A 21
| Known as: | A 21; THT 654 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Gerd Carling. "A 21". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-a21 (accessed 20 May 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Gerd Carling |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Specific find spot: | Stadthöhle |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 72.21 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TA |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Puṇyavantajātaka, Bṛhaddyutijātaka |
| Passage: | u |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Jātaka/Avadāna |
| Verse/Prose: | prose; verse |
| Meter: | 4343 (4x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | A 1-54 |
| Preceding fragment: | A 20 |
| Following fragment: | A 22 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 6 |
Images
Images from titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de by courtesy of the Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS).
Transliteration
(continues from A 20)
| a1 | – n· y· lyu t· – tsu ta ryā kw· – – kṣ· – ·y· o ktu¯ ¯k wa mpe yntu yo a si na¯ ¯t lkā lyāṃ pu tti – |
|---|---|
| a2 | – rṣi nāṃ ka pśiṃ ño ye tu wā mpu • ku pre ne wa s̝ta¯ ¯s̝ mā la ñcä lṣe¯ ¯s̝ śtwa rdvi pa ntwā kā kma rti¯ ¯k s̝[pa] – |
| a3 | – ntu yo ka knu ca kra va rtti wä lna sa¯ ¯l ṣe¯ ¯s̝ na ṣpe nu tu pe nu ca mi spa ktā ni kā ñna [s]· |
| a4 | – [ma]¯ ¯s sa mtā pa¯ ¯rk wa s̝ta ṣla ntu ka lyme yā yso mo pu kma rka mpa lntu ka rso pu¯ ¯k sa ñce [nt]· |
| a5 | – – – – – ·ä· ā l[ts]u ne e ṣa¯ ¯nt pu kpa rklu ne ytwā śśi ā¯ ¯k ypa¯ ¯nt ca mi tā pa¯ ¯rk ā ṣā ni kyā¯ ¯p pu – |
| a6 | – – – – – – – rymāṃ wä ntyo sa¯ ¯rk mi yä s̝ta rta mṣu rma¯ ¯s̝ sā twä rku ñci nṣi s̝a¯ ¯lypä ku ly· – |
| b1 | – – – – – – – [kk]· naṃ || se ya cco ki na¯ ¯s̝ cwa¯ ¯cä lyu ptā ñka tka ṣṣi pā śe yā : tu nu na ṣca mpa – |
| b2 | – – – – – – [s]u rā : pkā mā rma tta¯ ¯k s̝a¯ ¯lypä sā twä rpa lkā rka ṣṣiṃ ṣñya śä nyo : ślo ko a śäṃ tā ke – |
| b3 | – ko tā śśi o ñi cmo¯ ¯l : 1 || we yeṃ nāṃ tsu bṛ ha dyu ti ku nti stse¯ ¯k pa ltsa ṅkā¯ ¯s̝ o ·e |
| lf | 70 5 |
| b4 | – – a ñu mā ski o ñi cmo lka rtaṃ ne wka nyo kā swo ne yo ka knu tā¯ ¯s̝ tma¯ ¯s̝ bṛ ha – |
| b5 | – ku nti stse¯ ¯k śla pā ca rmā ca¯ ¯r pra cre – śäṃ se wā sa śśä¯ ¯l ṣya«¯» «¯»«k» snu mpyā pi sā twä rku ñci nṣi s̝a¯ ¯lypä – |
| b6 | – – ¯s̝ ä nta ne ne śā kya mu ni ·ä – ·i pa – ñka tṣe¯ ¯s̝ ta mne ka¯ ¯lk pa lkā¯ ¯t śā kya mu ni ñä kta śśi |
(continues on A 22)
Transcription
(continues from A 20)
| lf | (80-5) 70-5 |
| * | (knā)¬ |
|---|---|
| a1 | (nmu)n(e)y(o) lyut(ār) (nāṃ)tsu taryāk-w(e)-(pi) (la)kṣ(aṇäs)y(o) oktuk wampeyntuyo asinät lkālyāṃ putti – |
| a2 | (śpa)rṣināṃ kapśiṃño yetu wāmpu • kupre ne waṣtäṣ mā läñcäl ṣeṣ śtwar dvipäntwā kākmärtik ṣpä(t) (ñe)¬ |
| a3 | (mi)ntuyo kaknu cakravartti wäl nasäl ṣeṣ näṣ penu tu penu cami spaktānikāñ nas(lye) |
| a4 | (ṣe)mäs säm tāpärk waṣtäṣ lantu kälymeyā ysomo puk märkampalntu kärso puk sañcent· |
| a5 | – – – – – ·ä ·āltsune eṣant puk pärkluneytwāśśi āk ypant cami tāpärk āṣānikyāp pu – |
| a6 | – – – – – – – r ymāṃ wäntyo särk miyäṣtär täm ṣurmaṣ sāt wär kuñci{n→t}ṣi ṣälyp kuly(pal) |
| b1 | n1 – – – – – (kāpñe-)kk(a)naṃ ॥ |
| 1a | seyacc oki ; näṣ cwac lyu ; ptāñkät käṣṣi ; pāśeyā : |
|---|---|
| 1b | tu nu näṣ cam ; pä – b2 – ; – – – – ; – surā : |
| 1c | pkāmār mättak ; ṣälyp sāt wär ; pälkār käṣṣiṃ ; ṣñy aśänyo : |
| 1d | śl= oko aśäṃ ; tāke(ñ-ci) ; b3 (śl=) (o)ko tāś-śi ; oñi cmol : 1 ॥ |
(continues on A 22)
Translation
(continues from A 20)
| a1+ | (the one who in morality, energy, meditation and) knowledge surpasses (all beings), he who with the 32 marks and the 80 ornaments and the insatiably to-look-at, Buddha-like body is adorned and decorated. |
|---|---|
| a2+ | If he had not left the house, he would have become a ruler over the four continents, a cakravartin king, endowed with the seven jewels, |
| a3+ | and I too, and you too, we would have become his servants. |
| a4+ | He now [however,] has left the house, truly knowing all Dharmas together, (making ) all doubts (disappear), giving all the questions an end. |
| a5+ | This now, the Arhat’s Buddhalike body, in going (his way), is tormented by disease from the wind. |
| a6 | Therefore he requires warm water and oil of sesame |
| b1 | ... || In the K.-tune: || Like to a son the Buddha, the master sent me to you with a plea. |
| b1+ | You, however, (accompany?) me to the Buddha. |
| b2 | Bring oil and warm water yourself, and look at the teacher with your own eyes. Your eyes will be successful |
| b3 | [and] your human birth will be successful. Surprised Bṛhaddyuti, the potter, thinks: |
| b3+ | Oh how much amazing (is) the mere human birth, if it is endowed with such virtue! |
| b4+ | Thereupon Bṛhaddyuti, the potter, together with [his] father, mother and brothers, with [his] wife and children, after having (gathered) perfume, flower[s], warm water and oil of sesame went to where Śākyamuni, the Buddha, the god of gods was. |
| b6 | [And] there he saw, Śākyamuni, the Buddha, the (god) of gods |
(continues on A 22)
Other
| a2+ | If he had not left the house, he would have become a cakravartin king, endowed with the seven jewels, a ruler over the four continents, and I too, and you too, we would have become his servants. (cf 25) (Peyrot 2013b: 272) |
|---|---|
| a5+ | Den bu(ddhaschaftlichen Körper) des Arhat quält jetzt, wenn er (seines Weges) geht, Erkrankung durch den Wind. (Schmidt 1974: 497) |
| b2 | Bringe selbst Öl [und] warmes Wasser, sieh mit eigenen Augen den Meister! (Schmidt 1974: 190, 399) |
| b2+ | Bring oil and warm water yourself, and look at the teacher with your own eyes. Your eyes will be successful [and] your human birth will be successful. (Peyrot 2013b: 228) |
| b3+ | O so wonderful is mere human birth, if it is endowed with such virtue! (Peyrot 2013b: 283) |
Commentary
Remarks
| Transcription and translation are based on Carling et al. 2009. | |
| Transcription and references have been transferred from the "Text and Reference Database of the Tocharian A Language" (Gerd Carling Lund University) (funded by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and SCAS). | |
| The leaf number on the margin has been lost, but a number 75 (sic!) is written inside the string hole of the verso side by a different hand. Since this leaf stands in a continuous series, it actually ought to have the leaf number 85. The combination of lost margin and deviating string-hole numbering starts in A 15 and continues until A 24. |
Philological commentary
| The translation is largely based on Sieg 1944: 25-26, and Carling et al. 2009. | |
| For the Chinese parallel and affiliation of the version with the Mūlasarvāstivādins", see Ogihara 2010. | |
| n1 | The tune name can be complemented to Kāpñekkanaṃ, cf. A 355 b2; it has 4x14 syllables, rhythm 7/7. |
References
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1921: 17; Sieg and Siegling 1921 p. 17
Translations
Carling 2000: a2 (100), a5 a6 (92); Carling 2012: b1 (64); Meunier 2013: a5 (167); Ogihara 2010: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 (171); Peyrot 2013b: a2 a3 a4 (272), b2 b3 (228), b3 b4 (283); Schmidt 1974: a5 a6 (497), b2 (319), b2 (190, 399), b2 b3 (190); Sieg 1944: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 (25); Thomas 1952: a2 a3 (32), a2 a3 (44); Thomas 1957: b1 (190), b4 b5 b6 A 22 a1 A 22 a2 (99f), b6 (79), b6 A 22 a1 A 22 a2 (19); Thomas 1967: a6 (265); Thomas 1968: b1 (201); Thomas 1970: b5 (279); Thomas 1970a: a2 a3 (467); Thomas 1972: b5 (431); Thomas 1976: a2 a3 (228); Thomas 1976a: b5 (72); Thomas 1979d: b5 (153); Thomas 1981: b2 (487); Thomas 1989: b6 (23); Thomas 1991: a1 a2 (23), a2 a3 (18); Thomas 1997: a4 a5 (139)
Bibliography
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Carling, Gerd. 2012. “Development of form and function in a case system with layers: Tocharian and Romani compared.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 13: 57–76.
Carling, Gerd, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Werner Winter. 2009. A dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: Letters a-j. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Meunier, Fanny. 2013. “Typologie des locutions en yām- du tokharien.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 14: 123–85.
Ogihara, Hirotoshi. 2010. “On the School Affiliation of the Bṛhaddyuti-Jātaka in Tocharian A” 30: 169–85. http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2261/52717/1/ggr030010.pdf.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
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