THT 1114
| Known as: | THT 1114; KVāc 22 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Hannes A. Fellner; Theresa Illés. "THT 1114". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht1114 (accessed 02 Dec. 2023). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Hannes A. Fellner; Theresa Illés |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Unknown |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection (BBAW) |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Karmavācanā |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Vinaya |
| Verse/Prose: | prose |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | THT 1102-1125 |
| Preceding fragment: | THT 1113 |
| Material: | ink on wood tablet |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Size (h × w): | 5.6 × 29 cm |
| Number of lines: | 5 |
Images
Images from idp.bbaw.de by courtesy of the International Dunhuang Project Berlin, the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Orientabteilung.
Transliteration
(continues from THT 1113)
| a1 | mā a ṣāṃ cai ta ne o sta meṃ la teṃ – /// /// l· na yā mo rnta sa – – n·¯ ¯s̝ tu ypa rwe mā ka o no lmeṃ |
|---|---|
| a2 | ntso a pra sā ttā ka • ti rthi nā ksa nte • śā sa /// /// ·[k]· • ce nā ki pā ssi ntse pe rne sa po yśi pa ñä kte yā tka a nta |
| a3 | rā yä nta pa rktsi • ma kte śpā [l]m·ṃ wa kī tse śū ke tā kaṃ : so lmeṃ bhā ja nne ku ṣa lle • e nte tu sai lle |
| a4 | tā kaṃ śpā lmeṃ wa¯ ¯t nau mi ye tā kaṃ : tu mā e nte r[a] – – [ṣa] l[l]e • pra kro na ya sna ne ta ṣa lle • pe ra¯ ¯k śau mo [nt]se |
| a5 | ka lpa s̝s̝a lle • ma kte wa¯ ¯t lā nte so¯ ¯y – – ·[e] – – – – – [m]· s̝(·)a l(·)e tā kaṃ k·e i ntri nta sa so lme tā kaṃ ṣa ña |
| b1 | nma sa ke ke nu ce¯ ¯u ya po¯ ¯yä a mā c[i]· – [a]· ·t· ·k· ntra [l]· – y· mts· – [m]p· [t]· – – – [k]us· su o no lme tā [k]· [i] ntri nta sa |
| b2 | so lme • yo lai na yā mo rnta sa mā ke ke nu • sū a ṣāṃ maske tra po· ś·· pa ñä kte ntse pe lai kne ṣṣe pi ca kra wa rtti lā nte so |
| b3 | yne ssi • ce¯ ¯u pa ñä kte yā tka wa sa t[p]ā¯ ¯t yā mtsi • tu ña ke ta ne pre ku¯ ¯cä ma kte wä nta |
| b4 | re tā kaṃ tu yä kne sa po¯ ¯ñä || klyau ṣi a [ṣ]· ·ī ·e [s]ā· – [se] ya śa kā me ya śe ntse wa sa npā tya ma s̝s̝a lle • se sa |
| b5 | ṅka meṃ wa sa npā¯ ¯t ya ska s – /// /// k·i sa ṅka ntse yai nmu pre ke ā rtto¯ ¯yä wa tka s̝s̝a lyñe s̝pa sa |
Transcription
(continues from THT 1113)
Translation
(continues from THT 1113)
| a1 | [were] not worthy, went from the house here [and] (were ordained, [although they]) [were] endowed with (ev)il deeds. Thereupon [in] many beings |
|---|---|
| a2 | disbelief arose. The Tīrthikas reproached: (They do damage to the) teaching. To keep away this reproach the Omniscient, the Buddha, commanded |
| a3 | to enquire about obstacles. Just like juice that is excellent [and] exquisite shall be poured into an undamaged vessel, where it will thus retain its taste, |
| a4 | or [like] a jewel that is most beautiful shall not be put (aside(?)) somewhere, [but shall] be put into [a] solid treasury [or shall] be let have by a trustworthy man, |
| a5 | or like a prince who is impeccable with regard to [his] mental powers [and] |
| b1 | [who] is well endowed with the arts, .... shall be made (king) [and] the ministers of the country gladly agree that he be made (king, just so) the being that is impeccable with regard to [its] mental powers |
| b2 | and not endowed with evil deeds, is worthy to be a son of the Omniscient, the Buddha, the law-king ruling the world. |
| b3 | Such a being the Buddha has commanded to be ordained. I will here [and] now ask you about them. Say as the matter |
| b4 | is! Let the venerable community hear! This Yaśakāma, Yaśa’s [= abbrev. of Vimalayaśa] [candidate] to be ordained |
| b5 | asks the community to ordain [him] (with Yaśa [as] upādhyāya). If the present moment pleases the community and it [be] the wish of the community |
Other
| a3+ | [Just] as when [the taste of a] juice is excellent and distinguished, it is to be poured into an intact bowl where it will keep; or when a jewel is splendid, it is not to be put away, [but] it is to be put in a firmly [closed] treasury, [or] it is to be taken charge of by a trustworthy person; or [just] as when the son of a king is to be made king, who has intact senses [lit. who is complete of senses] and masters [lit. is provided with] the arts, [then] the ministers of the land agree to make him king—comparable to that a being who has intact senses [and] does not bear [lit. is provided with] bad deeds is worthy to be a son of the omniscient Buddha, of the cakravartin king of the law. (Peyrot 2013c: 701) |
|---|---|
| b3+ | Now I will ask you this here. How the matter is, say it in that way! (Peyrot 2013c: 659) |
Commentary
Philological commentary
| The supplementation and commentaries follow Schmidt 1986b: 21, 139-140. | |
| n3 | The gap contains about 8 akṣaras. |
| n5 | The gap contains about 6 akṣaras. |
| n18 | The gap contains about 7 akṣaras. |
| n19 | se has no correspondence in the Skt. text. |
| n20 | The section of Tocharian text beginning with klyauṣi translates the Skt. text following below (THT 1115 b5 – THT 1116 a2). The Skt. version may be supplemented with the help of the text restored from Turfan finds by Härtel 1956 §37, p. 85: TB: klyauṣi aṣ(an)ī(k)e sā(ṅk) se yaśakāme yaśentse wasanpāt yamaṣṣälle • se saṅkameṃ wasanpāt yaskas(trä upādhyāyeṃ yaśentsa) k(ru)i saṅkantse yainmu preke ārttoy watkäṣṣälyñe ṣpä sa(ṅkantse) /// Skt.: śṛṇotu bhadanta saṃghaḥ ayaṃ (yaśakāma yaśasy=upasaṃpatpre)k(ṣ)ī -- saṃghād upadaṃ yācate yaśasyo(pādhyāye)na sacet sa(ṃ)ghasya prā(ptakālaḥ kṣamata ājñā ca saṃghasya) .... |
Remarks
| According to Schmidt 1986b: iv-v this ms. comes either from Qizil or from Tumšuq. | |
| This leaf is preserved in its full width and consists of 4 pieces. To the right of the string hole lines 1-2 are missing over a stretch of 7 and 5 cm respectively. | |
| The original ms. was 29 cm wide and 5.6 cm high, with the string hole 6.5 cm from the left margin. It was written by at least three hands: scribe 1, a beautiful, delicate script, from leaf 1 to 11 a1; scribe 2, distinguished by a number of orthographical idiosyncrasies/errors, from leaf 11 a1 to and including 19; scribe 3 from leaf 20 to end. The final leaves A and B THT 1123 and THT 1124 may have been written either by scribe 2 or a fourth hand. Cf. Schmidt 1986b: v, 2, 4-5 | |
| The leaf is in hand 3. |
Linguistic commentary
| n1 | onolmeṃntso for onolmeṃts. |
|---|---|
| n2 | The supplementation (keke)n(o)ṣ is based on yolaina yāmorntasa mā kekenu in b2. |
| n4 | śāsa is probably to be supplemented to śāsa(näntse) (sic!) A trace of the s of the genitive ending is still visible. |
| n6 | wakītse for wakitse; bhājanne for bhājaṃne. |
| n7 | saille is the Ger. II of sain- ‘lean on, rely on’. |
| n8 | perak for perāk. |
| n9 | yasna (Pl. Fem.), probably ‘treasury’, seems to correspond to TA Pl. pāśināñ. To this also would belong yäsnā- (THT 404 b1), which in Sieg and Siegling 1953: 269 and Thomas 1957: 119 has been corrected and supplemented to yästā(r)- ‘the double amount each’, but which rather should be supplemented to read yäsnā(meṃ) ‘from the treasuries’. |
| n10 | perak sic! for perāk. |
| n11 | intrintasa for indrintasa. |
| n12 | amācinta for amācänta; ceu for cau; intrintintasa for indrintasa. |
| n13 | y(ā)mts(i) – [m]p·: the value of the first element of the ligatura remains uncertain. Within the given context it may be possible to restore (tu)[m]p(a). |
| n14 | cakrawartti for cakravārtti. |
| n15 | nessi for nestsi; ceu for cau; wasatpāt for wasaṃtpāt. |
| n16 | wasantpāt for wasaṃtpāt. |
| n17 | The equation TB aṣ(an)ī(k)e = Skt. bhadanta is remarkable. It shows that Tocharian monks related Skt. bhadanta attributively – either as the first element of a compound (bhadanta- or as a Nom.Sg.Masc. (= bhadantaḥ) – to saṃghaḥ: “Let/May the venerable community hear!”. Among European scholars, however, it is usually regarded as a Voc.Pl.: “Let/May, oh venerable ones, the community hear!”. On a historical explanation of bhadanta cf. Rhys Davids and Stede 1921 q.v. |
| n21 | wasantpāt for wasaṃtpāt; krui for kwri; watkäṣṣälyñe for watkäṣṣälñe. |
| n22 | The equation TB ārttoy = Skt. kṣamate allows us to better define the meaning of ārtt-. It thus means ‘to favour, approve of, love, praise, Skt. kṣam-’, which makes sense in all attested occurrences. |
| n23 | The supplementation to sa(ṅkantse) is prompted by the Skt. model saṃghasya, cf. also THT 1116 a1. |
References
Online access
IDP: THT 1114; TITUS: THT 1114
Edition
Tamai 2014a: 381-382; Tamai 2007a: №1114; Schmidt 1986b: 21, 55-56
Translations
Peyrot 2013c: a3 a4 a5 b1 b2 b3 (701), b3 b4 (659); Schmidt 1986b: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 (89-91); Tamai 2014a: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 (381-382)
Bibliography
Härtel, Herbert. 1956. Karmavācanā. Formulare für den Gebrauch im buddhistischen Gemeindeleben aus ostturkestanischen Sanskrit-Handschriften. Sanskrittexte aus den Turfanfunden, III. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013c. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Rhys Davids, Thomas William, and William Stede. 1921. Pāli-English Dictionary. London: Pāli Text Society.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1986b. “Fragmente eines buddhistischen Ordinationsrituals in westtocharischer Sprache. Aus der Schule der Sarvāstivādins. Text, Übersetzung, Anmerkungen und Indizes.” {Habilitation}.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1953. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B, Heft 2. Fragmente Nr. 71-633. Edited by Werner Thomas. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2007a. “A preliminary edition of unpublished texts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” Thesaurus indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan collection. http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/tht.htm.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2014a. “The Tocharian Karmavācanā.” Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology (ARIRIAB) at Soka University for the Academic Year 2013 17: 365–94.
Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.”
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