THT 21
| Known as: | THT 21; B 21 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Hannes A. Fellner. "THT 21". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht21 (accessed 15 Jan. 2026). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Hannes A. Fellner |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Sengim |
| Expedition code: | T III S 79.28, T III S 90.7 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Add. linguistic characteristics: | late |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Udānālaṅkāra |
| Passage: | Book 9 (Karmavarga), strophes 50-63. |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Doctrine |
| Verse/Prose: | verse |
| Meter: | 543 (4x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | Udānālaṅkāra B |
| Following fragment: | THT 22 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 8 |
Transliteration
| a1 | /// kce pu dñä [k]te [:] y[o] l[o] me· ā ltsi śkre ntau [na] /// /// ¯t• cw[i]¯ ¯k śa wā ñcai lñe |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// ·kṣā me kuce tne wno lmi ya ma nta¯ ¯r• kre¯ ¯nt [yo] /// /// ai lñe śū waṃ cme la ne |
| a3 | /// ta¯ ¯r mā lle ko 50-1 na nwā lye¯ ¯k pre ke ka rtsai /// /// mñe [:] wa lo mā ga tṣe a |
| a4 | /// – laiṃ wā ṣmo ntse de va da tti ṣe rtwe ntsa – – /// /// prau tka pe le ne śwā tsi yo |
| a5 | /// s̝pa pai ne kṣu rso mpo staṃ tā rka tsi [:] /// /// ·[au] ṣa ce¯ ¯u wä ntre pra saṃ na |
| a6 | /// a jā ta śa truṃ śce¯ ¯u • tu ypa rwe śe mo mā ga ta ṣ·e /// /// 50 4 ta rya lkwa rwa śe¯ ¯m pra |
| a7 | /// re tke ṣā lla kau sa lṣe¯ ¯ts ra skr[e] krā sa tu pra /// /// s[t]i ṅke e ṅ[ta] rsū 50 5 |
| a8 | /// [:] sū śe¯ ¯m lā nta – lā[¯] [¯nt] ka kā te wai pe /// /// yā meṃ spa |
| b1 | /// k·¯ ¯ś ya sa wa – – – [nta] : o r· cc[e] t[i] /// /// snai ke¯ ¯ś |
| b2 | /// – [7] lyu wa¯ ¯s̝ pa rkā saṃ wa lo śtwā ra ka lymi nt[s]a (–) /// /// [ma] ne ne kts[ai] tsñ· so stmeṃ |
| b3 | /// – ly[au] ce mpā lo ka lymi 50 8 pa dma ke sa rñe[¯] [¯m] /// /// [pra] saṃ na ke wa lo sū : po |
| b4 | /// ceṃ ywa rśkā ññeṃ : ā nte ne sta mṣlyi ku[s]e /// /// [tru] wa lo o lypo tse : ṣa mā |
| b5 | /// nta rwe tā ntse : pa kwā reṃ mpa nau¯ ¯s̝ /// /// ·s·¯ ¯k mai yyo kulā ta rme 60 |
| b6 | /// – lā lo¯ ¯s̝ • yä kte ske yeṃ ka¯ ¯s̝p sa ñi klā [yaṃ] /// /// [tru] sū : re tke mpo ro cce va |
| b7 | /// [ke] mā ga ta ṣṣe lā¯ ¯nt wra ntsai : w[i] tā rā lyau – /// /// mā ga tṣṣe : śā nmya ne |
| b8 | /// – – – dñä kte l[k]ā tsi pra saṃ na ke wa lo śe[¯] [¯m] [•] [ma] /// /// ñi po yśe ñcai sāṃ e mpe |
(continues on THT 22)
Transcription
(continues on THT 22)
Translation
| a1 | ... this (stro)phe the Buddha (spoke), to keep [the beings] from evil [and] (to tie) [them] (to) the virtues. [50b] ... |
|---|---|
| a1 | ... or (evil), |
| a1+ | of just this [he is] consuming the [inherited] part |
| a2 | [50d] |
| a2 | (This strophe) he proclaimed to them. |
| a2 | What the beings will do here, good [and] evil deed ... the [inherited] part [of it] they will consume in the births. |
| a2+ | ... not another one. |
| a3 | [51d] |
| a3 | At again another time good ... |
| a3+ | The king of Magadha, A(jātaśatru), ... through instigation [by his] bad friend Devadatta. |
| a4 | [52d] |
| a4 | ... he locked [him] into prison. |
| a4+ | Food [and] drink |
| a5 | ... and (cut) [his] feet (off) with a knife. |
| a5 | After that (he ordered?) to release (him) ... |
| a5 | (53d). |
| a5+ | Of this matter Prasannake (the king) heard. |
| a6 | ... to the Ajātaśatru. |
| a6 | Thereupon the (king?) of Magadha ... |
| a6 | [54d] |
| a6+ | Three times Pra(sannaka) came |
| a7 | ... (Ajātaśatru) threw the army of the Kausalas. |
| a7 | This very much annoyed the Pra(sannaka) ... |
| a7 | “he will, after all, take Śrāvastī”. |
| a7 | [55d] |
| a8 | ... This one came (to the) king |
| a8 | and invited the king to [his] possessions ... |
| a8+ | will do service ... |
| b1 | [56d] |
| b1 | ... (without) number he gave gold and (possessions), |
| b1 | great ... |
| b1 | ... without number |
| b2 | ... [57d] |
| b2 | And the king sent an explanation to the four regions of the world ... |
| b2+ | ... when by age he (is prevented), from the house ... |
| b3 | ... with one another, directed in a single direction. |
| b3 | [58d] |
| b3 | Padmakesara by name, (the military leader) ... |
| b3 | the king Prasannaka. |
| b3+ | All ... these as one in the middle. |
| b4 | To the front [are] to be put those, that ... |
| b4 | [59d] |
| b4 | ... (Ajātaśa)tru, the king, very much. |
| b4+ | Monks ... of the fight. |
| b5 | With the bad ones first ... |
| b5 | ... their power will recede completely. |
| b5 | [60d] |
| b5+ | ... having exterted themselves with little effort the enemies will fall ... |
| b6 | ... the (Ajātaśa)tru. |
| b6+ | With a great army the king ... |
| b7 | [61d] |
| b7 | (Prasanna)ka (moved) against the king of Magadha. |
| b7 | They fought each other ... |
| b7 | (and taken captive, the king) of Magadha. |
| b7+ | He bound him .... |
| b8 | He bound him |
| b8 | To see the Buddha, the king Prasannaka went ... |
| b8 | (“Caught was?) by me, o Omniscient, the terrible enemy. |
(continues on THT 22)
Other
| a2 | Was die Wesen hier tun, gute [und] bö(se Tat), ... das [Erb]teil [davon] werden sie in den Geburten verzehren. (Schmidt 1974: 443) |
|---|---|
| a7 | ... (Ajātaśatru) warf das Heer der Kausalas. Sehr verdross das den Par(sannaka). (Schmidt 1974: 166) |
| a8 | Er kam (zum) König [und] bot dem König [seinen] Besitz an. (Schmidt 1974: 382) |
Commentary
Parallel texts
| Uv 9.8 |
Philological commentary
| Includes strophes 50 – 63 of the Karmavarga (IX) in a 4x12 syllable-metre (rhythm = 5/4/3). Between the two fragments on average 12-16 syllables are missing, while the top of the leaf, containing about 6-10 syllables is lost entirely. | |
| n1 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 51 fn. 1. |
| n5 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 51 fn. 6. |
| n7 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 51 fn. 8. |
| n9 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 51 fn. 11. |
| n11 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 51 fn. 13 and Sieg and Siegling 1983: 179. |
| n14 | The reading orocce ti might be read as orocce to according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 51 fn. 18. |
| n15 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 51 fn. 16 and 17. |
| n17 | Addition according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 35 fn. 10. |
| n19 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 52 fn. 3. |
| n21 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 52 fn. 5. |
| n22 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 52 fn. 7. |
| n23 | Addition according to Sieg and Siegling 1949: II, 35. |
| n24 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 52 fn. 11. |
Remarks
| The original manuscript is missing, but consisted of two non-continuous fragments, one being a piece from the centre of the leaf, beginning at the schnurloch, the other a remnant of the leaf's right side. |
Linguistic commentary
| n2 | For śawāñc= ailñe and ailñe śūwaṃ rendering Skt. dāyāda- "eating/consuming heritage" > "suffering the bad consequences of bad deeds", see Hackstein 2015a. |
|---|---|
| n3 | tne for tane. |
| n4 | alleko for allek; māgatṣe for māgatäṣṣe. |
| n6 | tārkatsi for tarkatsi; ceu for cau; wäntre for wäntare. |
| n8 | lkwarwa for lykwarwa. |
| n10 | kausalṣets for kausalṣents; eṅtär for eṅktär. |
| n12 | lāntäśco for lāntäśc. |
| n13 | ekñinta for ekaññiññenta. |
| n16 | ktsaitsñesa for ktsaitstsäññesa. |
| n18 | stamṣlyi for stamäṣṣälyi; olypotse for olyapotstse. |
| n20 | māgatṣṣe for māgatäṣṣe. |
References
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 36-37; Sieg and Siegling 1983: 51-52 notes 178-179; Hackstein et al. 2015: 63-81; Tamai 2011a: 97-98
Translations
Carling 2000: a2 (244), a4 (165), a8 (235), b2 (106), b4 (88); Hackstein 1995: a1 (214), a6 (305), a7 (223), b6 (221); Hackstein et al. 2015: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 (63-81); Krause 1952: a7 (29); Schmidt 1974: a2 (443), a7 (166), a8 (382); Sieg and Siegling 1949: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 (II, 34-35); Sieg and Siegling 1983: a8 (179); Thomas 1954: a1 (751), b8 (715); Thomas 1957: a4 (114), a5 (114), a6 (60, 114, 192), a7 (114), a8 (114), b1 (194), b2 (114), b7 (115), b8 (115); Thomas 1979b: a2 (25); Thomas 1997: b8 (83)
Bibliography
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktionen der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Hackstein, Olav. 2015a. “Skt. dāyāda- ‘eating away at the inherited/entrusted.’ The transformation of inherited Indo-European phraseology in the Buddhist legend of Ajātaśatru.” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 38: 391–400. https://doi.org/10.2143/JIABS.38.0.3134549.
Hackstein, Olav, Hiromi Habata, and Christoph Bross. 2015. “Tocharische Texte zur Buddhalegende II: Die Geschichte von Devadatta und Ajātaśatru (B21–22).” Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft 69: 51–121.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Krause, Wolfgang. 1952. Westtocharische Grammatik, Band I. Das Verbum. Heidelberg: Winter.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1949. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B, Heft 1. Die Udānālaṅkāra-Fragmente. Text, Übersetzung und Glossar. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1983. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B. Teil I: Die Texte. Band 1. Fragmente Nr. 1-116 der Berliner Sammlung. Edited by Werner Thomas. Neubearbeitet und mit einem Kommentar nebst Register versehen v. Werner Thomas. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2011a. “Transliterations of the Tocharian B Udānālaṅkāra fragments in the Berlin collection.” Annual report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University 14: 81–125. http://iriab.soka.ac.jp/orc/Publications/ARIRIAB/pdf/ARIRIAB-14.pdf.
Thomas, Werner. 1954. “Die Infinitive im Tocharischen.” In Asiatica. Festschrift Friedrich Weller. Zum 65. Geburtstag, gewidmet von seinen Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern, edited by Johannes Schubert and Ulrich Schneider, 701–64. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1979b. Formale Besonderheiten in metrischen Texten des Tocharischen: Zur Verteilung von B tane/tne “hier” und B ñake/ñke “jetzt”. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 15. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
Thomas, Werner. 1997. Interpretationsprobleme im Tocharischen. Unflektiertes A puk, B po “ganz, all, jeder”. Vol. 3. SbWGF, XXXV. Stuttgart: Steiner.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
