃtsa
all	cewäśc		teśc, tuśc	cenäśc
caus

Lexeme family

• s- demonstrative stem dem
  • cwiññe “pertaining to this one” “his, her, its”

    	sg.m	pl.f
    nom	cwiññe	cwiññana
    acc	cwiññe	cwiññana

  • sanuññe “hatred, enmity, hostility” msg

    	sg
    nom	sanuññe
    acc	sanuññe

  • tumpa “then, therewith”
  • tuwak “this [emphatic]”
  • tune “there in, in it”

Occurrences

san

1	THT 255 a6	timia6rä ; śaiṣṣentse ;	san	empelle ; añmäntse orkämñana
2	THT 338 b4	/// ; (mi)wän	san	ken{†ä} ṣkäs-yäkne 60-1 ka

sāṃ

1	IOL Toch 585 a3	/// a3 /// vā	sāṃ	pra – /// a4
2	IOL Toch 792 a2	a2 /// ·s pelkiñ	sāṃ	– /// a3 ///
3	PK AS 13B b6	b6 /// p(re)kṣäṃ ñakta	sāṃ	lkālñeṣṣa peñiya pañäkte(ntse) (kektsentsa)
4	THT 27 b7	preśya śamn ompostäṃ ;	sāṃ	pelaiknentse 60-9 kuse ñi
5	THT 112 b4	seṃ se ste •	sāṃ	klyomña o /// b5
6	THT 1380.k b4	/// na ce nā	sāṃ	/// b5 /// –
7	THT 1394.z a2	– /// a2 ///	sāṃ	– /// a3 ///
8	THT 1539.d b3	rasos(a) /// (a) b3	sāṃ	/// b4 ///
9	THT 3071.i a1	a1 /// nä	sāṃ	/// b1 /// – –

saṃ

1	IOL Toch 85 a4	ṣpä tākoy po kärsauca	saṃ	– /// a5 ///
2	IOL Toch 87 b4	– – – /// b4 mokṣya	saṃ	– – – – sā vā pi
3	IOL Toch 88 a8	/// a8 /// ·ā	saṃ	: karūṃtsa eṅkä(l) ///
4	IOL Toch 167 b3	– āte – b3	saṃ	ca r· va vi
5	IOL Toch 167 b7	tr· y· vya mi	saṃ	·i – – – dhāṃjali b8
6	IOL Toch 241 b3	a – /// b3	saṃ	ka ṣp eñcīmar cīsa
7	IOL Toch 537 b2	/// ·l· • kälpau	s()aṃ	nu r·· ///
8	IOL Toch 623 b3	/// b3 /// –	saṃ	///
9	IOL Toch 641 b1	– /// b1 ///	saṃ	ṣe /// b2 ///
10	IOL Toch 664 b1	/// b1 /// mpā	saṃ	/// b2 /// –
11	Kz-211-ZS-R-03 a1	yäkwī yoto – – –	saṃ	ñi pälsko mäkte kwipe
12	SI P 141 b1	tarya käṃnte • b1	saṃ	4 4 1 mase
13	THT 8 a1	mā sak onwaññ(e) – – – – – –	saṃ	ksa āke ra ///
14	THT 158 a4	a4 /// pr(e)ściyaṣṣi āntsi	saṃ	– r ñem kuse
15	THT 188 a4	dharmā • kuse toy	saṃ	/// a5 /// y(a)ta
16	THT 190 b3	/// b3 mpa tasemane	saṃ	/// b4 tketsa weskema
17	THT 193 b3	śak dravyanma • nemcekaññe	saṃ	b4 /// āyatanadravyi ot
18	THT 194 b5	cotpadyate vijñānaṃ cakṣurvijñānam iti	saṃ	b6 /// rśanaṃ •
19	THT 282 a3	; mā tākoy 10-9	saṃ	a4 6σ /// śaiṣṣe
20	THT 350 b1	se brahma(da)tt(e) walo nimittājñeṃ	saṃ	– – – ··āhmaṇeṃ ñaṣṣa :
21	THT 359 a4	asaṃkhyainta kante kalpanmane ainakeṃ	saṃ	/// a5 kätkausai preścīyaine
22	THT 520 a2	: aknātsa(ññeṣṣe) yenme tsyārasta	saṃ	/// a3 /// peprutkoṣ
23	THT 569 a2	/// t·me p·· –	saṃ	ñ(e)m ersna ṣpä a3
24	THT 1171 a5	/// ·i – – – l·o	saṃ	/// b1 /// – – –
25	THT 1205.d a3	a3 /// – ñce	saṃ	/// a4 /// –
26	THT 1207 b4	/// b4 /// ha	saṃ	mi ///
27	THT 1310 a2	śolne ·y· se –	saṃ	• ru ·sts· n·
28	THT 1310 b2	– wā – – – ṅ·ā	saṃ	– – ·k· nä ṣye
29	THT 1316.a b3	b3 /// a ho	saṃ	– /// b4 ///
30	THT 1338.b b2	/// b2 /// –	saṃ	skā b3 /// –
31	THT 1351 a4	snā pä syo po	saṃ	·ṃ – /// a5
32	THT 1351 b4	re y·thā pu ṣyaṃ	saṃ	/// b5 /// ·w·
33	THT 1358 a3	nyraṃ cai tā ḍa	saṃ	– /// a4 ///
34	THT 1372.f a2	/// a2 /// ·m·	saṃ	sā – /// b1
35	THT 1374.k a2	sy· /// a2 ///	saṃ	vid·a ·e /// b1
36	THT 1376.c b2	/// b2 /// –	saṃ	nā ///
37	THT 1378.a b4	– /// b4 ///	saṃ	– /// b5 ///
38	THT 1378.d b2	b2 /// – – śā	saṃ	va – /// b3
39	THT 1378.d b4	b4 /// tse yäṣ	saṃ	– /// b5 ///
40	THT 1382.e a3	a3 /// – cā	saṃ	tmäṃ a4 /// ·ā
41	THT 1382.e b5	/// ntuṣ b5 ///	saṃ	ā – b6 ///
42	THT 1384.o b2	– /// b2 tvā	saṃ	/// b3 l·a ///
43	THT 1393.i a1	te s· 50 po	saṃ	/// a2 /// lymi
44	THT 1397.h b2	b2 /// – ma	saṃ	·n· ///
45	THT 1398.b b4	/// b4 /// – –	saṃ	·täṃ rñe – ///
46	THT 1404.e a2	– ·l· ste •	saṃ	westär – /// a3
47	THT 1412.j b4	– /// b4 ///	saṃ	kna cne ptāñkät kä
48	THT 1415.b a2	/// ·e ·me la	saṃ	·ā /// a3 ///
49	THT 1416.c a1	/// ॥ candane träṅkäṣ	saṃ	yā /// a2 ///
50	THT 1424.i b2	– – rākṣ maṅkāl po	saṃ	/// b3 /// māś
51	THT 1534.a a4	/// a4 va śva	saṃ	va jva raṃ ·ā
52	THT 1543.a b4	– /// b4 lkāṣäṃ	saṃ	/// b5 ecce yarno
53	THT 1626.b a5	– /// a5 ///	saṃ	: 100 /// b1
54	THT 1636.b b2	/// ntu pältsäkyo •	saṃ	/// b3 /// l·
55	THT 1647.a a2	ddha /// a2 ///	saṃ	na bhū /// a3
56	THT 1648.b b2	b2 /// sse mwa	saṃ	/// b3 /// śa
57	THT 1668 b1	b1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ce la	saṃ	– b2 – – – – – ma
58	THT 1691 b2	b2 /// – tā	saṃ	/// b3 /// –
59	THT 1723 a2	a2 /// – pa	saṃ	nvā nte /// b1
60	THT 1799 b3	/// – ·pa :	saṃ	– /// b4 ///
61	THT 1855 b4	tvo kti cc· tni	saṃ	wña – /// b5
62	THT 2257.u b1	/// b1 /// –	saṃ	/// b2 /// – –
63	THT 2374.kk a3	/// a3 /// –	saṃ	– /// b1 ///
64	THT 2374.w a3	/// a3 /// –	saṃ	bhā /// b1 ///
65	THT 2377.w b4	mi ta ṣa va	saṃ	yo – – /// b5
66	THT 2382.n a3	r·a ·o dhā dvi	saṃ	yu /// b1 ///
67	THT 2454 b2	/// b2 /// peṃ	saṃ	: wä /// b3
68	THT 2647 b2	b2 /// tākaṣ tumeṃ	saṃ	– /// b3 ///
69	THT 2969 a1	·ā ri ma ti	saṃ	– /// b1 ///
70	THT 2979.c b1	– /// b1 ///	saṃ	jñ· ṣu • –
71	THT 2981.h a2	– /// a2 ///	saṃ	yu – /// b1
72	THT 2995 a2	/// – ñiś śaiṣṣe	saṃ	ñāt kl· /// a3
73	THT 3020 a1	a1 /// ·ä kna	saṃ	yaṃ – /// a2
74	THT 3119.b b2	– /// b2 ///	saṃ	– ///
75	THT 3170 b4	/// b4 /// –	saṃ	na ji walo –
76	THT 3180.g a2	/// ·ni na •	saṃ	– /// a3 ///
77	THT 3206 b2	·ce /// b2 ///	saṃ	khyā – /// b3
78	THT 3247 a1	a1 /// – pā	saṃ	– – no – – ///
79	THT 3266.a a2	/// a2 /// –	saṃ	– /// b1 ///
80	THT 3286 b3	b3 /// no ṣäṃ	saṃ	warsasta ///
81	THT 3499 b2	/// ·ṃ • tarya	saṃ	– ///
82	THT 3564 b5	– – /// b5 ///	saṃ	mu – • wāt
83	THT 3601.b b1	b1 /// ·m· ts·	saṃ	sā /// b2 ///
84	THT 3621.d b2	/// b2 /// –	saṃ	·ā ///
85	THT 3650.a b2	– /// b2 ///	saṃ	– – ///
86	THT 3673.c a2	/// a2 /// –	saṃ	·āṃ – /// b1
87	THT 3772.b a2	/// a2 /// –	saṃ	– /// b1 ///
88	THT 3809.e a1	a1 /// mā	saṃ	– /// b1 ///
89	THT 3921.a a2	– /// a2 ///	saṃ	ṣ· /// a3 ///
90	THT 4026 b2	n· /// b2 ///	saṃ	pha ///
91	THT 4059 b1	a4 ywārtsa yaltse b1	saṃ	10 māse 4 1
92	THT 4061 a5	– – – a5 – ce	saṃ	ṣo – – ·e –
93	THT 4062 b1	o= käṃnte ṣuktaa3mka b1	saṃ	10 māse 3 divase