A 218
| Known as: | A 218; THT 851 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Gerd Carling; Adrian Musitz (translation). "A 218". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-a218 (accessed 05 Jul. 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Gerd Carling; Adrian Musitz (translation) |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Specific find spot: | Stadthöhle |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 79.16 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TA |
| Script: | late |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Udānavarga |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Meter: | 554443 (4x) |
Object | |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 8 |
Images
Images from titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de by courtesy of the Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS).
Transliteration
| a1 | /// |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// pa ñc[äṃ] – – – k· ṣñi t· skm· ka rsnā /// |
| a3 | /// pa¯ ¯rk yä¯ ¯t ā ṣā ni¯ ¯k s̝ka śśäṃ ślo kwe kā rū ṇi¯ ¯k – – – – – ·y· cyä mko ṣta¯ ¯m o ṅkra ci ku mpa¯ ¯cä – |
| a4 | /// ṣsā spa rtwṣū¯ ¯nt : «10» «4» mā nu kra śpa lki¯ ¯ñcä ā rki śo ṣṣi¯ ¯s ym· ka rso ra ṣmā ā ksi «sa» «māṃ» sne twe la me knā nma¯ ¯s |
| a5 | /// tti we ña mtā pa¯ ¯rk ślo ka śśi wra¯ ¯m ko sne i me ka lka ṣñi : ptā ñkta sta rko ra¯ ¯s̝ saṃ sā raṃ wra ssa¯ ¯s̝ puka¯ ¯s̝ |
| a6 | /// pru cca mñe yo ū pa ge : ṣū¯ ¯rm trya saṃ khe saṃ ka¯ ¯nt ka lpsaṃ kro pe e lpā pṣū ne tsra ṣṣū ne yntu knā nmū ne yntu snyā¯ ¯k pñī |
| a7 | /// yo spa ntā lu ne śtwa rī me yi¯ ¯s śmo ññe syo pe trī wä knā : tso pa tsaṃ kā ruṃ o ktu kye twe syo ta ryā kwe pi la kṣaṃ ṇä syo |
| a8 | /// lkā lyo ska¯ ¯m yla ṅkaṃ yme yo tkaṃ ñä ktā yoṃ tā lu ne yo lyu tā rna sa mpū kwra sa¯ ¯s : prū cca mñe yo pe [pu]ka s̝a l·· |
| b1 | /// y[o] pukaṃ śk· śä klo ka dhā tuṃ twaṃ : «10» «6» a si na¯ ¯t lkā lyo wso ko ne tmaṃ sa¯ ¯m lwā śśi o kā¯ ¯k ā co śyo kā kne rvāṃ o ko e s̝a taṃ |
| b2 | /// swä ntā¯ ¯s lwā śyu pa ge pñi ta mna ṣñi ku cyo ne yi¯ ¯ñcä ñä kta sa¯ ¯cä : ko yä ṣwra seṃ śma¯ ¯s̝ tpa rñä kta sa cñi ta rne¯ ¯ñcä yko rñe |
| b3 | /// cpa ltsa¯ ¯k ce¯ ¯m : mā ñi wā sklu ne mā ra ke pa ltsa¯ ¯k pa ra mā ṇū kṣaṃ yä rmaṃ na¯ ¯s̝ ku sne ā lu suka cmā tā¯ ¯s̝ : «10» «7» pū¯ ¯k knā nmāṃ |
| b4 | /// ṣo tre yo ṣya¯ ¯k ṣo tre yo lyä klyä¯ ¯s̝ lykä lypū¯ ¯k kā kkñä ññu : pū ktri pra s̝ta ntwaṃ sne ā ksaṃ sā raṃ pū kṣū rmaṃ |
| b5 | /// knāṃ mu ne : pū ktri dhā tu ntwaṃ pū kśkaṃ wra sa śśi pū¯ ¯k cmo¯ ¯l i ndri sci ñcro ne yntu lkā¯ ¯m ṣñā le yaṃ wra mmo [ki] |
| b6 | /// [s]n· lo plu ne na sa¯ ¯m ūpa ge maṃ tne ā kā świ skā ñcyo : «[10]» «[8]» – – – [¯]l[p] mā ka¯ ¯lp kā sū mā kā sū ño¯ ¯m kl· nā ka – |
| b7 | /// : ñä – – ·e ñi o kā [k]·ṃ sā ra s̝[tsa] l(·)o /// |
Transcription
| a1 | /// |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// päñcäṃ – – – k· ṣñi t(ā)skm(āṃ) kärsnā /// |
| a3 |
Translation
| a1+ | ... being similar to his own... know... |
|---|---|
| a3 | (Where will you) now go, worthy one? ... he uttered the sixth stanza, the merciful: I am going to Benares and I will beat the drum of immortality; |
| a4 | (I will turn the wheel of the law) that has (not) been turned (in the world before). |
| a4+ | The good ones do not shine, having known the way of the world, not announcing it, know... the place without dirt... |
| a5 | I will now state the sense of the verses as far as my memory goes. |
| a6+ | The reason (is that) I gathered endless virtue in three asaṃkhyeyas and a hundred kalpas: donation, observance, power, wisdom. |
| a7 | ... trust... through the four foundations of awareness, in three ways, great... compassionate, with eighty ornaments, thirty two (auspcious) signs... |
| a8 | I surpass all beings through my way always hanging in the air, through putting my foot on the earth, through vision... |
| a8+ | Through excellence... than all... in all ten... world regions... |
| b1 | I produce joy through my beauty, even in animals, even in embryos. |
| b1+ | ... that gives Nirvāṇa as reward. |
| b2 | ... Upage produces virtue for the... animals... for me (?), by which they go to the gods. |
| b2+ | If a breath comes from my mouth, up to the gods, they give up their negligence ... thought... |
| b3 | There is no movement, no word or thought of mine, [not] even within the measure of the smallest moment, which would not be for the happiness of others. |
| b4 | All knowing... by sign together with sign, having understood all the finest of the fine... I see, like something in the palm of my hand, in all three times in the endless Saṃsāra... all causes... knowledge, in all three spheres of the world, all birth-senses (?) of all beings, pleasentness. |
| b6 | ... I am stainless... Upage, as the sky is (stainless) from mud. |
| b6+ | ... (profit) and not profit, good and not good, fame (and reproach)... |
| b7 | ... my... even liberated from saṃsāra... |
Other
| a3+ | I am going to Benares and I will beat the drum of immortality; (I will turn the wheel of the law) that has (not) been turned (in the world before). (Peyrot 2013b: 218) |
|---|---|
| a5 | I will now state the sense of the strophes as far as my memory goes. (cf 172) (Peyrot 2013b: 260) |
| a6 | In drei Asaṃkhyeyas [und] hundert Kalpas habe ich [in Gestalt von] Gabe[n], Sittlichkeit, Kräften [und] Kenntnissen endlose Verdienst(e) gesammelt. (Schmidt 1974: 401) |
| b2 | If a breath comes from my mouth, up to the gods, they give up their negligence … (cf 172–173) (Peyrot 2013b: 644) |
| b3 | There is no movement, no word or thought of mine, [not] even within the measure of the smallest moment, which would not be for the happiness of others. (Peyrot 2013b: 259) |
| b5 | In allen drei Weltregionen und von allen Lebewesen alles, Geburt, Sinne [und] Schönheiten, sehe ich wie einen Gegenstand in meiner Handfläche. (Schmidt 1974: 193) |
Commentary
Remarks
| Transcription and translation are based on Carling et al. 2009. | |
| Transcription and references have been transferred from the "Text and Reference Database of the Tocharian A Language" (Gerd Carling Lund University) (funded by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and SCAS). |
Philological commentary
| n1 | asinät lkālmeans "to be seen without ever being satiated" (Carling and Pinault 2023). Here, it is used as a noun. I have translated it simply as "beauty". |
|---|---|
| n2 | tsäl(p)o: rather than käl(·)o, as in the edition |
References
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1921: 106-107; Sieg and Siegling 1921 p. 106, p. 107
Translations
Carling 2000: a6 (312, 315), a8 (231), b1 (358), b2 (231, 232), b4 (291), b5 (210); Hackstein 1995: a4 (332), b3 (198), b5 (250); Knoll 1996: b2 (142, 147, 149), b5 (56); Kölver 1965: a8 (27), b1 (20), b2 (135), b3 (94), b4 (146); Peyrot 2013b: a3 a4 (218), a5 (260), b2 (644), b3 (259); Schmidt 1974: a6 (401), b5 (193); Sieg and Siegling 1933: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8; Thomas 1952: b1 (63); Thomas 1954: b1 (749); Thomas 1957: a3 (99), a5 (98 n.2), a6 (206); Thomas 1958a: b4 (158); Thomas 1967c: b5 (175); Thomas 1968: a4 (197), b6 (228); Thomas 1969: a8 (261); Thomas 1972: b6 (434), b6 (451); Thomas 1983: a3 (23); Thomas 1990: b4 (14); Thomas 1997: b4 (139), b5 (139), b5 (86)
Bibliography
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktion der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Carling, Gerd, and Georges-Jean Pinault. 2023. Dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Carling, Gerd, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Werner Winter. 2009. A dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: Letters a-j. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Knoll, Gabriele. 1996. “Die Verwendungsweisen der Adjektive im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Kölver, Bernhard. 1965. “Der Gebrauch der sekundären Kasus im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Personal annotated copy of Wilhelm Siegling. Scanned by Douglas Q. Adams with the technical assistance of Michael Tarabulski and Kevin Dobbins. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1933. “Bruchstück eines Udānavarga-Kommentars (Udānālaṃkāra?) im Tocharischen.” In Festschrift Moriz Winternitz 1863 – 23. December – 1933, edited by Otto Stein and Wilhelm Gampert, 167–73. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.
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Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1958a. “Zum Ausdruck der Komparation beim tocharischen Adjektiv.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 75: 129–69.
Thomas, Werner. 1967c. “Zu wortverbindendem toch. A śkaṃ/ B ṣpä.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 81: 161–80.
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Thomas, Werner. 1969. “Bemerkungen zum Gebrauch von toch. A ptāñkät [B pañäkte, pudñäkte], A koṃ [B kauṃ]: A koṃñkät [B kauṃñäkte] usw.” Orbis 18: 235–68.
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