THT 22
| Known as: | THT 22; B 22a; B 22b; Bleistiftnummer 3333 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Hannes A. Fellner. "THT 22". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht22 (accessed 24 Apr. 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Hannes A. Fellner |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 69, T III Š 79.27 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Add. linguistic characteristics: | late |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Udānālaṅkāra |
| Passage: | Book 9 (Karmavarga), strophes 63d-76. |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Doctrine |
| Verse/Prose: | verse |
| Meter: | 543 (4x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | Udānālaṅkāra B |
| Preceding fragment: | THT 21 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Size (h × w): | 16 × 12 cm |
| Number of lines: | 8 |
Images
Images from idp.bl.uk by courtesy of the International Dunhuang Project, the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Orientabteilung.
Transliteration
(continues from THT 21)
| a1 | /// k[au] sa¯ ¯ñä śrā na[ṃ] we tā ntaṃ 60 3 e pyai¯ ¯cä klo rmeṃ ce¯ ¯u bi mba sā reṃ lā¯ ¯nt wro cce : cwi wa [r]sa soṃ śke tu /// |
|---|---|
| a2 | ne¯ ¯ś pu dñä· ·e /// /// re t[k]e mpa : stā maṃ pra tiṃ ne mā¯ ¯s̝ nano¯ ¯k śa n[ma]ṃ ci śre tke 60 4 tu ypa rwe w· ña ślo¯ ¯k pu dnä kte [l]· – – [c]· – – k· [n]· ś· – |
| a3 | ko¯ ¯s ·[wi] /// /// [l]·[ai] – ·o wai ta rknaṃ co wai cce : co wai ta rkau ca co wai ta rkau ma ske – – 5 ṣñā¯ ¯r e kñe nta sa so ytsi lā ñco mā [ca] [mpe] – |
| a4 | – wai ta rka n· /// /// ku·ai no a lye ṅka¯ ¯ts • nau taṃ me pe rne tu meṃ yu kseṃ ce¯ ¯u a ly·¯ ¯k • tai kne se rka tte lā¯ ¯ñcä ma skeṃ tro ntso ytñe sa 60 |
| a5 | – pra saṃ na ke wl· /// /// lyā ma na sā ne wteṃ tse wsā la ntu ññe : ña ṣṣa śre ṣṭa keṃ ka kā te ne a kā lka¯ ¯ś • ta¯ ¯ñä |
| a6 | – [yya] ne ñi śsa naṃ au ·u ta kā wa – – /// /// [k]· sa lne la ntu ññe : wa lwa lo ka lymi lya ma ṣu kkauṃ e pi ṅte : po ypau na ku·aiṃ ne yā mtsi yā |
| a7 | – – – – s[o] yṣa po wno lmeṃ śwā – i /// /// – – ma kte ka kā te ṣu kkauṃ po yśiṃ sā ṅka mpa : yā tka śa k«k»re nta pā ssi wno lmeṃ y[ā] – rnta : ṣu kkau ñya |
| a8 | – – – [sa] wa ssi po yśi ntse : po nta¯ – /// /// [t]rī cī wä¯ ¯r – – – tā te a kā¯ ¯lk so rro – [k]·ā ya po yśi ntse : kuce ñi¯ ¯ś ṣu kk[au] ntsa wsā wa wno |
| b1 | – – ·[n]· meṃ tsñe : kuce¯ ¯s̝p pu dñä kte /// /// ce kre¯ ¯nt yā [m]o r[s]a ka llo¯ ¯ymä pe rne po [yś] – – 70 e¯ ¯ś lmo ṣe pi cwi wa ste tā [k]o¯ ¯ymä śai ṣṣe |
| b2 | – – – ne po yśi vyā ka rī to [ce¯] [¯u] /// /// sta wro cce pa lsko yo nma sta : tā ka¯ ¯t o mpo staṃ po pi¯ ¯ś cme lṣe¯ ¯ts sai mwä s·e [70]-1 śrā va sti ri |
| b3 | ne j· ta vaṃ ne ma skī [ta]¯ ¯r • ka ṣṣi /// /// ··au [p]e mpa : a na ntā rśä nta so lme ta rya yāṃ ṣa te : de va da tte sū a pi śnrai ne te mtsa te 70 2 te |
| b4 | – mu ko mte lkā [ṣ]·i /// /// ke¯ ¯ñcä ke ktse¯ ¯ñä ka ccī yeṃ ne yā re sa : o ṅko lme ñcwa ñña wa ltsa no ynā sta lyka śke : |
| b5 | [ṣa] le sa l – mo /// /// ta rne ke ktse ntsa : 70 3 lau rsa e ñcwa ññe ta rne ra skre tso [py]eṃ ne : ka ska ññī ta rne wai ptā¯ ¯r ā śce po lyka śke kmeṃ |
| b6 | ne lkā /// /// [ka] r[n]i ṣwa rka pu dñä kte ntse re ki sa 70 4 e ñcwa ññai ke ntsa ·[l]· – so rro¯ ¯mp la kle ssu : w· ña [re] k[au] na ś[ā] ri p· |
| b7 | treṃ¯ ¯ś po ta ṅsa – /// /// [ṣ]y[a] la kle mpe lye wä rpna ma¯ ¯r • snä tkwa po pwā [ra] [ñ]· ke ktseṃ ne nrai ṣṣa na 70 5 ṣe me a kṣā rs̝pa m[ā] /// |
| b8 | ly· ·e – [l]·· /// /// sta spai tu ra¯ ¯mt • ykā¯ ¯k ñi¯ ¯ś ka lā sta¯ ¯r e pya¯ ¯cä po yśya ñmā laṃ ṣke : wñā ne śśā ri¯ ¯·ä /// |
Transcription
(continues from THT 21)
Translation
(continues from THT 21)
| a1 | [63d] |
|---|---|
| a1 | ... he killed the old warriors.” Remembering the great king Bimbasāra, [he] pitied his little son, [and] therefore (?) ... |
| a1+ | ... (spoke) to him the Buddha: |
| a2 | [64d] |
| a2 | “(The king) with [his] army will stand by [his] decision ... and the army will not come against you again.” Thereupon the Buddha spoke this strophe to the king: |
| a2+ | If it suits him the man will rob, |
| a3 | [65d] |
| a3 | (but then) others rob the one robbing, the robber becomes the one robbed. Of each of their own possessions kings are not able to be satiated, |
| a4 | [so] they rob the (lands) [and] villages of others. [But] if their dignity disappears, then others defeat this one. In this way kings become hostile because of [their] insatiability. |
| a5 | [66d] |
| a5 | The king Prasannaka (let free the Ajātaśatru), set him on [his] throne and gave (him) regality a second time. He summoned [thereupon] Śreṣṭ(h)aka and invited him to a wish: |
| a5+ | “In your strength I have met the enemy.” |
| a6 | [67d] |
| a6 | (This one asked for) regality in Kausala (for seven days). As king he sat, directed in a single direction throughout seven days. |
| a6+ | In all lands and villages he ordered to do (good deed[s]), |
| a7 | [68d] |
| a7 | he satiated all beings (by giving them) to eat (and to drink). He himself invited the Omniscient with [his] community [for] seven days. He ordered the beings to keep the ten good deeds. |
| a7+ | [For] seven days he gave clothing in honour of the Omniscient. |
| a8 | [69d] |
| a8 | [To] everyone .... the three garments. He cherished a wish [and] fell down at the Omniscient’s [feet]: |
| a8+ | Since I have given to the be(ings) throughout seven days and since I (have invited) the Buddha (with [his] community for seven days), by this good deed I wish to obtain the glory of the Omniscient. |
| b1 | [70d] |
| b1+ | A refuge for this blinded world I wish to become. |
| b2 | [71d] |
| b2 | [And] the Omniscient (made) this prophecy [for] him at this (time): “You (did) [a] great (deed), you achieved [your] thought, you will later become, for all that are of the five kinds of births, shelter [and] refuge.” |
| b2+ | In the town of Śrāvastī, in the Jetavana, the Master, (the Buddha, the Omniscient, together) with the crowd [of his community] was. |
| b3 | The three Ānantarya [deadly sins] altogether Devadatta committed, [and] he was [re]born in the Avīci-Hell. |
| b3+ | Having just been born, he saw there (many sufferings). |
| b4 | [72d] |
| b4 | (Two guardians of hell(?)) put his body on gravel(?). An iron she-elephant crushed his bones [to] small [bits]. |
| b5 | [73d] |
| b5 | A glowing-hot mountain (stood) on his body. With an iron spike they violently pierced him the crown of his head. Scattered apart [into] small [pieces] was his whole head. |
| b5+ | It came at the Buddha’s word (Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana) (to) see him |
| b6 | [74d] |
| b6 | [and] they questioned him kindly. To the iron ground the unlucky one fell down, |
| b6+ | he spoke words to Śāriputra full of love: |
| b7 | [75d] |
| b7 | (“O Upati)ṣya, I feel terrible suffering. Penetrated into my body have all fires of hell. And not one syllable... |
| b8 | ... the bones small like dust. But yet the Omniscient remembers me with compassion.” To him spoke the son of Śāri... |
Other
| a2 | (The king together) with [his] army will stay with his decision and [his] army will not come again towards you. (cf : ii, 36) (Peyrot 2013b: 662) |
|---|---|
| a4 | If their glory disappears, then others conquer him. (cf : ii, 36) (Peyrot 2013b: 680) |
| a5 | Er [scil. König Prasannaka] beschied den Śreṣṭhaka zu sich [und] lud ihn zu einem Wunsche ein/stellte ihm einen Wunsch frei [wtl. forderte ihn zu einem Wunsche auf]: (Schmidt 1974: 153, 382) |
| a7 | Er selbst lud sieben Tage [lang] den Alleswissenden mit der Gemeinde ein. (Schmidt 1974: 380) |
| a8+ | Er hegte den Wunsch [und] fiel dem Alleswissenden zu Füßen: Weil ich den Wesen sieben Tage hindurch unbekümmert gab und weil ich den Buddha (mit der Gemeinde sieben Tage (lang) einlud), durch diese gute Tat möchte ich die Würde eines Allwissenden erlangen. (Schmidt 1974: 151) |
| b2 | You did a great deed, you achieved your idea.57 You will later be a help and stay for all those of the five birth [forms]. (cf : ii, 37) (Peyrot 2013b: 665) |
| b3 | Die drei Ānantarya [Todsünden] insgesamt beging Devadatta und wurde in der Avīci-Hölle [wieder-]geboren. (Schmidt 1974: 106) |
| b3 | Die drei Todsünden insgesamt beging Devadatta, [und] er wurde in der Avīci-Hölle [wieder]geboren. (Schmidt 1974: 446) |
| b4 | (Zwei Höllenwächter(?)) legten ihm den Körper auf Kies. (Schmidt 1974: 293) |
| b5 | Mit einem eisernen Pfahl durchstachen sie ihm heftig den Scheitel: Auseinandergeschleudert wurde ihm [in] klein[en Stücken] der ganze Kopf. (Schmidt 1974: 210) |
| b7 | (O Upati)sya, ich erdulde schreckliches Leid. (Schmidt 1974: 201) |
| b8 | Dennoch erinnert sich meiner der Alleswissende mitleidig. (Schmidt 1974: 374) |
Commentary
Parallel texts
| Uv 9.9 |
Philological commentary
| This leaf, immediately following THT 21, includes strophes 63d-76 of the Karmavarga (IX). 4x12 syllable-metre, rhythm = 5/7. | |
| n2 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 52 fn. 12. |
| n4 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 52 fn. 14 and Sieg and Siegling 1983: 180. |
| n7 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 53 fn. 1. |
| n9 | According to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 53 fn. 4 should be corrected to wsā-ne in the transcription. |
| n10 | Addition according to Sieg and Siegling 1949, II 36 fn. 9. |
| n12 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 53 fn. 5. |
| n13 | Addition according to Sieg and Siegling 1949, II 36 fn. 10. |
| n14 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 53 fn. 7. The reading śakrenta stands for śak krenta according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 53 fn. 9. |
| n18 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 180. |
| n21 | Addition according to Sieg and Siegling 1949, II 37 fn. 6. |
| n23 | The verse interpunction is missing according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 53 fn. 19. |
Remarks
| The original manuscript is partly missing, but consisted of two non-continuous fragments of the leaf following THT 21. The larger one, partly damaged, went from the schnurloch to the end of the leaf; the second fragment, in its turn composed of three smaller fragments, was a remnant of the left side. |
Linguistic commentary
| n1 | epyaic for epiyac; ceu for cau. |
|---|---|
| n3 | lāntäśco for lāntäśc. |
| n5 | lāñco for lāñc; tärknaṃ for tärkanaṃ. |
| n6 | ceu for cau; kuṣaino for kuṣaiṃ; alyeṅkäts for alyeṅkäṃts; mäskeṃtr for mäskentär. |
| n8 | asāne for asāṃne. |
| n11 | epiṅte for epiṅkte; kuṣaiṃne for kwaṣaine. |
| n15 | pontats for pontaṃts. |
| n16 | meṃtsñe for mentsiñe. |
| n17 | vyākarīto for vyākarīt; ceu for cau; yāmṣasta for yamaṣṣasta; cmelṣets for cmelaṣṣeṃts; rine for rīne. |
| n19 | yāṃṣate for yamaṣṣate. |
| n20 | eñcwañña for eñcuwañña. |
| n22 | eñcwaññe for eñcuwaññe; räskre for räskare. |
| n24 | lkātsiśco for lkātsiśc; eñcwaññai for eñcuwaññai. |
| n25 | taṅsa for taṅksa; wärpnamar for wärpanamar. |
| n26 | kälāstär for källāstär; epyac for epiyac; añmālaṃṣke for añmālaṣke. |
Alternative linguistic/paleographic classifications
| Tamai 2011 | C2 |
| Tamai 2011 | C14 |
References
Online access
IDP: THT 22a, THT 22b; TITUS: THT 22
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 37-39; Sieg and Siegling 1983: 52-54 notes 180-181; Hackstein et al. 2015: 81-109; Tamai 2011a: 96-97
Translations
Carling 2000: a5 (171), a6 (164, 325), a7 (300), a8 b1 (300), b2 (160), b3 (142), b5 (219, 402), b7 (222); Hackstein 1995: a4 (98), a7 (174), b5 (200); Hackstein 2012: a8 b1 (124); Hackstein et al. 2015: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 (81-109); Krause 1952: a3 (35), b2 (30), b4 (205), b5 (205); Meunier 2013: a4 (142), b8 (149); Peyrot 2013b: a2 (662), a4 (680), a5 a6 (345), b2 (665); Schmidt 1974: a5 (153, 382), a7 (380), a8 b1 (151), b3 (106, 446), b3 (106), b3 (446), b4 (293), b5 (20 n.4), b5 (210), b7 (201), b8 (374); Sieg and Siegling 1949: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 (II, 36-37); Sieg and Siegling 1983: b2 (180), b4 (181); Thomas 1954: a3 (723), a6 (732), a7 (727), a7 a8 (761); Thomas 1957: a1 (115, 179), a2 (115, 165), a3 (254 n.5), a5 a6 (290), a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 (115f), a6 (207), a7 a8 (207), a8 b1 (225), b2 (178), b2 b3 (25), b3 (25, 44), b3 b4 b5 (44), b5 b6 b7 (45), b7 (261); Thomas 1969c: a6 (204), a8 b1 (204); Thomas 1983: a4 (20), b8 (16); Thomas 1986: a2 (136); Thomas 1988: b1 b2 (258); Thomas 1989: b8 (25); Thomas 1997: a7 (81), a8 (78), b4 (118), b5 (118)
Bibliography
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