THT 1105
| Known as: | THT 1105; KVāc 12 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Hannes A. Fellner; Theresa Illés (collaborator). "THT 1105". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht1105 (accessed 19 Jun. 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Hannes A. Fellner; Theresa Illés (collaborator) |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Unknown |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Karmavācanā |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Vinaya |
| Verse/Prose: | prose |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | THT 1102-1125 |
| Preceding fragment: | THT 1104 |
| Following fragment: | THT 1106 |
| Material: | ink on wood tablet |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Size (h × w): | 5.6 × 29 cm |
| Number of lines: | 5 |
Images
Images from idp.bbaw.de by courtesy of the International Dunhuang Project Berlin, the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Orientabteilung.
Transliteration
(continues from THT 1104)
| a1 | /// [t]w· – – – – – – si yä skeṃ tra to no wä sa [n]ma kle śa nma e rṣe ñc /// |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// sp[o] rto ma ne sū (·)[w]· – – – – lī pa ñi kcyī ye śā mñe ce twe mā – [s]ā tai i ś[ā] /// |
| a3 | /// ka pä rsa ntaṃ ṣa na wä sa nma wa sā tai laṃ tu ñeṃ ye twe tsa ṣa ñña ñma yā ta tai e nte i ña· [t] – /// |
| a4 | /// ya na śp· lmeṃ wä sa nma wä sā tai to noṃ wä sa nma au so rmeṃ tu ypa rwe ke te kca eṃ ka¯ ¯l• ··o ·ai [i] s· /// |
| a5 | /// so mo na wä sa nma wä sā tai o no lme¯ ¯t·• pro [s]·ai [ka] la [ṣ]e ñca na mä k·e we ta wa t· /// |
| b1 | /// nt· a ṅkaiṃ pi lko nta n· [t]· [t]r· ṅku ṣai yta ña tke m[e]· n· ṣp· ltsa ke ktse ñka ri ṣya ma ṣa tai /// |
| b2 | /// ·[p]·¯ ¯l pe ru wa rtse wa sā tai : tai sa e nte nrai nta ne te te mu ṣai yta pä lko¯ ¯ṣ e ñcu wa ñeṃ pa [t]r· [ka]· [t]· tw· ṅ[k]· /// |
| b3 | /// – ·e mu ṣai yta • ma kā yä kne au sa a ṣi taṃ pā rpi tsa mo nta wa sā tai tu ypa rwe o no lme¯ ¯[t]·• /// |
| b4 | /// nma au so rmeṃ snai y·a· ·e – ṃ ·ā [r]·e [ai] rpi tto na la kle nta wä rpā tai : – ·e ka ṣā¯ ¯r• wa [s]·[i] /// |
| b5 | /// [w]· s·i [w]· – – – – – – sta ñe snai me ntsi ñe ma ske [t]· [ma] kte ka ttā ki śā m[n]a ·e /// |
(continues on THT 1106)
Transcription
(continues from THT 1104)
(continues on THT 1106)
Translation
(continues from THT 1104)
| a1 | (Why so? Because, since the time of the) Buddha (Vipa)śyin (all beings that go from the house) put on the (kāṣāya) garb. Silk clothes [are?] calling forth the kleśas, ... |
|---|---|
| a2 | ... (resembling(?) the sand(?) in the river) Gaṅgā [i.e. an unimaginably huge number] ... (no garb) being (in the saṃsāra without beginning) has been left, [neither] divine [nor] human, that you have not worn. Among the humans ... |
| a3 | ... you donned just (these) splendid clothes [and] decorated yourself with royal ornaments. When you (were reborn) among the gods |
| a4 | you donned excellent (silken(?) div)ine clothes. Having donned silken clothes, in someone (you have) thus (raised) passion, hate [and] discord ... |
| a5 | (Among the asuras) you donned only clothes bringing [i.e. which brought] fear to the beings. Like (a warrior) fighting a battle |
| b1 | ... (thus, [reborn] among the pretas), when you were attached to wrong views [i.e. heresy = mithyādṛṣṭi], you befouled your body very much with the dust(?) of excrements(?) [and] ... |
| b2 | ... [you] were naked (?), donning the dust(?) (of excrements(?)). Just so, when you were [re]born in the hells, (you were) squeezed [between] sheets of red-hot iron. |
| b3 | (When) you were [re]born (among animals) [as] garb you donned, in many ways, fur(?), plumage(?) [and] scales(?) [and] therefore (you were hunted(?)) by the (creatures) |
| b4 | (on the four) continents. Having donned (such) clothes you suffered intolerable sufferings in the beginning-less saṃsāra. (When (?) you now have donned) the (kāṣāya) garb, (then(?)) at last (you) become free from sorrow. Like the householders (among(?) the) humans ... |
(continues on THT 1106)
Commentary
Philological commentary
| The supplementations and commentaries follow Schmidt 1986: 10, 128-130. | |
| n3 | About 16 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and about 2 to the end of it. A reading tw· seems to be more in accordance with the still recognisable remains than a reading kw·. |
| n4 | The gap at the beginning may have contained (vipa)śyi pañ[i]kt(e) from THT 1125.f b4 according to Schmidt 1986: 10-11, 34). |
| n6 | About 13 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and 2 akṣaras are missing to the end of this line. |
| n7 | The gap at the beginning of this line may have contained rmeṃ gāṅ·e from THT 1125.f b5 according to Schmidt 1986: 10-11, 34). |
| n10 | About 10 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and about 3 to the end of it. |
| n11 | Supplementation to tonak is possible. |
| n14 | About 8 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and about 1-2 to the end of it. |
| n16 | About 8-9 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and about 7 to the end of it. |
| n19 | About 8-9 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and about 7 to the end of it. |
| n20 | me·n·ṣp·ltsa: separation into individual words uncertain. |
| n25 | About 7-8 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and about 2 to the end of it. |
| n28 | About 7 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and about 2 to the end of it. |
| n29 | pitsamonta: separation into individual words uncertain. |
| n30 | The gap between these lines may have contained (śtwā)r(a) dv(i)p(anma) from THT 1125.f a1 according to Schmidt 1986: 10-11, 34). |
| n32 | About 11-12 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and about 3 to the end of it. The word initial ai of airpittona is not written with the vowel sign for ai, as is usually the case, but as a plus a superscript diacritic for ai. |
| n33 | – ·e kaṣār: the still recognizable remains would argue against supplementing to (ent)e; (tan)e is a much more likely alternative. |
| n34 | The gap between these lines may have contained kaṣār-wa(sts)i from THT 1125.f a2 according to Schmidt 1986: 10-11, 34). |
| n35 | About 15 akṣaras are missing at the beginning of this line and about 2 to the end of it. Instead of w-, the beginning of the second word in this line could also be read as au-. |
Remarks
| According to Schmidt 1986: iv-v the ms. comes either from Qizil or from Tumšuq. | |
| Probably also accommodates fragment THT 1125.f, cf. Schmidt 1986: 10-11, 34 (on p. 34 read “gehört vielleicht zu Blatt (12)” instead of “(13)”). | |
| Large fragment from the centre of the leaf, to the right of the string hole, consisting of 5 pieces and about 20 cm wide. Damages similar to THT 1104. The leaf number is not preserved. | |
| The original ms. was 29 cm wide and 5.6 cm high, with the string hole 6.5 cm from the left margin. It was written by at least three hands: scribe 1, a beautiful, delicate script, from leaf 1 to 11 a1; scribe 2, distinguished by a number of orthographical idiosyncrasies/errors, from leaf 11 a1 to and including 19; scribe 3 from leaf 20 to end. The final leaves A and B THT 1123 and THT 1124 may have been written either by scribe 2 or a fourth hand. Cf. Schmidt 1986: v, 2-3. | |
| This leaf is in hand 2. |
Linguistic commentary
| n1 | yäskeṃträ is the 3rdPl.Prs.Mid. of wäs- 'to put on, to don something', the present stem of which is attested also as the Imp. yäṣṣitär. |
|---|---|
| n2 | tono-wäsanma (tonoṃ-wäsanma in line a4): tono 'silk' is a loan word from Iranian, cf. Khotanese thauna- 'cloth, silk'. Uy. ton “dress” is also derived from thauna- (von Gabain 1974: 372). |
| n5 | ñikcyīye for ñäkciye. |
| n8 | pärsantaṃṣe 'splendid, brilliant, bright'. |
| n9 | ṣaññ añmä yātatai you decorated yourself, from the root yät- ‘decorate’. |
| n12 | wasātai sic! for wäsātai. |
| n13 | eṃkäl for eṅkäl. |
| n15 | weta wata: perhaps to be supplemented to wata(lyñe), Abstr. II, probably from wät- ‘fight’. |
| n17 | m[e]·n·[ṣ]p·ltsa is unclear. If [ṣ]p(e)ltsa can be isolated – cf. line b2, where one might perhaps supplement to (ṣ)[p](e)l – ṣpel could be suggested to mean something along the lines of ‘powder, dust’ rather than ‘(little) ball, bead(let), globule’ as in TEB II: q.v. |
| n18 | kariṣ is most likely a loan from Skt. karīṣa ‘dirt, excrement’. |
| n21 | peruwartse is only attested here and perhaps means ‘naked(?)’. |
| n22 | pälkoṣ-eñcuwañeṃ ‘[ones] consisting of glowing iron’. |
| n23 | The likely supplementation to pa[t]r·[kä](n)[t](a) implies that this is the plural of an alternans noun with masculine agreement, which is unexpected. However, while attestations of this kind do mostly appear in poetic texts, they are also to be identified with certainty in prose texts, albeit not frequently (on this cf. Schmidt 1972: 88ff.). In case pa[t]r·[k] is borrowed from Skt. pattraka, it may have meant something like ‘[metal] sheet, thin board’, which would fit the current context nicely. A connection to pa[t]rī /// in IOL Toch 75 b7 (reading suggested by Thomas 1971: 32) does seem, however, impossible since pa[t]r·[kä](n)[t](a) is a noun, while pa[t]rī ///, judging from the Skt. model, must be adjectival. |
| n24 | tw·ṅ[k](ä) /// belongs with the root twāṅk- ‘squeezed in’ (Schmidt 1986: 75 and fn. 1, 129) or ‘wear, don’ (cf. Malzahn 2010: 675). Supplementation uncertain. |
| n26 | ausa is the Obl.Sg. of the PPt. of the root wäs- ‘to wear, don’, meaning approximately ‘clothing, garb’. A Loc. of this verbal noun might be present in PK AS 4A a 2, where Thomas 1966a has considered supplementing to (au)sane. |
| n27 | aṣitaṃ pār pitsamonta (probably to be separated thus, but pārpi tsamonta is another possibility) must refer to the three main types of animals’ hides: fur, plumage and scales. aṣitaṃ ‘fur(?)’, only attested here, so far has remained without any connection, within Tocharian or elsewhere. It is tempting to regard pār ‘plumage(?)’, equally a hapax legomenon, as a singular (used as collective noun) of parwa 'feathers', but the attested plural forms (W 32 b3 paruwa, THT 89 a 4 [p]arwa, THT 282 b1 sn(ai) parwā and Loc. parwāne in THT 282 a5) seem to warrant a singular form *par (thus TEB I: § 111.1) rather than pār. pitsamonta ‘scales(?)’ might be identical with pit-tsamonta preserved in W 42 a3, where, however, the context is unfortunately largely destroyed, and which Sieg and Thomas 1954: 78 explains as pit-tsamonta ‘gallstones’ (connected to tsamo ‘excrescence, tumour’). |
| n31 | [ai]rpittona läklenta wärpātai, lit. ‘you received unenjoyable sufferings’: the privative airpitte (usually written airpätte) does not belong with the root yärp- ‘observe, take care’ (pace Krause 1952: 42, § 33, who translate as ‘unheeded’), but rather with the root wärp- ‘enjoy; receive, feel’ and thus means ‘unenjoyable, intolerable’. |
References
Online access
IDP: THT 1105; TITUS: THT 1105
Edition
Tamai 2014: 369-370; Tamai 2007a: №1105; Schmidt 1986: 10-11, 45
Translations
Schmidt 1986: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 (73-75); Tamai 2014: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 (369-370)
Bibliography
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Krause, Wolfgang. 1952. Westtocharische Grammatik, Band I. Das Verbum. Heidelberg: Winter.
Malzahn, Melanie. 2010. The Tocharian verbal system. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schmidt, Claus-Peter. 1972. “Maskuline Genuskongruenz beim Plural der Substantiva alternantia im Tocharischen.” PhD, Frankfurt a. Main: Wolfgang Goethe-Universität.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1986. “Fragmente eines buddhistischen Ordinationsrituals in westtocharischer Sprache. Aus der Schule der Sarvāstivādins. Text, Übersetzung, Anmerkungen und Indizes.” Habilitation.
Sieg, Emil, and Werner Thomas. 1954. “Die medizinischen und tantrischen Texte der Pariser Sammlung in Tocharisch B.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 72: 63–83.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2007a. “A preliminary edition of unpublished texts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” Thesaurus indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan collection. 2007. http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/tht.htm.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2014. “The Tocharian Karmavācanā.” Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology (ARIRIAB) at Soka University for the Academic Year 2013 17: 365–94.
Krause, Wolfgang, and Werner Thomas. 1960. Tocharisches Elementarbuch. Band I. Grammatik. Heidelberg: Winter.
Thomas, Werner, and Wolfgang Krause. 1964. Tocharisches Elementarbuch, Band II. Texte und Glossar. Heidelberg: Winter.
Thomas, Werner. 1966a. “Tocharische Udānastotras der Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 80: 163–81.
Thomas, Werner. 1971. Bilinguale Udānavarga-Texte der Sammlung Hoernle. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 7. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
von Gabain, Annemarie. 1974. Alttürkische Grammatik. 3rd ed. Porta Linguarum Orientalium 15. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz.
