THT 1111
| Known as: | THT 1111; KVāc 19 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Hannes A. Fellner; Theresa Illés. "THT 1111". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht1111 (accessed 04 Dec. 2023). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Hannes A. Fellner; Theresa Illés |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Unknown |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection (BBAW) |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB; Sanskrit |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Karmavācanā |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Vinaya |
| Verse/Prose: | prose |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | THT 1102-1125 |
| Preceding fragment: | THT 1110 |
| Following fragment: | THT 1112 |
| Material: | ink on wood tablet |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Size (h × w): | 5.6 × 29 cm |
| Number of lines: | 5 |
Images
Images from idp.bbaw.de by courtesy of the International Dunhuang Project Berlin, the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Orientabteilung.
Transliteration
(continues from THT 1110)
| a1 | ye ṣāṃ mā yu ṣmaṃ tāṃ kṣa m· – vi ma l· – – – /// /// ya ḥ ya śa kā ma ma nu śā si ṣya ti te tu ṣṇīṃ ye ṣā[ṃ] na kṣa |
|---|---|
| a2 | ma te • te bha ṣaṃ tāṃ saṃ ma ta [ḥ] – – ghe na vi ma la ya – – – – – ḥ ya ḥ ya śa kā ma ma nu śā sa yi ṣya ti kṣa ma ta e va saṃ gha |
| a3 | sya ya smā ttu ṣṇīṃ me [v]· [m]· ta ddhā ra ya ta ḥ – – – – nu śā sa ke ne sa lye pi pa rna ya le wa saṃ npā tya ma lye ṣa |
| a4 | nmi reṃ pka nte ya mi ña na wä nta rwa pr[e] – [le] || [pa] /// /// ¯ e mpreṃ we lyñe tse pre ke sā [au] [s]pa we lyñe tse pre śi ya ta ne |
| a5 | ñi ści pre ku kuse ta¯ ¯ñ tu meṃ ta tā – – /// /// ·[ā] – tā ka¯ ¯r• mā ta tā ka¯ ¯r• śa rsa ṣṣä le e ṅkwe ne stä so |
| b1 | lm[e] i kaṃ pi kwa la ñe ne stä ma [p]i /// /// ·[k]· ku ne stä ma pi ka ryau ne stä ma pi we re te ma ṣe ne stä ma |
| b2 | pi lā nte wa nta re śce ne stä ma pi [l]· ·[t]· – k· /// [ś]c· ka stu na pa lska na tä ma pi ke tra ca pe ri ne stä to tka tsa |
| b3 | mo wa¯ ¯t• ma ske ntä rno e [ṅ]· we tse toṃ te [y]·· – – – – – [n]m· ko ṣṭä kā swo pi śtra kṣai a pa smā rma pi ksa te yä kne tse te ki |
| b4 | ne saṃ cä śā ma ne ta¯ ¯ñ• pā ·e· – ce[¯] [¯r•] plā ksa tai me kre ·[e] – – – n· o sta meṃ laṃ tsi ma pi nau¯ ¯ṣ• ṣa mā ne ṣai yta kwri weṃ ṣa mā ne ṣai¯ ¯m pre kṣa |
| b5 | le yma su śa kṣa pā tä· – – rkā sta – – – ·ai – – – [s]· ke tse a [n]ta rā yä nta pre kṣa lo na tu meṃ a nu śā sa ke tse wa saṃ npā – |
(continues on THT 1112)
Transcription
(continues from THT 1110)
| yeṣāṃm āyuṣmaṃtāṃ kṣam(ate) vimal(ayaśam) /// /// yaḥ yaśakāmam anuśāsiṣyati te tuṣṇīṃ yeṣāṃ na kṣa- | |
| a2 | -maten3 |
| • te bhaṣaṃtāṃ saṃmataḥ (saṃ)ghena vimalaya(śo) (nuśāsaka)ḥ yaḥ yaśakāmam anuśāsayiṣyati kṣamata eva saṃgha- | |
| a3 | -syan4 |
| yasmāt tuṣṇīṃm ev(a)m (e)tad dhārayataḥ |
| – – – (a)nuśāsake nesalyepi parna yale wasaṃnpāt yamalye ṣa- | |
| a4 | -nmireṃn5n6n7n8n9 pkänte-yamiñana wäntarwa pre(kṣa)le ॥ pä(klyauṣ) /// /// (tañ) empreṃ welyñetse preke sā auspa welyñetse preśiya tane |
| a5 | n10n11n12 ñiś ci preku kuse tañ tumeṃ tatā(kar) /// /// (m)ā (ta)tākar mā tatākar śarsaṣṣäle eṅkwe nestä so- |
| b1 | -lmen13n14n15 ikäṃ-pikwalañe nestä mapi /// /// ·k·ku nestä mapi käryau nestä mapi weretemaṣe nestä ma- |
| b2 | -pin16n17n18n19n20n21n22 lānte wantareśce nestä mapi l(ān)t(e) – k· /// (lāntä)śc(ä) kastuna palskanatä mapi ketra ca peri nestä totka tsa- |
| b3 | -mon22n23n24 wat mäskentär no eṅ(k)wetse toṃ te y(äknetsana) (teka)nm(a) koṣṭä kāswo piśträ kṣai apasmār mapi ksa te yäknetse teki |
| b4 | n25n26n27n28 nesaṃ-cä śāmane tañ pā(c)e(r) (mā)cer plāksatai-me kre·e – – – n(o) ostameṃ laṃtsi mapi nauṣ ṣamāne ṣaiytä kwri weṃ ṣamāne ṣaim prekṣa- |
| b5 | -len29 ymasu śäkṣapātä(nta) (cä)rkāsta – – – ·ai – (anuśā)s(a)ketse antarāyänta prekṣalona tumeṃ anuśāsaketse wasaṃnpā(t) |
(continues on THT 1112)
Translation
(continues from THT 1110)
| a1 | Whoever [of the] venerable ones agree (to appoint) Vimal(ayaśa [as] instructor), who shall instruct Yaśakāma, these [be] silent. Whoever do not |
|---|---|
| a2 | agree, these shall speak. The (com)munity has appointed Vimalayaśa [as] (instructor), who shall instruct Yaśakāma. The community agrees |
| a3 | for they [are] silent. Thus you shall assert this. (Thereupon) the one to be instructor shall go out [and] shall interrogate the novice to be ordained |
| a4 | [with regard to] any obstacles [antarāyikā dharmāḥ]: (Listen, venerable one! This [now] for you [is]) the time to speak the truth. This [is] the time to speak according to the facts. Therefore |
| a5 | I will ask you, how it is with you, [and] thereupon ([you] shall speak:) what is, (as it is); what is (not) [you] shall have be known just as it is not: [1.] Are you male? |
| b1 | [2.] Are you full 20 years of age? [3.] (You are) not (a slave)? [4.] You are (not other people’s peon? [5.] You have not been bought? [6.] You are not a debtor by bankruptcy? [7.] |
| b2 | You are not a mercenary [or: official?] of the king? [8.] (You have) not (sinned against) the king? [9.] You are (not secretly(?)) considering a conspiracy against the king? [10.] You are not indebted to anyone, neither a little |
| b3 | nor much? [11.] Now among men there are the following diseases: black leprosy, white leprosy, scrofula, tuberculosis [and] epilepsy. You do not suffer from one of these diseases? |
| b4 | [12.] Are your father [and] mother [still] alive? [13.] Have you asked their permission [and] (have you also received) the permission to go from the house? [14.] You have never been a monk before? If he says: I was a monk [before], he shall be asked: |
| b5 | Did you give up (the) commandment(s) with [careful] consideration [and] (do you [now, after careful consideration,] wish to return [to them]? Thus) the (instruct)or shall inquire about obstacles. After the instructor has asked the one to be ordained |
(continues on THT 1112)
Other
| a4+ | Now I will ask you [about] what [it is with] you. (Peyrot 2013c: 659) |
|---|---|
| b1 | You have not been bought, have you? (Peyrot 2013c: 366) |
| b4 | «You haven't been monk before, have you?» If he says, «I have been monk», [he is] to be asked: … (Peyrot 2013c: 701) |
Commentary
Philological commentary
| The supplementation and commentaries follow Schmidt 1986b: 18-9, 137. | |
| n2 | The gap contains about 9 syllables. |
| n8 | The gap contains 8 akṣaras. |
| n9 | pkänte yamiñana wäntarwa are the “obstacles” [Skt. antarāyikā dharmāḥ], i.e. circumstances preventing ordination. |
| n12 | The gap contains 7 akṣaras. |
| n15 | The gap contains about 12 akṣaras. |
| n21 | The gap contains 8 akṣaras. |
Remarks
| According to Schmidt 1986b: iv-v, this ms. comes either from Qizil or from Tumšuq. | |
| From this leaf 2 large fragments are preserved: from the left side, consisting of 2 pieces and about 11 cm wide; and the right half of the leaf, consisting of 2 pieces (of the smaller of which, about 2 cm high, only the verso is preserved) and about 13.5 cm wide. In the centre a strip of 2.5-8 cm is missing. | |
| The original ms. was 29 cm wide and 5.6 cm high, with the string hole 6.5 cm from the left margin. It was written by at least three hands: scribe 1, a beautiful, delicate script, from leaf 1 to 11 a1; scribe 2, distinguished by a number of orthographical idiosyncrasies/errors, from leaf 11 a1 to and including 19; scribe 3 from leaf 20 to end. The final leaves A and B THT 1123 and THT 1124 may have been written either by scribe 2 or a fourth hand. Cf. Schmidt 1986b: v, 2, 4 | |
| The leaf is in hand 2. |
Linguistic commentary
| n1 | yeṣāṃm sic! |
|---|---|
| n3 | bhaṣaṃtāṃ must be corrected to bhāṣaṃtāṃ. |
| n4 | yale for yalle; wasaṃnpāt for wasaṃpāt. |
| n5 | pkänte-yamiñana for pkänte-yamiññana; prekṣale for prekṣalle; welyñetse for welñentse; preśiya for preściya. |
| n6 | tuṣṇīṃm sic! dhārayataḥ must be corrected to dhārayata. auspa is certainly to be read as such. |
| n7 | Here auspa, otherwise known as an adverbial ‘truly, indeed’, here is an adjective ‘true, BHS bhūta’. |
| n10 | nestä for nest. |
| n11 | śarsaṣṣäle sic! for śarsäṣṣäle. |
| n13 | ikäṃ-pikwalañe for ikäṃ-pikwalaññe; nestä for nest. |
| n14 | temaṣe: separation into individual words is uncertain. weretemaṣe, on the basis of its equivalent in the Chinese version, must mean something like ‘debtor by bankruptcy (?)’ (cf. Schmidt 1986b: 137). |
| n16 | nestä for nest; lāntäścä for lāntäśc; palskanatä for pälskanat; ketra for ketara; ca for kca. |
| n17 | wantareśce probably corresponds to Skt. bhaṭa ‘mercenary’. The associated Nom.Pl. wäntreśśi THT 274 a4 is translated as ‘vermogenden’ (i.e. ‘men of property’) in Couvreur 1954a: 111. |
| n18 | The last syllable before the gap must be read either as k[a] or k[ā]. |
| n19 | On the basis of the Chinese version kastuna, only attested here, must mean something like ‘secret assaults (?), conspiracy (?)’ (cf. Schmidt 1986b: 137). |
| n20 | ca peri is probably to be regarded as a bahuvrīhi (ca-peri) meaning ‘having something as debt’. |
| n22 | tsamo = Skt. prabhūta ‘much, plenty, numerous’, Adv. ‘exceedingly’, pace Thomas 1985b, who regards tsamo as a noun meaning ‘tumour, excrescence; increase, growth, welfare, prosperity, thriving’. |
| n23 | eṅkwetse for eṅkwentse. |
| n24 | koṣṭä = Skt. kuṣṭha ‘(black) leprosy’; piśträ =? Skt. gaṇḍa ‘scrofula’; kṣai = Skt. kṣaya ‘tubercolosis’; apasmār = Skt. apasmāra ‘epilepsy’. |
| n25 | nesaṃ-cä for nesaṃ-c; laṃtsi for lantsi; ṣaiytä for ṣait; prekṣale for prekṣalle. |
| n26 | plāksatai is a Pt. III of plāk-, Kaus. III ‘to ask for permission’. |
| n27 | kre·e (no certain supplementation), perhaps ‘permission’ [cf. TA ke]. |
| n28 | The supplementation of the first syllable after the gap to no is relatively certain. |
| n29 | ymasu for imassu; śäkṣapātänta for śikṣapātänta; anuśāsaketse for anuśāsakentse; wasaṃnpāt for wasaṃpāt. |
References
Online access
IDP: THT 1111; TITUS: THT 1111
Edition
Tamai 2014a: 377-378; Tamai 2007a: №1111; Schmidt 1986b: 18-19, 51-51
Translations
Peyrot 2013c: a4 a5 (659), b1 (366), b4 (701); Schmidt 1986b: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 (85-87); Tamai 2014a: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 (377-378)
Bibliography
Couvreur, Walter. 1954a. “Koetsjische literaire fragmenten uit de Berlijnse verzameling (naar aanleiding van Sieg & Siegling’s Tocharische Sprachreste).” Handelingen VIII der Zuidnederlandse Maatschappij voor Taal- en Letterkunde en Geschiedenis, 97–117.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013c. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1986b. “Fragmente eines buddhistischen Ordinationsrituals in westtocharischer Sprache. Aus der Schule der Sarvāstivādins. Text, Übersetzung, Anmerkungen und Indizes.” {Habilitation}.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2007a. “A preliminary edition of unpublished texts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” Thesaurus indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan collection. http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/tht.htm.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2014a. “The Tocharian Karmavācanā.” Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology (ARIRIAB) at Soka University for the Academic Year 2013 17: 365–94.
Thomas, Werner. 1985b. “Toch. B tsamo < *tsämä́mo?” Indogermanische Forschungen 90: 88–93.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.”
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