THT 15
| Known as: | THT 15; B 15 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Hannes A. Fellner. "THT 15". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht15 (accessed 27 Jul. 2024). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Hannes A. Fellner |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 64.20, T III Š 99, T III Š 101 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Udānālaṅkāra |
| Passage: | Book 8 (Vācāvarga), strophes 11d-19. |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Doctrine |
| Verse/Prose: | verse |
| Meter: | M25 |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | Udānālaṅkāra A |
| Following fragment: | THT 16 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 8 |
Transliteration
| a1 | – – m· ṣu kkau /// /// l[ts]ā nt· [c]e [wp]re [ke] – – – – swā na nde tri [k]· l·· [l]· /// /// [y]ś[i]ṃ śre kau na [:] [s]· mwa sta [sa] – – – |
|---|---|
| a2 | [p]r[i] t· [ṣ]·· – lym· ne /// /// : ke klyau [ṣ]·· e ṅ·· ·e lai kne nta ṣai¯ ¯m po ma rsā /// /// [s]·· nte lle cme la saṃ sā [rmpa] – – – – |
| a3 | pu d·ä k·e ntse – – r·· tñe [o] /// /// sti ri ṣṣi u pā sa ki ka nte nma sa śle k[ri] /// /// k[e] no pu dñ· – – – lkā [ṣyeṃ] – – – – – – – – |
| a4 | neṃ : ke kmu s[ai] we rt· ·ai ly· /// /// [k]te la [kl]e s – [ntsai] pe pa lyka s[ai] [pe] lai /// /// [kc]i ya ma nta¯ ¯r ma [kci]· – – – – – [m]· – – p· na ntra |
| a5 | – – – 3 wno lmi ta llā ñco nā /// /// ṣa ña[¯] [¯]ñ[m] – – – lko a ṅkaiṃ [ṣ]e ·[eṃ] /// /// [k]· [o¯] [¯t] nrai lkā – au [wr]o cc[e] k[o] [skre] [nta] [ntsa] ta ttaṃ nā ki a |
| a6 | – – tte ne ṣa mye : – ··ä ··e we we [ño¯] [¯s̝] /// /// ¯s̝ śī lnā streṃ ṣa mā ññ· ṣṣe ṣa [nmī] rñe /// /// ·au [nya] ṣi ce¯ ¯u – – [nā] k[i] [n]e ṣmy[e] snai ya |
| a7 | – – 10 4 /// /// lykwa rwa mā ka cme la mā ka lkā s̝s̝aṃ /// /// rpse nta rne ā [ly]· [c]· – nrai [ṣṣ]e [wn]o lme [ta] [ll]· – : spe lke so |
| a8 | – stra [kr]e /// /// sa ce¯ ¯u au na s̝s̝a nme a ra ñcne : ai śa mñe /// /// [pa] ls·o [ṣṣa] [na] [kre] ntau na – – [k]· [m]· – – lme[ṃ] tsma kāṃ¯ ¯t[s] pa |
| b1 | – nta [pu] /// /// na ki ṣṣe : śra ddhe nä¯ ¯ts nau ske ka llā [ṣ]na [ra] /// /// ·ñ· ·s· : a [p]s[ā] [l]ts· yā – – – – – – rṇa nma sa s̝a |
| b2 | – nta sa /// /// l[ñ]e ṣṣe pī le ne ka tkreṃ m[ā] cū rṇne saṃ /// /// pā [ṣṣo] rñe ṣṣe śau[¯] [¯l] [cwi] [s]o mpa [s]tra – – – – sklo¯ ¯k ta nma s̝s̝aṃ kre |
| b3 | – [n]· ne cwi ñña na – – ¯t – m· pr· [l]·e /// /// lmeṃ tsa cai sklo ka cci kra mpo[¯] [¯s̝] ·e ·e /// /// k· ·au – – – – – – – – ·rau – [sa] e neṃ ta ttā wa śa rī |
| b4 | – – – – l·o ṣa¯ ¯ñä ṣa rsa kau to yk[s]a /// /// ce¯ ¯u mā – – – [nā] ki we ñi /// /// [r]ka llā ll[e] – – ··[au] ·[eṃ] p· [l]· – nta ṣa mā ni tn[e] a |
| b5 | – ·k· : lu ta s·e ntro stmeṃ /// /// ntra mā – ¯[t] – m[pa] toṃ laṃ sū na lāṃ ṣtsi /// /// [toṃ] [snai] ya rmwro tsa na – – – – – – – – – ·[o] ṣkre nto |
| b6 | pe – kn· : – – – [p]r· nne /// /// [ke] ntse ykā k[e] śa ll[e] po tu mai yya ṣa mā neṃ¯ ¯[ts] /// /// [pa] pā ṣṣo s̝aṃ[¯] [¯ts] – ·[t]· tsw· [s̝]s̝a – – – – – – |
| b7 | mye : pe lai kne ṣṣe ·[au] /// /// meṃ śā saṃ – [n]· – – [c]wi kra ms̝aṃ tsi rau ñe – /// /// [śau] la nma sa pa pā ṣṣo rñe w[ä] – – : |
| b8 | – – t·o ·o ñ· /// /// sku mā ñi ne [sa]ṃ – – – – 9 nā kya tā – tte /// /// a kā śa śra¯ ¯m[t] tau r[t]·e ye : – – – |
(continues on THT 16)
Transcription
(continues on THT 16)
Translation
| a1 | [11d] |
|---|---|
| a1 | ... [for] seven days ... they were put under pressure at that time. (Then spoke) Ānanda, confused (by suffering, with folded hands, lamenting), the[se] words to the omni(scient): |
| a1+ | "Oh shelter ([and] refuge, oh lord,) ... In the directions (I have gone astray, all confused I am by the suffering). |
| a2 | The laws heard I had grasped, [but now] all I have forgotten, (by myself alone the burden cannot be borne). One may (not) have trust in the births and the Saṃsāra (here. |
| a2+ | That which is named dveṣa), (the great) displeasure (came over) the Buddha. |
| a3 | [12d] |
| a3 | (There came believers), inhabitants from the town of (Śrāva)stī and laypeople in hundreds ... ... they are sprinkling the whole earth [with water]. |
| a3+ | The Buddha they saw (in [his] appearance and separately) the monks. |
| a4 | (The Buddha s)aw the assembly that came unhappy and tormented, ([and] he proclaimed) the law: |
| a4+ | "(If the beings) do (the deeds them)selves, they themselves will receive (the terrible fruit from this) (in their births.) |
| a5 | [13d] |
| a5 | The miserable beings blamed themselves, (let evoke) false (thought and put blame onto the good). |
| a5+ | I see no other hell as great as when onto the good they put blame [and] un(found)ed slander. |
| a6 | Here (good ones [are]) called (those, who stand in) pure moral behavior, in the discipline of monkhood, of novitiate (and of lay brotherhood, which also in the eight-fold discipline stand even d)ay and night. |
| a6+ | (If [one] on such [good ones] (puts) blame and slander without (reason, will therefore, when he dies, be [re]born in hell) many times [and] see [there] many births [and] (many sufferings). |
| a7 | (The many Buddhas, when they arise in the world, already) indicate to one another the miserable hell-being. |
| a7+ | The zeal such a one takes from the go(od beings). |
| a8 | [15d] |
| a8 | (With such an arrow of speaking blame) he strikes them in the heart. Reason, (service, also meditation,) the spiritual virtues (he steals from them). |
| a8+ | Of many beings it dis(turbs the thought, |
| b1 | onto the law of the) Bu(ddha he strews the dust) of blame, [he] brings depression into the heart of believers, ([he] gives joy to the disbelievers and gives [them] the opportunity to speak [blame]). |
| b1+ | [If] with a sword one ma(kes a wound on the body, with po)wder [and] ointment (the flesh comes into being again). |
| b2 | [16d] |
| b2 | For the deep wound of bla(me there is no powder, no cure, no ointments [and] cleansing medicine.) He takes from him the life of [moral] behavior), |
| b2+ | and for the entire world he creates) doubt about) the virtues of this one." |
| b3 | (Soon it [will not be]) bearable for (all be)ings, they will be in doubt, disturbed (and are looking askance towards him. |
| b3+ | (What should Buddha, even if ... with seven jewels ..., [have to do] with a heap of remains put in [the ditch]? |
| b4 | [17d] |
| b4 | (Ra)ther someone else has slain her with his own hand (and) spoke un(founded) blame (against the Buddha, even though [moral] behaviour have been kept up. From the monks one) will have to obtain (what one has learned, for they have heard the laws). |
| b4+ | The monks here (at [their] own) wish go from the house |
| b5 | [and] become (teachers). Will (you) then not be able to accomplish what needs to be accomplished (of the law? |
| b5+ | Of/from/by the Buddha are) these great without measure ... the good law ... |
| b6 | [18d] |
| b6 | (Of/from/by the worthy) it must still be recognised. All this is the power of the monks. |
| b6+ | Therefore ... even if the virtues are obeyed, he says ... evil rumour. |
| b7 | ... righteous (li)fe ... commandment ... he disturbs the energy ... ... through the lives the [moral] behavior ... |
| b8 | ... to me it is not ... unfounded blame ... like dust and ashes to the air ... |
(continues on THT 16)
Other
| a2 | Die gehörten Gesetze hatte ich erfasst, [aber] alles habe ich vergessen, es wird von mir (allein) nicht getragen die Last(?). (Schmidt 1974: 262) |
|---|---|
| a4+ | Wenn die Wesen [aus sich] selbst die Taten tun, genießen sie eben selbst die schreckliche Frucht davon in den Geburten. (Schmidt 1974: 490) |
| a6 | Die unglücklichen Wesen machten sich selbst schlecht; sie hatten falsche Ansicht hervorgebracht und legten Tadel auf die Guten. (Schmidt 1974: 316-7) |
| a7 | Die vielen Buddhas weisen schon, [wenn] sie in der Welt aufstehen, einer den anderen auf das unglücklich[ste] Höllenwesen hin. (Schmidt 1974: 322) |
| a7+ | Den Eifer nimmt ein solcher den guten Wesen. (Schmidt 1974: 408) |
| a8 | Mit solchem Pfeil des Tadelsprechens trifft er sie [scil. die guten] ins Herz. (Schmidt 1974: 368) |
| b4+ | Die Mönche gehen hier (auf) [ihren] Wunsch aus dem Hause [und] werden Lehrer. (Schmidt 1974: 298) |
Commentary
Parallel texts
| THT 17 |
Philological commentary
| This leaf is severely damaged; it contains strophes 11d-19 of the Vācāvarga (VIII); THT 17, which is less damaged, contains strophes 12-18, all in a 4x25 syllable-metre (rhythm 5/5/8/7). Thus, both leaves supplement each other and cover the same content, i.e. part of the conversation between Buddha and Ānanda after Buddha’s first sickness; cf. also THT 27 and THT 45. On the contents see Rockhill 1907: 131, and Waldschmidt 1944: 91ff, Waldschmidt 1948: 196ff. | |
| n1 | kau(ṃ) amended according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 166; (kä)ltsānt(e) amended according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 24 fn. 3; tumeṃ supplemented according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 24 fn. 4; trik(au) l(ak)l(e)sa (añcāl-ṣarne pälwāmane) supplemented based on THT 17 a1; (weña po)yśiṃś amended according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 24; sa(swa) amended according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 24 fn. 5. |
| n2 | (kä)lym(iṃ)ne (ñäś) amended according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 24 fn. 6; (tetrīku po trikau nesau laklesa) supplemented based on THT 17 a2; keklyauṣ(wa) eṅ(ku p)elaiknenta amended according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 40 fn.5; märsā(wa mā tlanatär-ñ) supplemented based on THT 17 a2; (perpette ṣemeskepi mā tne) s(pä)ntelle supplemented according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 24 fn. 7 and 8; (dveṣe) supplemented according to Hackstein et al. 2014: 44; (ñem se) supplemented based on THT 17 a3. |
| n3 | (śem) (e)r(ka)tñe o(rotse 12 kameṃ śraddheño śrāva)sti supplemented based on THT 17 a3; (pärsnoṃ po), pudñ(äkte ka ṣp), and (rupne ślek waiptāyar) supplemented based on THT 17 a4. |
| n4 | The form pepalykasai should be corrected to pepalykusai in the transcription according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 40 fn. 12 based on THT 17 a6. |
| n5 | (ṣamā)neṃ supplemented based on THT 17 a4; ly(āka pudñä)kte amended based on THT 17 a4 and a5; pelai(kn= ākṣa tu yparwe : yāmornta wnolmi ma)kci supplemented based on THT 17 a5; mäkci(k tuntse okw empelye wär)p(a)nanträ supplemented based on THT 17 a5. |
| n6 | (cmelane) supplemented based on THT 17 a5; nā(ksante), (eroṣ pi)lko, and (tesar ṣ nāki krentäṃtsa mā niśä kc= ālye)k amended and supplemented based on THT 17 a6. |
| n7 | a(tāka)tte, (kreñc tn)e, (kuse stmo)ṣ, and ṣanmīrñe(ṣṣe upāsakñeṣṣe saṃvarne : postaññe rano =ktace saṃvarne stmoṣ k)aun supplemented based on THT 17 a7. |
| n8 | ya(mor), (sū temeñ sraukaṃ nraine māka), and (läklenta māka pudñäkti tsaṅkaṃ śaiṣṣene) supplemented based on THT 17 a8. |
| n9 | kre(ntats sū wnolmets nāki welñe prere), (spaktāṃ ślek ompalskoññe cowai ram no tärkanaṃne), k(ra)m(ṣäṃ sū wno)lmeṃts supplemented based on THT 17 b1. |
| n10 | pu(dñäktäṃññe pelaiknesa taur śār katnaṃ) supplemented based on THT 17 b2; ara(ñcne aśrāddhetsä katkauñ= aiṣṣäṃ laute aiṣṣäṃ), (wel)ñ(ent)s(e), and yā(mu pīle kektseṃne cu)rṇanmasa supplemented based on THT 17 b3. |
| n11 | (nano mīsa rattaṅkeṃ : nāki we)lñeṣṣe supplemented based on THT 17 b3; (mā – – – mā ṣälypenta śodhanta 16 pa)pāṣṣorñeṣṣe and (po śaiṣṣentse) supplemented based on THT 17 b4. |
| n12 | (o)t – m(ā) pr(a)l(l)e (msketär) amended by Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 25 fn. 2; instead of (o)t (sam) m(ā) as originally proposed by Sieg and Siegling here Hackstein et al. 2014: 59 opt for a particle like ṣpä, no, or ka. (po wno)lmeṃts supplemented, (c)e(wn)e (pkänte-pilko mäskentär • mäkte pat tākoy ṣukt naumyentasa) supplemented based on THT 17 b5. |
| n13 | : (o)l(yp)o, (pat), mā-(tākacce), and (papāṣṣoṣäts krentäṃtsä ṣamānenmeṃ ste supplemented based on THT 17 b6. āklo)r källālle (cai no kly)au(ṣy)eṃ p(e)l(aikne)nta ṣamāni tne amended according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 25 fn. 4 and 5. |
| n14 | a(kāl)k(sa) amended according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 25 fn. 4 and 5. (käṣṣinta mske)nträ supplemented based on THT 17 b7. (tw= o)t (ca)mpät {t}oṃ amended and corrected by Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 26 fn. 3. (pelaikneṣṣana : pudñäktentse) supplemented on THT 17 b7. |
| n16 | Sieg and Siegling 1983: 42 fn. 9 takes eśalle as a misspelling of aiśalle. |
| n17 | (aina)kentse amended according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 167. (tus= e) supplemented based on THT 17 b8. (kren)t(äṃ)ts weṣṣä(ṃ) amended according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 17 fn. 11. |
| n18 | (neṣa)mye amended according to Hackstein et al. 2014: 65. (ś)au(l) amended according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 17 fn. 12. |
Remarks
| The original manuscript is missing, but consisted of three non-continuous fragments, in their turn composed of smaller fragments. Badly damaged, the writing frequently attrited. |
Linguistic commentary
| n15 | eśalle for aiśalle. Instead of mayya the reading mayyo is found in the parallel text THT 17 b8. |
|---|
References
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 25-27; Sieg and Siegling 1983: 40-42 notes 166-167; Hackstein et al. 2014: 42-65
Translations
Carling 2000: a1 (281); Hackstein 1995: a5 (65), b4 (243); Hackstein et al. 2014: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 (42-65); Krause 1952: a2 (53), b2 (61); Schmidt 1974: a2 (262), a2 a3 (262), a4 a5 (490), a4f=B17a5 (490), a5=B17a6 (316f), a6 (316-7), a7 (322), a7 a8 (408), a7f=B17b1 (408), a8 (368), a8=B17b1 (368), a8 b1 (322), b4 b5 (298), b4f=B17b7 (298); Sieg and Siegling 1949: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 (II, 24-26); Sieg and Siegling 1983: a1 (167), a2 (167), a3 (167), b3 (167); Thomas 1952: b6 b7 (31); Thomas 1957: a1 (112, 208), a2=B17a2 (217, 250, 297), a6=B17a7 (265, 269); Thomas 1969c: a6 (201); Thomas 1979b: a6 (27), b4 b5 (26); Thomas 1979d: a3 a4 (163); Thomas 1993: b4 b5 (208); Thomas 1995: a7=B17a8 (58), a7=B17a8 (68); Thomas 1997: a2=B17a2 (100), b6 (71)
Bibliography
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Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Hackstein, Olav, Hiromi Habata, and Christoph Bross. 2014. “Tocharische Texte zur Buddhalegende I: Die Geschichte von der Nonne Sundarī B15–18.” Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft 68: 31–99.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Krause, Wolfgang. 1952. Westtocharische Grammatik, Band I. Das Verbum. Heidelberg: Winter.
Rockhill, William Woodville, trans. 1907. The life of the Buddha and the early history of his order. Derived from Tibetan works in the Bkah-hgyur and Bstan-hgyur, followed by notices on the early history of Tibet and Khoten. Trübner’s oriental series 30, Buddhism 15. London: Trübner.
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Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1949. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B, Heft 1. Die Udānālaṅkāra-Fragmente. Text, Übersetzung und Glossar. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
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Thomas, Werner. 1952. Die tocharischen Verbaladjektive auf -l. Deutsche Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Institut für Orientforschung 9. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
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Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
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