nrai

Cite this page as:	"nrai". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_B_nrai (accessed 06 Mar. 2026).
Meaning:	“hell”
Word class:	noun
Language:	TB
Equivalent in TA:	ñare
Equivalent in other languages:	Skt. niraya-
Lexeme variants:	nrai
Number:	singular
Case:	nominative; accusative
Gender:	alternating
Inflection class:
Nom. sg. (masc.):	-Ø
Obl. sg. (masc.):	-Ø
Nom. pl. (masc.):	-nta

Paradigm

	sg	pl	du
nom	nrai	nrainta
voc
acc	nrai	nrainta
gen	nraintse
loc	nraine	nraintane
comit
inst
abl	nraimeṃ
perl	nraisa
all
caus

Lexeme family

• nrai “hell” n

  	sg	pl
  nom	nrai	nrainta
  acc	nrai	nrainta
  gen	nraintse
  loc	nraine	nraintane
  abl	nraimeṃ
  perl	nraisa

  • nraiṣṣe “pertaining to hell”

    	sg.m	pl.m	pl.f
    nom	nraiṣṣe		nraiṣṣana
    acc	nraiṣṣe		nraiṣṣana
    gen		nraiṣṣeṃts

Occurrences

nrai

1	IOL Toch 4 b5	śāmñana rūpanma sätkasamai taisa	nrai	lwāsa preteṣṣana • mäkte
2	IOL Toch 144 a1	: nemcek paskentär-c ;	nrai	lwas(a) /// 4σ a2
3	IOL Toch 224 b1	b1 /// – – oktä	nrai	– /// b2 ///
4	IOL Toch 236 a3	a3 /// ·a lasa	nrai	b1 /// (ñäk)cy(a)na pi
5	IOL Toch 570 a1	a1 /// –	nrai	lwāsa prete /// a2
6	PK AS 13C b7	weśeññai ñäkcyai śāmñai ;	nrai	lwasāṣṣai preteṃṣṣai : lauke
7	PK AS 17A b5	reb5wät yenme ; emparkre	nrai	lwāsa śle ; prete(nne)
8	S 1 b4	b4 r= (e)mprenma •	nrai	kleṅkentsa tsälpātsiśä /// b5
9	THT 15 a5	(kc=) (ālye)k (t)ot ;	nrai	lkā(sk)au wrocce ; kos
10	THT 17 a6	kc= ālyek {c→t}ot ;	nrai	lkāsko wrocce ; kos
11	THT 42 b2	; cmelan= alloṅna :	nrai	lwāsa pretenne ; snai
12	THT 123 a6	/// ·eñ srukorne ynem	nrai	/// a7 k läklessont
13	THT 133 b1	pr(o)sko ste wai;keṣṣep(i) ;	nr(ai)	pr(et)° /// b2 ///
14	THT 143 a3	·s· wärññai yäṣträ ma	nrai	/// a4 /// ksa
15	THT 143 a4	/// a4 /// ksa	nrai	cpī mäṃt{†ä} kuse ma
16	THT 179 b3	b3 koṣ kakāpoṣ ceu	nrai	/// b4 mäskentär tumeṃ
17	THT 222 a4	/// a4 /// r	nrai	sanaṃmpa śaiṣ(ṣe) /// b2
18	THT 291.a a5	; snai āke ;	nrai	cwi mä(ske)trä 30-2 śilaṣṣeṃ
19	THT 522 b2	– – – – – – – – – – – – – oko m= āñme	nrai	lwāsa pr(e) t· ///
20	THT 589 b8	k·a – ; – –	nrai	ka ; – lyai
21	THT 1541.a a3	/// – tpiś klyenträ	nrai	pā /// a4 ///
22	THT 1541.a a4	/// l·a ṣarnen eṅkoṣ	nrai	/// b1 /// k·
23	THT 1637.a b2	/// b2 /// rñai	nrai	nt· /// b3 ///
24	THT 2276 b2	– /// b2 ///	nrai	lwāsa /// b3 ///