THT 591
| Known as: | THT 591; B 591 |
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| Cite this page as: | Adrian Musitz (translation). "THT 591". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht591 (accessed 20 Sep. 2024). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Adrian Musitz (translation) |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Sengim |
| Expedition code: | T II S 19.1 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | late |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Path towards knowledge attaining arhatship |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Doctrine |
| Verse/Prose: | verse |
| Meter: | 554443 (4x) |
Object | |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Size (h × w): | 9 × 21-26 cm |
| Number of lines: | 7 |
Transliteration
| a1 | – – – i sta¯ ¯l a nā gā mñe tri ce pe rn[e] ka lpā s̝s̝a[ṃ] : kā ma dhā ttu ṣṣai y[o] ñyaṃ k[au] t· n· [mo] rñi kta ntse mī na dhva [je] wai pe ra skre nai ttä s̝s̝aṃ : ā rū /// |
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| a2 | – – – tu ne o mka¯ ¯s̝ ymi ye ma ske ta rne snai mi ya ṣñe a sta rya : śu ddha vā sntta ne ko sa [kca] sāṃ kaṃ pa ra mā¯ ¯rthä sa¯ ¯k pa¯ ¯s ka lpā s̝s̝aṃ ne r[vv]ā [ñ]ä /// |
| a3 | ṣka cce : 30 9 wi dha tu ṣ[ṣ]a – ly[p]au wa kle śa nma ṣka¯ ¯s e ṣe meṃ ma ske ta rne sa nai sa nai bhū mi ne : ñu ñu pa ke nta tsa ra sta¯ ¯r tai sā¯ ¯k /// |
| a4 | mu kti mā rgä ñuwā¯ ¯r pa ke – pu tta ṅkta¯ ¯r : ma kte nau¯ ¯s̝ we ñā¯ ¯m bha vā [gg]ä rṣṣa na kau ta tsyā s̝s̝aṃ va jro pa me |
| a5 | rne rha nte ññe kṣa ya jñāṃ mpa ṣe lkā si ra mno ka lma s̝s̝aṃ ne pyu tka sk[e] ne kre ntau [s]t· : 40 kuse cau pre ke /// |
| a6 | tkau mña ṣṣe sa¯ ¯k ta nma stä¯ ¯r ke ktseṃ ne : wro cya kā lka ntse kne lñe ṣṣe t[s]ā rwo [mā] su yā ta we ntsi ā ksi mā me nā [ktsa] ś· r·· /// |
| a7 | nau tā¯ ¯ñä ca me¯ ¯l ṣa¯ ¯ñä ya ma ṣlye ya ṣṣa ma¯ ¯r wä nta re : pa pā ṣṣo rñ· ne [o] s[u] wṣe ya wa mā ṣñi ne saṃ [tr]ai ·ā /// |
| b1 | – – lñe dhya na nma e [ṣ]e kṣa ṇa nma sa [t]ri wä s̝s̝a lñ· – [nta] ko ṭi vyu tkrā nti¯ ¯k : pra ti s[aṃ] vi tnta a – ·mi /// |
| b2 | ṣṣe śu ke sa : ka re spo rtto ta¯ ¯r yo gā cā re ntse pa ra ma ñi [ya] – sta [ra¯] [¯m] wi ka ṣñe ṣṣai la lyī ntse : a /// |
| b3 | mpa ṣe yu ka lñe ṣṣai e kṣa lyī sa plo nto ta¯ ¯r : 40 2 ke [t]· [n]· [t]ā kaṃ ka nte ka lpa ṣṣa jñā na saṃ bha¯ ¯r /// |
| b4 | mu¯ ¯rt wai ru ṣmā ga¯ ¯t yai [k]· tā kaṃ ne snai ka ṣṣiṃ cwi snai a k[ṣ]a lñe ā rya mā rgṣ[e] twa sa sta¯ ¯r : [s]ū /// |
| b5 | ka ṣu¯ ¯k pe lai kne nta re – ma stä rka lpā s̝s̝aṃ : pe rne pra tyai ka [pa] ñi kti ññe cau wa te ka¯ ¯s̝ su da kṣi ṇ[ā] k· [ma] [s]k· [ta] /// |
| b6 | – – ·e [t]e no ṣle tkaṃ ka ru· ai śa mñe a saṃ khyai nta ka lpa nma ṣṣai lā lyī sa ṣkā¯ ¯r mā mau ka : ma skwa nta ññe ṣṣe i me mā yā mtta¯ ¯r /// |
| b7 | – – e ṅkta¯ ¯r tu mā plā skaṃ mā ca mpau : o ṣno [m]i – nma a ra¯ ¯ñcä [k]l· t·a stä¯ ¯r wa śi ra ṣṣe a ra ñcnai ta¯ ¯r pi¯ ¯ś cme la ṣṣe·[¯] [¯ts] la kle /// |
Transcription
| 39a | 9σ a1 – ; – – istal ; anāgāmñe ; trice perne ; kälpāṣṣäṃ : |
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| 39b | kāmadhāttuṣṣai ; yoñyaṃ kaut(a)n(aṃ) ; morñiktantse ; mīnadhvaje ; waipe räskre ; naittäṣṣäṃ : |
| 39c | ārū /// 4σ a2 ; – – – tune ; om ka ṣ ymiye ; mäsketär-ne ; snai miyaṣñe ; astarya : |
| 39d | śuddhavāsnttäne ; kosä kca sāṃkaṃ ; paramārth sak ; päs kälpāṣṣäṃ ; nervvāñä /// 2σ a3 ṣkacce : 30-9 |
| 40a | wi dhatuṣṣa(na) ; lypauwan1 kleśanma ; ṣkas eṣemeṃ ; mäsketär-ne ; sanaisanai ; bhūmine : |
| 40b | ñu ñu pakenta ; tsarästar taisāk ; /// 5σ ; (anantarya,vi)a4muktimārg{†ä} ; ñuwār pake(nta) ; puttaṅktär : |
| 40c | mäkte nauṣ weñām ; bhavāggärṣṣana ; kautatsy āṣṣäṃ ; vajropame ; /// 7σ |
| 40d | 1σ a5 rne= rhanteññe ; kṣayajñāṃmpa ṣe ; lkāsi ram no ; kälmaṣṣäṃ-ne ; pyutkäske-ne ; krentaust· : 40 |
| 41a | kuse cau preke /// 11σ a6 tkaumñaṣṣe ; sak tänmastär ; kektseṃne : |
| 41b | wrocy akālkäntse ; knelñeṣṣe tsārwo ; mā su yāta ; wentsi āksi ; mā menāktsa ; ś· r·· /// 1σ |
| 41c | 10σ a7 ; nautāñ camel ; ṣañ yamaṣlye ; ya{ma}ṣṣamarn2 wäntare : |
| 41d | papāṣṣorñ(e)ne ; osu wṣeyawa ; mā ṣ ñi nesäṃ ; trai ·ā /// 9σ |
| 42a | 2σ b1 – – lñe ; dhyananma eṣe ; kṣaṇanmasa ; triwäṣṣälñ(e) ; (prā)ntakoṭi ; vyutkrāntik : |
| 42b | pratisaṃvitnta ; a – ·mi /// 13σ b2 ṣṣe ; śukesa : |
| 42c | kare sporttotär ; yogācārentse ; paramañiya ; – s täräm ; wikäṣñeṣṣai ; lalyīntse : |
| 42d | a /// 11σ b3 mpa ṣe ; yukalñeṣṣai ; ekṣalyīsa ; plontotär : 40-2 |
| 43a | ket(a) n(e) tākaṃ ; kante kalpaṣṣa ; jñānasaṃbhar ; /// 11σ |
| 43b | b4 murt wai ruṣ mā gat ; yaik(u) tākaṃ-ne ; snai käṣṣiṃ cwi ; snai akṣalñe ; āryamārg ṣe ; twasastär : |
| 43c | sū /// 11σ b5 ka ṣuk ; pelaiknenta ; re – mastär ; kälpāṣṣäṃ : |
| 43d | perne pratyaika;-pañiktiññe cau ; wate ka ṣ su ; dakṣiṇāk(e) ; mäsk· tä /// 2σ b6 – – |
| 44a | (k)ete no ṣletkäṃ ; karu(ṃ) aiśamñe ; asaṃkhyainta ; kalpanmaṣṣai ; lālyīs= aṣkār ; mā mauka : |
| 44b | maskwantaññeṣṣe ; ime mā yāmttar ; /// 3σ b7 – ; – eṅktär tu ; mā plāskaṃ ; mā campau : |
| 44c | oṣ no mi – n ma ; arañc kl(ā)t(k)ästär ; waśiräṣṣe ; arañcn= aitär ; piś cmelaṣṣe(ṃ)ts ; läkle /// 1σ |
Translation
| a1 | ... obtains the third rank of Anāgāmin. He cuts off the way of the seat of wishes. He fiercely tears off the love-god-banner of Māra. |
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| a2 | ... there is his way, without harm, pure. However many Śuddhavāsa-gods arise here, he obtains the highest truth, happiness, ... of Nirvāna... |
| a3 | Sixth... His Kleśas of the two regions that remain are altogether six, each one in its place (?) ... separates nine parts each in this way... |
| a3+ | The way of immediate deliverance is divided into nine parts each. |
| a4 | As we have said earlier, Vajropame brings... to split the... of the limit of existence... |
| a5 | ... permits him to see, so to speak, the rank of Arhant together with knowledge of perishability. They accomplish his virtues (?) |
| a5+ | Who... the time..., bliss of joy is created in the body. |
| a6 | He did not manage to tell and to relate the thrill of having a great wish fulfilled, not with a simile... |
| a7 | ... my life disappeared... I did the thing that I had to do. Dressed in good behavior I lied down. And I do not have... |
| b1 | ... the mixing together of dhyānasin instances, the extreme vyutkrāntaka-samāpatti... |
| b1+ | Special knowledge... with taste... |
| b2 | ... of zeal in decrease ... |
| b2 | Is the rank of a Yogācāra... of the exertion of loss... |
| b2+ | ... together with... rejoices over a triumph. |
| b3 | If it is in a field (?), ... obtained... hundred sciences (?)... |
| b4 | If |
| b4+ | ... seven laws... does (?)... |
| b5 | ... obtains the rank of a Pratyeka-Buddha. |
| b5+ | The second becomes worthy of sacrifice... |
| b6 | Whosever compassion and wisdom is overflowing, through the labor of asaṃkhyeyas and kalpas, he did not stop again. |
| b6+ | If he doesn't think of hindrances, ... if he seizes..., if he doesn't think: "I cannot", then... doesn't gladden the heart. |
| b7 | ... if he takes in his diamond heart the suffering of the beings of five births... |
Other
| a2+ | No matter how many Śuddhavāsa gods rise here, [each] obtains the happiness of the highest truth of the eternal nirvāṇa. (Peyrot 2013b: 323) |
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| a6 | … the happiness of joy comes about in his body: he is not able to tell the joy of the fulfilling of the dear [lit. great] wish, to teach it or to let it know in a metaphor. (Peyrot 2013b: 667) |
| b3 | Who has the jñānasaṃbhāra of a hundred kalpas here, … (Peyrot 2013b: 675) |
| b4 | If his definite shape and form are not gone or lost, the Āryamarga [the noble path] is at once lit up for him without teacher and without teaching. (Peyrot 2013b: 675) |
| b5 | … he witnesses the 37 laws and attains the rank of a pratyeka Buddha and second he becomes worthy of receiving gifts … (Peyrot 2013b: 675) |
| b6+ | To whom, however, compassion and wisdom arise, and who does not turn back from the effort for countless ages, and does not make the consciousness of hindrance … and takes …, and does not think «I cannot», even oṣ or honey does not delight his heart if he takes the sorrows of the beings of the five births in his vajra-like heart. (cf 476) (Peyrot 2013b: 675) |
| b7 | Auch ... oder Honig wird nicht [sein] Herz erfreuen, wenn er die Leiden der Fünfgeburten[wesen] in [sein] Herz nimmt [bzw. in [seinem] Herzen trägt]. (Schmidt 1974: 364) |
Commentary
Remarks
| The original manuscript is missing. |
Philological commentary
| n1 | lypauwais obscure. It belongs to lypaṣ(for * lypoṣ?) in THT 492 a3. The latter would make the most sense if it is translated as "remaining", i.e. belonging to the stem lip-. |
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| n2 | This looks like a strange hybrid of a preterite and present middle. I translated it as preterite. |
Alternative linguistic/paleographic classifications
| Peyrot 2008 | L |
| Tamai 2011 | C14 |
References
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1953: 375-377
Translations
Hackstein 1995: a7 (218), b4 (348f), b7 (252); Krause 1952: a4 (84), a7 (153); Peyrot 2012a: b2 (198); Peyrot 2013b: a2 a3 (323), a6 (667), b3 (675), b4 (675), b5 (675), b6 b7 (675); Schmidt 1974: b7 (364); Thomas 1952: a7 (27); Thomas 1954: a4 (716), a5 (730), a6 (723); Thomas 1957: a3 (286), a3 a4 (230), a7 (22); Thomas 1967: b4 (266); Thomas 1967b: a7 (22); Thomas 1968: a3 a4 (227); Thomas 1969: a1 (265), a7 (267); Thomas 1969b: b5 (56); Thomas 1972: a2 (447); Thomas 1979b: b3 (18)
Bibliography
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Krause, Wolfgang. 1952. Westtocharische Grammatik, Band I. Das Verbum. Heidelberg: Winter.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2008. Variation and change in Tocharian B. Vol. 15. Leiden Studies in Indo-European. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2012a. “The Tocharian A match of the Tocharian B obl.sg. -ai.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 13: 181–220.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1953. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B, Heft 2. Fragmente Nr. 71-633. Edited by Werner Thomas. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2011. Paläographische Untersuchungen zum B-Tocharischen. Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 138. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen.
Thomas, Werner. 1952. Die tocharischen Verbaladjektive auf -l. Deutsche Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Institut für Orientforschung 9. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
Thomas, Werner. 1954. “Die Infinitive im Tocharischen.” In Asiatica. Festschrift Friedrich Weller. Zum 65. Geburtstag, gewidmet von seinen Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern, edited by Johannes Schubert and Ulrich Schneider, 701–64. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1967. “Bemerkungen zum Gebrauch von toch. A yo und B wai.” Central Asiatic Journal 11: 264–74.
Thomas, Werner. 1967b. “Besteht ein formaler Unterschied zwischen N. und Obl. Sg. m. bei den wtoch. Verbaladjektiven?” Die Sprache 13: 20–30.
Thomas, Werner. 1968. “Zur Verwendung von toch. A oki/B ramt und A mäṃtne/B mäkte in Vergleichen.” Orbis 17: 198–231.
Thomas, Werner. 1969. “Bemerkungen zum Gebrauch von toch. A ptāñkät [B pañäkte, pudñäkte], A koṃ [B kauṃ]: A koṃñkät [B kauṃñäkte] usw.” Orbis 18: 235–68.
Thomas, Werner. 1969b. “Toch. B pañäkti Gen. Sg.?” Sprache 15: 53–58.
Thomas, Werner. 1972. “Zweigliedrige Wortverbindungen im Tocharischen.” Orbis 21: 429–70.
Thomas, Werner. 1979b. Formale Besonderheiten in metrischen Texten des Tocharischen: Zur Verteilung von B tane/tne “hier” und B ñake/ñke “jetzt”. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 15. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
