ṣarm

Cite this page as:	"ṣarm". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_B_ṣarm (accessed 15 Aug. 2026).
Meaning:	“cause”; “origin, basis, ground”
Word class:	noun
Language:	TB
Equivalent in TA:	ṣurm
Lexeme variants:	ṣarm; ṣärmo; ṣäräm; ṣarmo; ṣärmä; ṣarmä; ṣärm
Number:	singular
Case:	nominative; accusative
Gender:	alternating
Inflection class:
Nom. sg. (masc.):	-Ø
Obl. sg. (masc.):	-Ø
Nom. pl. (masc.):	-ana

Paradigm

	sg	pl	du
nom	ṣarm	ṣarmna
voc
acc	ṣarm	ṣarmna
gen
loc		ṣärmnane
comit
inst
abl	ṣärmameṃ
perl
all
caus

Lexeme family

• ṣarm “cause” “origin, basis, ground” n

  	sg	pl
  nom	ṣarm	ṣarmna
  acc	ṣarm	ṣarmna
  loc		ṣärmnane
  abl	ṣärmameṃ

Occurrences

ṣärmä

1	THT 390 b5	b5 /// se tne	ṣärmä	nervvāntse pe /// b6
2	THT 2377.r b1	– /// b1 lñe	ṣärmä	kälpāṣäṃ ॥ – – ///

ṣarmä

1	THT 1558 a2	/// no kärsanalle ste	ṣarmä	ok(o) ste • tä
2	THT 1635.b a3	/// – l·eṃ k·e	ṣarmä	ta – /// a4
3	THT 3999 a1	pañäkte ratna tsä ṅ·	ṣarmä

ṣärmo

1

THT 588 a6

k(e)rcyeṃ mā teṃ yekte

ṣärmo

täñ{†ä} mā rano snai

ṣarmo

1

THT 286 b1

hanteṃts : kus(e) tn(e)

ṣarmo

; w· – 2σ

ṣarm

1	IOL Toch 4 a1	rittoṣ palsko läklentameṃ tsälpātsiś	ṣarm	lkāṣṣäṃ • nervāṇäṣṣai ytāri
2	IOL Toch 102 b2	/// b2 /// ste	ṣarm	oko /// b3 ///
3	IOL Toch 119 a3	a3 /// °ṣṣai ytarintse	ṣarm	ta – /// a4
4	IOL Toch 144 b3	b3 5σ /// ;	(ṣa)rm	okone ; perākñe •
5	IOL Toch 201 b2	t· – tan· kuse	ṣarm	kraupa(lyñe) /// b3 mai
6	IOL Toch 231 a3	/// ·ñ· • nesalñe	ṣarm	tatākaṣ m· /// b1
7	IOL Toch 307 a2	lakle ste ; tuntse	ṣarm	po ; eṅkalyñe ;
8	IOL Toch 307 b2	karmavārgä ; paiykāmai ;	ṣarm	okone ; imasu ;
9	PK AS 7B a2	; yāmaṃ-ne (nesäṃ) ;	ṣarm	tūne 70-5 yāmwa ket
10	PK AS 7F b3	mā palskosa ; kuce	ṣarm	tūne tu weñau :
11	PK AS 7L a1	; (toṃ) (skwanmants) (wrotse)	(ṣarm)	; (tū)s(a) lāre sta(r)-ñ
12	PK AS 7N b5	toṃ skwanmantsa wrotse	ṣarm	: ; tusa lāre
13	PK AS 17J a1	(täṅ)w(aṃ)tsi (a)lyeṅkä(ṃ) nau(ntaintsa) (wänta)rentse	ṣarm	rītamar aistsi aikari k(e)śn(e)
14	PK AS 17J a6	po āksi ; k(u)se	ṣarm	tane : kestaṣṣe ceu
15	PK AS 19.15 a4	/// ost lamästsi tu	ṣarm	ka mänt ya(k)ne m·
16	PK NS 27 b1	– – – /// °ñ(eṣ)ṣ(e) ;	ṣarm{†ä}	– /// 7σ ;
17	PK NS 28 a2	lakle ste ; tuntse	ṣarm	po ; eṅkalñe ;
18	PK NS 28 b1	(karmavārgä) ; (paikāmai) ;	(ṣarm)	(okone) ; (imasu) ;
19	PK NS 36 and 20 a5	– (n)ai (saswa) ;	(ṣarm)	(cw)ī wä(ntrentse) ; k(us)e
20	PK NS 205 b4	meñ b4 /// tsiś	ṣarm	nāki ///
21	PK NS 209 b2	b2 kuse	ṣarm
22	SI P 2 a5	(nesalñenta) ; a5 (cämpalñenta)	ṣarm	ekītatsñe ; okonta cmelaṃts
23	THT 11 a4	; yāmo(rntan)ts(o) (80-7) (yo)k(o)	ṣarm	; makalñetsa ; w(aip)tā(ya)r{†ä}
24	THT 11 b2	; krentaṃts wnolmeṃts 90-1	ṣarm	okone ; tserenträ ;
25	THT 23 a5	; takarṣkñe no ;	ṣarm	okone ; perākñe tanmṣäṃ
26	THT 48 a2	a2 /// : yokye	ṣarm	po ; läklente ;
27	THT 93 b2	pokse-ñ nai saswa ;	ṣarm	cwi wäntrentse ; kuse
28	THT 99 b2	krentaunats ; yke-postäṃ ;	ṣarm	auñent{au→o} ; tatāk{u→au} :
29	THT 105 a4	a4 /// sa karsatsiś	ṣarm	tākoy(-ñ) ///
30	THT 150 a2	trīte pratītyasamutp· /// a2	ṣarm	mäsketrä • kuce no
31	THT 150 b6	no kärsanaträ • kuse	ṣarm	o ///
32	THT 151 a4	a4 tṛṣṇopādāṃ bhavä se	ṣarm	/// a5 bhavä se
33	THT 159 b1	/// b1 /// śanma	ṣ(a)rm	lk(ā)ṣṣä(ṃ) eṅ·· /// ///
34	THT 169 b5	se ka ṣ plewe	ṣarm	tāko-ñ
35	THT 180 b3	anāgat jātine /// (pelai)b3knenta	ṣarm	oko skente • anāga(t)
36	THT 181 a2	ste • kuse sādṛśyäñeṃntse	ṣarm	tatākau sādṛśyaviśeṣäñe sū tane
37	THT 197 b4	viṣainta täryā-ykne vedantats cmelñene	ṣarm	mäsketrä mäkte ñake
38	THT 197 b6	vedanety ucyate • yokaintse	ṣarm	seṃ neṃtaṃ westar
39	THT 282 a7	cpik ; wäntrentse ;	ṣarm	(r)ītatsi aknātsaññen;tse träṅko ;
40	THT 288 b5	käṣṣi ṣpä • ce	ṣarm	palkormeṃ palska āñmämpa naum(y)e
41	THT 351 b3	wro(tse) (mai)yya /// b3	ṣarm	yp· /// /// lmoṣ
42	THT 544 b2	/// b2 /// tse	ṣarm	mārgajñānaṃ /// b3 ///
43	THT 609 a5	/// (mr)auskāte • ceu	ṣarm	/// a6 /// l·
44	THT 1262 a4	tusā ksa ṣarya ce	ṣarm	päl(k)ormeṃ ·i – ///
45	THT 1448 b1	/// b1 /// ñ·	ṣarm	kälpo(r)m(eṃ) pāraśaiṣṣe (tra)ṅko(sa) (cotit)
46	THT 1558 b3	ko • skente pratyutpaṃ	ṣarm	ok(o) /// b4 ///
47	THT 2351 a3	po tu aknātsaṃññe tune	ṣarm	sne cwī kre ///

ṣäräm

1

THT 587.a a8

a8 /// pautolle(ś) (w)esäñ

ṣ(ärä)m

10(-6) /// b1 ///

ṣärm

1	IOL Toch 6 b1	– – – – – – – – /// b1 ·ts·	ṣärm	aiṣäṃ lakle ktsaitsañe srukalñentse
2	IOL Toch 6 b1	·ä – – t· y	ṣärm	ok(o) /// b2 ṣñār
3	IOL Toch 193 b4	la° /// b4 °re	ṣärm	wantarentse näno-k wantare ///
4	IOL Toch 193 b5	/// b5 °śantse kleś	ṣärm	yāmor(n)tse yāmor sä° ///
5	IOL Toch 208 a3	wäntare mā te snai	ṣärm	ste ॥ pra° ///
6	THT 126 b2	bodhe wäntärwa po snai	ṣärm	• pā /// b3
7	THT 143 a5	a5 /// ·aul· näktsī	ṣärm	ste śowota se ///
8	THT 149 a2	yparwäññe /// /// snai	ṣärm	śaiṣṣentse spārttalñe we ///
9	THT 255 b6	; kleśäcci ; po	ṣärm	aiskeṃ ; kleśänmats 10-4
10	THT 588 a6	täñ{†ä} mā rano snai	ṣärm	seṃ tot oko nemcek
11	THT 1407.d b2	n· /// b2 ///	ṣärm	o – /// b3
12	THT 1413.e b4	/// b4 /// ñ·a	ṣärm	·ā ·l· e – –
13	THT 2371.d b2	/// b2 /// –	ṣärm	yaka – ///