THT 109
| Known as: | THT 109; B 109; Bleistiftnummer 2012 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Adrian Musitz (translation). "THT 109". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht109 (accessed 27 Jul. 2024). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Adrian Musitz (translation) |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Sengim |
| Specific find spot: | Sängimer Schlucht |
| Expedition code: | T II S 33 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | late |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Passage: | Yaśodharā |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Buddha legend |
| Verse/Prose: | prose; verse |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | THT 107f. |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 10 |
Images
Images from idp.bl.uk by courtesy of the International Dunhuang Project, the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Orientabteilung.
Transliteration
| a2 | /// ṣṣ· we ña /// |
|---|---|
| a3 | /// mtts· skā ya¯ ¯s• • sa ntsā ra ṣṣa na – – lwa tre ṅka lwa teṃ ya – – |
| a4 | /// ktsa nma e ka ñe nta ā rwe ryā mo rmeṃ ysā ṣṣeṃ ñi ka ñceṃ wme ra wrā ka ññeṃ [no] |
| a5 | /// [lo] pā te • prā¯ ¯p• ma hu¯ ¯r• ā ssa ta ssā te • ha ra nma mu kti hā ra nta wrā ka ñe |
| a6 | /// ·pu ra ṣṣa na klai na mpa rā hu leṃ pa lka si ya lñe ṣṣai [ṣ]e wi sa ka pi la |
| a7 | /// a ñjā¯ ¯l• ṣa rne yā mu sa cā kkä¯ ¯r la kṣā ntsa yai tu wa klyo mñā na la laṃ ṣka |
| a8 | /// na e ka ñe nta pa ñi kte ka ṣṣi ntse ṣe sa sā ṅka mpa ca ri tya ma ṣṣa – – |
| a9 | /// [t]e ke klyau ṣo rmeṃ po e ṅka lwa yai ka sro tā pa tti ññe pe rne ka lpa || |
| a10 | /// we ña ṣe ka ya tā te ñi¯ ¯ś• yā ṅka ssi • śu ke nta sa swa ro |
| b1 | /// [n]y· [g]r[o] dhā rā msa ṅkrā mi¯ ¯ś• ya tsi o mtsa te ya śo dha rai la ntso – |
| b2 | /// [s]· a raṃ śne sa lā te ne • kuca tā kmeṃ ṣa ñe¯ ¯m• e tte ṣa llā te • cau [k]ca me lne |
| b3 | /// ka ṣṣi ntse a kṣā re sai mwä sta ya śo dha ra lā ntsa śi ka mai yyai ne la rau m(·)e – |
| b4 | /// ri ntsa te ñi pe lykiṃ • nau ṣra pre śyai ne ñśa [ṣṣ]e tre ṅka ltsa śau¯ ¯l ri ntsa te tu pklyau ss[o] |
| b5 | /// re prā kre kla ntsa ññi • ya śa swi ñi ki nna rña pu wā (·)¯ ¯ś• ā ksau sa la mau |
| b6 | /// po wa rks̝a ltsa wä nta lyi i te [pa] nnā te ka rṣṣa • sā dhu keṃ ki nna reṃ a ra¯ ¯ñcä |
| b7 | /// lya ku¯ ¯r a ka rtte klyo mmo¯ ¯nt• pa lsko sā ka ske tu ttu tā rka¯ ¯ñä ko¯ ¯s• ṣa |
| b8 | /// [o] ta¯ ¯ks̝• pā lkau ne ce kca tu le ka nma pi kā ra nta ya – – |
| b9 | /// [me]¯ ¯r ma sa /// |
Transcription
Translation
| a2 | ... Buddha the teacher said... |
|---|---|
| a3 | ... try to do...! In this way, the desires and clingings of saṃsāra... |
| a4+ | ... having prepared food, drink and equipment, golden, silver ornaments consisting of pearls and jewels... |
| a5 | ... smeared... ... she put the diadem on her head. Necklaces, pearl necklaces... |
| a6+ | ... with the pretense of going to see Rāhula with the women of the harem, ... from Kapilavāstu... |
| a7+ | ... having made the añjali-gesture, (worshipping) the noble feet (of the Buddha), adorned with wheel-marks, soft, ... sweet equipment (?)... she made obeisances (?) to the Buddha together with the saṅgha. |
| a9 | ... having heard that, she cast off all desires, and obtained the rank of srotāpatti. |
| a10 | ... said: |
| a10+ | Only one person (ever) managed to bewitch me with sweet charms. |
| b1 | ... set out to go to the Nyagrodhārāma-monastery. |
| b1+ | ... of queen Yaśodharā... (grief) arose in her heart. |
| b2 | She threw herself down from a tower. In the birth... |
| b3 | ... they told (Buddha) the teacher: Refuge, protection, queen Yaśodharā, out of love for the ten-powered one... |
| b4 | ... renounced... for my sake. In an earlier time, too, she gave up her life out of attachment to me. Hear this: |
| b5 | The Kinnara... was sleeping soundly. |
| b5+ | The Kinnarā Yaśaswiñi, having awakened to the fire, sitting... |
| b6 | ... fully stretched the bow with all his might and shot. (He hit) the Kinnara Sādhuke (in) the heart... |
| b7 | ... time... they keep the noble thought near. Give that up for me! (?) How much... |
| b8 | ... and then I will see him. ... this one... gestures... |
| b9 | ... quickly went... |
Other
| a2 | /// 仏陀・先生は言った。/// (Masanori 2021: 87 (52)) |
|---|---|
| a3 | /// 為すために君たちは励みなさい。輪廻にかかわる諸々の激情［と］執着を このように (Masanori 2021: 87 (52)) |
| a4 | /// 諸々の食物、諸々の飲物、諸々の付属［の飲食］物を用意したのちに、金・銀の宝、真珠の/// を/// (Masanori 2021: 87 (52)) |
| a5 | /// ヤショーダラーは］塗りつけた (3.sg)。冠を［自分の］頭の上に［ヤショーダラーは］据え置いた (3.sg.)。諸々の真珠、諸々の真珠の首飾り、真珠の/// を (Masanori 2021: 87 (52)) |
| a5 | Das Diadem setzte sie [scil. Yaśodharā] sich aufs Haupt (Schmidt 1974: 80, 354) |
| a6 | /// 後宮の女性たちをともなってラーフラを見に行くという口実で、カピラヴァストゥ (Masanori 2021: 87 (52)) |
| a7 | /// ヤショーダラーは］アンジャリを両手に作り、車輪という特長によって飾られた聖なる柔らかい［両足を］ (Masanori 2021: 87 (52)) |
| a8 | /// 諸々の付属［の飲食］物を/// 。［彼女は、］僧団ともども仏陀・先生に行ないを為した (3.sg.)/// (Masanori 2021: 87 (52)-86 (53)) |
| a9 | /// これを聞いたのちに、諸々の激情すべてを［ヤショーダラーは］取り除いた (3.sg.)。預流の位を得た (3.sg.)。 (Masanori 2021: 86 (53)) |
| a10 | /// 仏陀・先生は］言った。［かつて］一度だけ彼女（ヤショーダラー）が私を諸々の甘味によって魅了する ことができた。 (Masanori 2021: 86 (53)) |
| a10 | Nur einmal gelang es ihr [scil. Yaśodharā], mich mit süßen Genüssen zu betören. (Schmidt 1974: 40) |
| b1 | /// 仏陀は］ニャグローダーラーマ僧院 へ向かって行き始めた (3.sg.) 。ヤショーダラー王妃の (Masanori 2021: 85 (54)) |
| b2 | /// 彼女の心の中に生じた (3.sg.) 。［彼女は］バルコニーからまさに自ら飛び降りた（←まさに自らを飛び落とした (3.sg.)）。まさにこの生において (Masanori 2021: 85 (54)) |
| b2 | ... hüpfte in ihrem Herzen, [und] sie stürzte sich vom Söller herab. (Schmidt 1974: 279, 311, 316, fn. 4) |
| b3 | /// 比丘たちが仏陀・］先生に告げた (3.pl.)：「避難所［と］防護［である者］よ、ヤショーダラー王妃は十力を有する者（仏陀）に対する好意のゆえに (Masanori 2021: 84 (55)) |
| b4 | /// 私のために［ヤショーダラーは生命を］捨てた (3.sg.)。以前の時にも私への執着ゆえに生命を捨てた。そのことを君たちは聞きなさい。 (Masanori 2021: 84 (55)) |
| b4 | Schon in früherer Zeit hat sie aus Neigung zu mir [ihr] Leben hingegeben. (Schmidt 1974: 418) |
| b5 | /// キンナラは、ぐっすり眠っていた。ヤシャスヴィニ［という名の］ キンナラ女は 、火に向かって目覚めて座っていた (Masanori 2021: 84 (55)) |
| b6 | /// ［王は］全力で弓を一杯に張って［矢を］放った (3.sg.)。善良なキンナラを心臓 (Masanori 2021: 84 (55)) |
| b6 | Mit ganzer Kraft spannte er voll den Bogen [und] schoss. (Schmidt 1974: 354) |
| b7 | /// 度（？）、近くに聖なる思考を［それらは］残している／留めている 。君はまさしくその間 私を解放しなさい 、/// 間 (Masanori 2021: 84 (55)) |
| b8 | /// そして、まさにその時（それをする時）私は彼女を見よう 。まさしく何らかの諸々の手振り・身振り（→振る舞い）を/// (Masanori 2021: 84 (55)-83 (56)) |
| b9 | /// 迅速に行った (3.sg.)/// (Masanori 2021: 83 (56)) |
Commentary
Remarks
| Cf. also m-tht1575a - THT 1576.h. Lines a1 and b10 are missing. | |
| The restorations are based on Sieg and Siegling 1953: 46-47 unless otherwise indicated. |
Philological commentary
| n1 | Sieg and Siegling 1953: 46-47 transcribe [lo]pātebut suggest reading [lau]pāteinstead in a footnote. Similarly, Malzahn 2010: 858 transcribes [l](au)pāte. Peyrot 2008: 53 reads the form with a monophthong, which is in line with his classification of the fragment as linguistically late. |
|---|---|
| n2 | This is usually read as being said by the Buddha, with ṣe kabeing translated as "(only) once". I understand this line as being said by Yaśodharā - indeed, in the Buddha legend, it is usually Yaśodharā who is obsessed with Siddhārtha, not the other way around. This also fits with Yaśodharā throwing herself off a tower from grief of not being able to be with Siddhārtha. |
Alternative linguistic/paleographic classifications
| Peyrot 2008 | L |
| Tamai 2011 | C3 |
| Tamai 2011 | C14 |
References
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1953: 46-47; Masanori 2021
Translations
Carling 2000: a5 (194), b1 (53, 156), b2 b3 (243), b4 (290); Couvreur 1953: a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a10 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 (287-288); Hackstein 1995: a5 (56), b6 (78); Krause 1952: b2 (179); Schmidt 1974: a5 (80, 354), a10 (34 n.6), a10 (40), b1 (370 n.2), b2 (279, 311, 316 n.4), b2 (279, 311, 316, fn. 4), b4 (418), b6 (354); Masanori 2021: a2 (87 (52)), a3 (87 (52)), a4 (87 (52)), a5 (87 (52)), a6 (87 (52)), a7 (87 (52)), a8 (87 (52)-86 (53)), a9 (86 (53)), a10 (86 (53)), b1 (85 (54)), b2 (85 (54)), b3 (84 (55)), b4 (84 (55)), b5 (84 (55)), b6 (84 (55)), b7 (84 (55)), b8 (84 (55)-83 (56)), b9 (83 (56)); Sieg and Siegling 1983: a10 (262), b2 (262); Thomas 1954: a4 (760), a10 (723), b1 (718); Thomas 1954a: b4 (79); Thomas 1957: a10 (180), b4 (180); Thomas 1969b: a9 (56); Thomas 1983: a5 (33); Thomas 1990: a7 (39)
Bibliography
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktion der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Couvreur, Walter. 1953. “Het leven van de Boeddha volgens de Tochaarse bronnen.” In Handelingen van het Twintigste Vlaams Filologencongres, 275–91.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Krause, Wolfgang. 1952. Westtocharische Grammatik, Band I. Das Verbum. Heidelberg: Winter.
Malzahn, Melanie. 2010. The Tocharian verbal system. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Masanori, Shōno. 2021. “トカラ語 B 断簡の伝える Yaśodharā.” The memoirs of Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia 179: 90(49)–64(75). https://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/records/2003228.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2008. Variation and change in Tocharian B. Vol. 15. Leiden Studies in Indo-European. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi.
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Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1953. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B, Heft 2. Fragmente Nr. 71-633. Edited by Werner Thomas. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
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Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
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Thomas, Werner. 1983. Der tocharische Obliquus im Sinne eines Akkusativs der Richtung. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 6. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
Thomas, Werner. 1990. Tocharische Maitreya-Parallelen aus Hami. Vol. 1. SbWGF, XXVII. Stuttgart: Steiner.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
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