Images from idp.bbaw.de by courtesy of the International Dunhuang Project Berlin, the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Orientabteilung.
CEToM | THT 1104
| Known as: | THT 1104; KVāc 11 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Hannes A. Fellner; Theresa Illés (collaborator). "THT 1104". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht1104&outputformat=print (accessed 07 Dec. 2024). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Hannes A. Fellner; Theresa Illés (collaborator) |
| Date of online publication: | 2015-02 |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Unknown |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Karmavācanā |
| Passage: | Upasaṃpadā (pravrajyā; daśaśikṣāpadāni) |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Vinaya |
| Verse/Prose: | prose |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | THT 1102-1125 |
| Preceding fragment: | THT 1103 |
| Following fragment: | THT 1105 |
| Material: | ink on wood tablet |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Size (h × w): | 5.6 × 29 cm |
| Number of lines: | 5 |
Images from idp.bbaw.de by courtesy of the International Dunhuang Project Berlin, the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Orientabteilung.
(continues from THT 1103)
| a1 | /// /// ṣa ñe¯ ¯m /// /// ·ñ· – – – – – – – ¯t ta ne ta¯ ¯ñ• ś· [l]· [s]· /// |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// s̝a lle ma kte kca ma ntra kā y· kn· – – – mā kā tka¯ ¯t• krui wa rpa ta¯ ¯r• – ñce wä /// |
| a3 | /// ·[ñ]· m·[ṃ] na rka ṣä lyñe ṣa nmī re tse śi kṣa pā¯ ¯t• o mta¯ ¯ñ śau ltsa wa rñai pa [k]·ā mo mā tsi pa [l]· /// |
| a4 | /// p·ṃ śa rka plo ri yaṃ ye tweṃ lkā tsi ya le ma kte kca ma ntra kā yä kne ce [i] – ·ā /// |
| a5 | /// [y]e – – [t](·)a ṣaṃ¯ ¯ñ e ṅka ly·e ·eṃ – rka ṣa lyñe ṣa nmī re tse ś[i] /// |
| b1 | /// lo na m[ä] kte [k]c· – – kā y[ä] kne ce i ke mā k· /// |
| b2 | /// k· ṣ· lyñe ṣa nmī re tse śi kṣa pā¯ ¯t o mpt·¯ ¯ñ• śau ltsa wa rñai pa [k]·· /// |
| b3 | /// ¯t• kwri wa rpa ta¯ ¯r• po ñce wä rpa na ma¯ ¯r• 10 || se ta kā sta ṣa nmī re (–) c· keṃ ts[e] e [n]· /// |
| b4 | /// [p]p·[¯] [¯t•] a mā skai kre ntau na nts·ā t· ly·e || [yp]a rwe pai yne wī nā ṣä le [p]ai ·n· we wi na ṣo· ·e· |
| b5 | /// ·ts· e ṅ·· – – – – [t]e [p]o [y]·i /// /// w· saṃ tpā tya ma l·e ·i [o] ·o l·e t·e /// |
(continues on THT 1105)
(continues from THT 1103)
(continues on THT 1105)
(continues from THT 1103)
| a1 | on your name (i.e. yourself) ([or] make-up, [this is a] commandment for a novice.) Therefore (your whole) life you shall (not put on garlands, (odours of) flowers, or make-up.) |
|---|---|
| a2 | Whatever [the circumstances], do not go beyond such (point [= become guilty of such an offence])! If you accept this, (say: I) accept. |
| a3 | (8.) Refraining from doing (dancing, singing [and] music), [this is a] commandment for a novice. Therefore your whole life you shall neither dance, (sing or make music) deliberately, |
| a4 | [nor] shall you go to see (dances), singing (?), music (?) [and] shows [lit. ornaments] (?). Whatever [the circumstances], (do not go) beyond such a (point! If) |
| a5 | (you accept this, say: I accept. 9.) Refraining from taking for yourself (valuables (?)), [this is a] command(ment) for a novice. (Therefore your whole life ... |
| b1 | ... you shall not take). Whatever [the circumstances], (do not go beyond) such a point! (If you accept this, say: |
| b2 | (I accept. 10. Refr)aining (from eating at the wrong time), [this is a] commandment for a novice. Therefore your whole life you (shall not) deliberately (eat at the wrong time. Whatever [the circumstances]) |
| b3 | (do not go beyond such a point!). If you accept this, say: I accept. You [now] became a novice. (Be successful in the) teaching[s] of the [Śākya-]lion |
| b4 | ([and] do not neglect) the difficult [to achieve] power of the virtues. || At first one shall venerate the feet [= bow down] [in front of the (the statue of) the Buddha]. After having venerated his feet [= bowed down] (you shall get up,) |
| b5 | (step forward (?) [and]) take (the kāṣāya) clothing. For (at the behest of) the Omniscient, (the Buddha), the being to be ordained shall (seize the kāṣāya clothing.) |
(continues on THT 1105)
| b3 | If you accept [this precept], say, «I accept it» 10. (Peyrot 2013b: 308 fn. 273, 700) |
|---|
| for Sanskrit see Härtel 1956: 53-55, for Sanskrit and Chinese Chung 2004: 46-47 and for Tumšuqese Bailey 1950: 649-670; Emmerick 1985 |
| The identification, ordering and extensive supplementation of the fragments of leaves 9-11 (THT 1102 – THT 1104) is facilitated largely by parallel texts from Sanskrit Buddhist literature. Thus THT 1102 a1-2 is relatively closely matched by the Sanskrit text as restored from fragments of Turfan mss. by Härtel 1956: 51, and THT 1102 a2 – THT 1103 b3 may be compared with a Sanskrit text, also restored from Turfan fragments by Härtel 1956: 54-55. The former of the two is a section of text that can be found repeatedly in the Buddhist Sanskrit-tradition, such as CPS 16.16, 17.13, 22.15, 27f.22, NidSa 20.17, ŚPrSū 111, BimbSū 143. The Sanskrit text mentioned by Härtel 1956: 53 deviates slightly from these as does the Chinese parallel having five commandments [pañcaśikṣāpadāni]; see Chung 2004: 46-47. Beyond this a further parallel can be found, which surprisingly enough and except for a few minor deviations is remarkably close to the Tocharian text, and which therefore contributes greatly to supplementing our text here. It is a Tumšuqese Karmavācanā text (cf. Bailey 1950: 649-670; Emmerick 1985 for further reading) which from line 12-62 conforms almost verbatim to THT 1102 a1 – THT 1103 a3. Further important supplementations are owed to the TB fragments IOL Toch 92 and PK NS 175. Certain deviations are caused by the fact that in the various versions occasionally different groups of persons are addressed. Thus the Sanskrit parts, the Tumšuqese text and IOL Toch 92 contain formulas directed at lay followers (male, not female, as wrongly identified by Emmerick 1985: 9ff), while our text here contains directives for novices. The small fragment PK NS 175 does not allow for any closer designation in this respect. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The text of the first five commandments of the Tocharian version could be largely completed with the help of the Skt. text supplied in Härtel 1956: 54f, as well as – at least for commandments 1-3 – that of the Tumšuqese KaVā text. As for commandments 6-10, the Indic parallel versions (such as the Bhikṣukarmavākya, which belongs to the Mūlasarvāstivādin school) offer no more than mere lists of offences. For the Chinese Sarvāstivādin version cf. Chung 2004 and Ogihara 2009: 14, 570ff. When one compares the Tocharian version with the Sanskrit text from the Bhikṣukarmavākya (p. 21) and the Pāli text from the Mahāvagga (I.56) the following picture emerges:
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| While commandments 1-4 – the supplementations of the Toch. text may be considered certain – do agree quite well in the various versions, commandments 5, 7, 8 (the Toch. text may be supplemented with certainty) and 9 display a number of differences in content, which render a persistent equation of the Tocharian sections with their respective counterparts in the Skt. and Pāli versions impossible. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The supplementations and commentaries follow Schmidt 1986: 9, 34-5, 126-128. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n2 | There is a gap of about 7-8 akṣaras at the beginning of this line. At the end of the inserted fragment there is one of about 8, and about 15 akṣaras are missing to the end of this line. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n3 | ṣañem (for ṣañ ñem) from THT 1125.d is supplemented here according to (Schmidt 1986: 9, 34-35). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n5 | About 11 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line, and around 6 to the end of it. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n7 | About 9 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and about 7 to the end of it. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n8 | ṣanmīretse for ṣanmīrentse. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n10 | About 11 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and about 6 to the end of it. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n12 | About 13 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and about 8 to the end of it. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n13 | ṣanmīretse for ṣanmīrentse. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n14 | About 16 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and about 7 to the end of it. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n15 | About 9 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and about 8 to the end of it. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n16 | ṣanmīretse for ṣanmīrentse. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n18 | About 8 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and about 3 to the end of it. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n19 | (ṣe)c(a)keṃts[e]: the fact that the Tocharian text lacks the equivalent of Skt. śākya-, i.e. śakkeññepi would seem to be a mere slip on the part of the scribe. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n22 | About 9 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and about 3 to the end of it. /// pp·s is another possible reading. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n23 | About 5 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line, and there is a gap of about 6 akṣaras after poyśi. w(a)saṃtpāt: the reading w(a)saṃnpāt as in Tamai 2007a: №1104 or w(a)saṃpāt as in Tamai 2014: 369 is unlikely. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n24 | (was)ts(i) eṅ(kaṣäle) from THT 1125.d is supplemented here according to (Schmidt 1986: 9-10, 34-5). onolmetse for onolmentse. |
| According to Schmidt 1986: iv-v the ms. comes either from Qizil or from Tumšuq. | |
| Of this leaf 3 fragments are left: a small fragment top left from the string hole, about 1 cm wide and containing remnants of a single line (THT 1125.d (cf. Schmidt 1986: 9, 34-5), inserted at the beginning of lines a 1 and b 5 below); a large fragment to the right of the string hole, about 13 cm wide and consisting of 3 pieces. Connecting to the latter on the top right with only a few milimetres between them is a small fragment, about 3.5 cm wide, consisting of 2 pieces and containing remnants of 3 lines. The leaf number is not preserved. | |
| The original ms. was 29 cm wide and 5.6 cm high, with the string hole 6.5 cm from the left margin. It was written by at least three hands: scribe 1, a beautiful, delicate script, from leaf 1 to 11 a1; scribe 2, distinguished by a number of orthographical idiosyncrasies/errors, from leaf 11 a1 to and including 19; scribe 3 from leaf 20 to end. The final leaves A and B THT 1123 and THT 1124 may have been written either by scribe 2 or a fourth hand. Cf. Schmidt 1986: v, 2-3. | |
| The first fragment is in hand 1, the rest is in hand 2. |
| n1 | On ṣañem (= ṣañ ñem) for ṣañ āñm cf. Schmidt 1974: 311. |
|---|---|
| n4 | warpatär for warpatar. |
| n6 | narkäṣälyñe sic! |
| n9 | tsaipeṃ śarka ploriyaṃ yetweṃ lkātsi yale based on the Sanskrit parallel (see above) the following correspondence could be established : Skt. nṛtya- "dance", : Skt. gīta- "singing, song, poem", : Skt. vādita- "instrumental music". According to TEB II: q.v. ploriyo* is an instrument, according to Pinault 1994a: 188ff. specifically a wind instrument (possibly a flute). The concrete meaning "instrument" seemingly found in other passages and the more abstract meaning "instrumental music" in the given context can easily be reconciled if Tocharian ploriyo* and BHS vādita- had the same range of meaning as Classical Skt. vāditra-, namely, "musical instrument; instrumental music" (Monier-Williams 1899: 902-c). Similarly, it seems that śarka not only means "lute" (Pinault 1990: 174ff.), but in the present context also more generally refers to "song". The other possibility is that śarka and ploriyo together refer to - lute and flute - music as partes pro toto; cf. PK AS 17A b1, and PK NS 399 a3 where we also have a collocation of śarka and ploriyo. Schmidt 1986: 124 and 127 interprets "ornament, decoration" as equivalent of Pāli visūka- "show" (see above). In this case the meaning of yetwe (which also corresponds to Skt. anuvyañjana- "minor mark, characteristic") could be more generally understood as "characterisation", in the context of the commandment thus with the reading of "act of characterisation", i.e. "show, performance". |
| n11 | (na)rkaṣalyñe sic! |
| n17 | enäṣälyñene for enäṣṣälñene. |
| n20 | wewinaṣormeṃ for wewinaṣṣormeṃ. |
| n21 | paiyne wināsk- lit. “to revere the feet”, just like Skt. pādau śirasā vand- and Pāli pāde sirasā vand-, means “to bow down at someone’s feet”. Cf. also THT 1112 a5, where paiyne wināṣṣälle corresponds to the Skt. pādā śirasā vanditavyāḥ of the Bhikṣuṇī-Vinaya (Mā-L), § 38. |
IDP: THT 1104; TITUS: THT 1104
Tamai 2014: 367-369; Tamai 2007a: №1104; Schmidt 1986: 9, 34-35, 43-44
Peyrot 2013b: a2 (308, 700), a4 (308), a4 a5 (700), b1 (308), b1 b2 (700), b3 (308, 700), b3 (308 fn. 273, 700); Schmidt 1986: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 (71-73); Tamai 2014: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 (367-369)
Bailey, Harold W. 1950. “The Tumshuq Karmavācanā.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 13 (3): 649–70.
Chung, Jin-il. 2004. Das Upasaṃpadāvastu, Vorschriften für die buddhistische Mönchsordination im Vinaya der Sarvāstivāda-Tradition, Sanskrit-Version und chinesische Version. Sanskrit-Wörterbuch der buddhistischen Texte aus den Turfan-Funden, Beiheft 11. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Emmerick, Ronald E. 1985. “The Tumshuqese Karmavācanā text.” Akademie d. Wissenschaften u.d. Literaturen, Abhandlungen d. Geistes- u. Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse Wiesbaden 2: 1–34.
Härtel, Herbert. 1956. Karmavācanā. Formulare für den Gebrauch im buddhistischen Gemeindeleben aus ostturkestanischen Sanskrit-Handschriften. Sanskrittexte aus den Turfanfunden, III. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Monier-Williams, Monier. 1899. A Sanskrit-English dictionary. Etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages. new edition, greatly enlarged and improved, London: Clarendon Press (several reprints).
Ogihara, Hirotoshi. 2009. “Researches about Vinaya-texts in Tocharian A and B [Recherches sur le Vinaya en tokharien A et B].” PhD, Paris: École Pratique des Hautes Études.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Pinault, Georges-Jean. 1990. “Notes sur les manuscrits de Maitreyasamiti.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 4: 119–202.
Pinault, Georges-Jean. 1994a. “Une nouvelle inscription koutchéenne de Qumtura: Légende de scènes bouddhiques de Praṇidhi.” Bulletin d’Études Indiennes 11-12, 1993-1994: 71–220.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1986. “Fragmente eines buddhistischen Ordinationsrituals in westtocharischer Sprache. Aus der Schule der Sarvāstivādins. Text, Übersetzung, Anmerkungen und Indizes.” Habilitation.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2007a. “A preliminary edition of unpublished texts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” Thesaurus indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan collection. 2007. http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/tht.htm.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2014. “The Tocharian Karmavācanā.” Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology (ARIRIAB) at Soka University for the Academic Year 2013 17: 365–94.
Thomas, Werner, and Wolfgang Krause. 1964. Tocharisches Elementarbuch, Band II. Texte und Glossar. Heidelberg: Winter.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht1104&outputformat=print
Output automatically generated on Sat, 2024-12-07, 06:12:06 (CET).
Page last edited on Mon, 2024-10-07, 16:36:03 (CEST), by Automatic conversion. Version 41.
Page created on Tue, 2012-06-19, 22:09:04 (CEST), by Automatic conversion.
Medieninhaber: Universität Wien, Institut für Sprachwissenschaft | Inhalt: Melanie Malzahn | Programmierung: Martin Braun | Datenkonvertierung: Bernhard Koller | Design: Patricia Katharina Hoda
Datenschutzerklärung || Erklärung zur Barrierefreiheit || Copyright: Die Gesamtsite, alle enthaltenen Informationen, Grafiken, Seiten, eingetragene Markenzeichen und Ähnliches unterliegen dem Urheberrecht des jeweiligen Inhabers. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.