PK NS 34
| Known as: | PK NS 34; Pelliot Koutchéen Nouvelle Série 34 |
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| Cite this page as: | Georges-Jean Pinault; Hannes A. Fellner (collaborator). "PK NS 34". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-pkns34 (accessed 07 Feb. 2026). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Georges-Jean Pinault; Hannes A. Fellner (collaborator) |
| Date of online publication: | 2014-07 |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Duldur-akur |
| Expedition code: | M 500.8 |
| Collection: | Bibliothèque nationale de France, fonds Pelliot Koutchéen (Paris) |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Add. linguistic characteristics: | hypercorrect |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Mahāprabhāsa-Avadāna |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Jātaka/Avadāna |
| Verse/Prose: | prose; verse |
| Meter: | 4343 (4x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | Mahāprabhāsa-Avadāna |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Size (h × w): | 7.8 × 24.7/22.7 cm |
| Number of lines: | 4 |
| Interline spacing: | 1.7 cm |
Images
Images from gallica.bnf.fr by courtesy of the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département des Manuscrits, Pelliot koutchéen.
Transliteration
| a1 | /// klyau s̝ta¯ ¯r• mā ke cai ṣe kaṃ ñe śai ṣṣe ne tse ṅke nta¯ ¯r• u du m[p]a[¯] [¯r] pyā pyai mpa ta se |
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| a2 | /// ś[ai] ṣṣe ne pā kri ma ske nta¯ ¯r e nt[e] [no] tsa ṅkaṃ po o no l[m]eṃ¯ ¯[t]s la [k]l[e] nta ne wa ste ma |
| a3 | /// ○ ta ṅwa ññu su kka ka ṣe ske śai ṣṣe ntse ka rtse [r]i ta (–) [ā] ·[e] m· [a] ly[ai]¯ ¯k na no tu kyä kne |
| a4 | /// ma ske nta¯ ¯r tū po kse¯ ¯ñä || o mno ha stā ṅku [śe] (– – –) [m]· ·[e] e [r]e sa lā nta śwe s̝s̝aṃ || va |
| b1 | /// [¯]k pu dñä kti ga ṅga vā lu¯ ¯k nau ṣaṃ ñi : la ktsau [ñai] (– –) [s]· ñṣai lyau ka¯ ¯r śai ṣṣeṃ ta rltse cceṃ : |
| b2 | /// ○ lkā tsi ñä kcye śā mñe ne rvāṃ ṣṣe : cai tu skai na· [ṣa] [ññ]· ññe śai ṣṣe snū meṃ sla ṅke ntra 1 |
| b3 | /// kre ntyā mo rne yā mta¯ ¯r kwri : [au] [m]n[o] ppo lau cm[e] lna lye¯ ¯k tā ka ñcā klyi kreṃ [n]tyā |
| b4 | /// kaṃ ā klyi pa lsko ntse : a lyai¯ ¯k cme lne cme ta¯ ¯r kwri su¯ ¯k cwī ā klyi ma ske ta¯ ¯r [:] 2 |
Transcription
| a1 | /// /// klyauṣtär m= āke cai ṣekaṃñe śaiṣṣene tseṅkentär udumpar pyāpyaimpa tase¬ |
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| a2 | ¬(mane) /// /// śaiṣṣene pākri mäskentär ente no tsaṅkaṃ po onolmeṃts läklentane waste mä¬ |
| a3 | ¬(skentär) /// /// täṅwaññu sukkaka ṣeske śaiṣṣentse kärtse-rita (klaw)ā(t)e m(ā) alyaik nano tu-k yäkne¬ |
| a4 | ¬(sa)n1 /// /// mäskentär tū pokse-ñ ॥ om no hastāṅkuśe (ārwer) m(aimaṃc)e eresa lāntäś weṣṣäṃ ॥ va¬ |
| b1 | ¬(napraveśne) /// /// |
| 1a | (alyai)k pudñäkti ; gaṅgavāluk nauṣaṃñi : |
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| 1b | läktsauñai(sa) (kekt)s(e)ñṣai ; lyaukar śaiṣṣeṃ tarltsecceṃ : |
| 1c | b2/// /// lkātsi ; ñäkcye śāmñe nervāṃṣṣe : |
| 1d | cai tu skaina(ṃ) ṣaññ(ä)ññe ; śaiṣṣe snūmeṃ slaṅkenträ 1 |
| 2a | b3n2 /// /// (āklyi) ; krent yāmorne yāmtar kwri : |
| 2b | aum no ppo lau cmeln= alyek ; tākañ-c āklyi kreṃnt yāb4(mor)n3n4 |
| 2c | /// /// (yāmu) ; (tā)kaṃ āklyi pälskontse : |
| 2d | alyaik cmelne cmetär kwri ; su-k cwī āklyi mäsketär : 2 |
Translation
| a1 | It is heard [as follows]: without end these ones constantly arise in the world, ... comparable to the Udumbara-flower, |
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| a2 | they become visible in the world. And when they arise, they are the refuge of all the beings in the sufferings. |
| a3 | O lovely one, is this one indeed absolutely alone called the seeker of good for the world? And again, are the other ones not (seekers of good) precisely in this way? |
| a4 | Tell me that! Then Hastāṅkuśa with clever figure readily says to the king: in [the tune] vanapraveśa |
| b1 | (In many eras) the other Buddha-lords of the past numerous as the sand of the Ganges river, with the splendor of the body they have illuminated the three-thousand-fold worlds, |
| b2 | in order to see (the salvation) of the Nirvāṇa concerning the gods [and] the humans. These ones make an effort about that which is proper to them, they pull the world out of danger. |
| b3 | ... if you learn (something) in a good action, in that case then in every distant other birth the good action will be a lesson for you. |
| b4 | ... if something (has been learned) by the mind, if one is reborn in a different birth, this indeed becomes a lesson for that (mind). |
Other
| a2 | ... they become manifest in the world. But when they arise, they are a refuge for all beings in [their] sorrows. (Peyrot 2013b: 683) |
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Commentary
Linguistic commentary
| This text shows instances of hypercorrect spellings of diphthongs: | |
| n2 | aum for om. |
| n3 | alyaik for alyek |
| n4 | Note also the gemination of the initial stop of ppo for po. |
Remarks
| Fragments PK NS 34, PK NS 37 (including 38), PK NS 144 and PK NS 398 belong to the same manuscript. In this fragment the right margin is preserved. On both sides traces of ruling are still visible. |
Philological commentary
| n1 | The meter is 4 x 14 syllables with the rhythm 7/7; the name of the tune ought to be restored as vanapraveś, loan from Skt. vanapraveśa-. |
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References
Edition
Pinault 1988a: 188-193
Translations
Adams 2012a: b1 (27); Couvreur 1954: b1 (90); Hackstein 1995: b1 (124); Peyrot 2013b: a2 (683); Pinault 1988a: a1 a2 a3 a4 b1 b2 b3 b4 (188-193)
Bibliography
Adams, Douglas Q. 2012a. “Shedding light on *leuk- in Tocharian and Hittite and the wider implications of reconstructing its Indo-European morphology.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 13: 21–55.
Couvreur, Walter. 1954. “Review of: Westtocharische Grammatik, Band I. Das Verbum.” Göttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen 208: 79–92.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Pinault, Georges-Jean. 1988a. “Révision des fragments en tokharien B de la légende de Mahāprabhāsa.” In Studia Indogermanica et Slavica. Festgabe für Werner Thomas zum 65. Geburtstag, edited by Peter Kosta, Gabriele Lerch, and Peter Olivier, 175–210. München: Sagner.
