IOL Toch 2
| Known as: | IOL Toch 2; H 149.15; H 149.X.15; A.15 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Michaël Peyrot. "IOL Toch 2". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-ioltoch2 (accessed 27 Jul. 2024). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Michaël Peyrot |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Unknown |
| Collection: | British Library (London) |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Kāvya |
| Verse/Prose: | verse |
Object | |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Size (h × w): | 5.2 × 16.6 cm |
| Number of lines: | 4 |
Images
Images from idp.bl.uk by courtesy of the International Dunhuang Project and the British Library.
Transliteration
| a1 | /// ·ñ· ne pe lai kne klyau ṣa lñe ne sā ṅka mpa s̝pa śa mtsi : toṃ po pka nte |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// po yśi ññai e kṣa lympa ka mtsa tai twe no¯ ¯s̝p : ka rtse śca a śe ñca¯ ¯ñ |
| a3 | /// pi lko sta rca ñyā ss̝pa ka rtse śco : tu kmā ka mā nai ttau wa¯ ¯k te yä /// |
| a4 | /// tsi 2 e nte krui śpā lme toṃ ta rya no mye nta mpa mā ke – /// |
| b1 | /// ne spā rta tsi tā kaṃ : su krui ra tri śaṃ o¯ ¯t mā cwi [n]· /// |
| b2 | /// ṣtra : yo lo ya ma s̝a nno a ñma tse śle lye ṅka¯ ¯ts ka ts· [p]·¯ ¯s[t] /// |
| b3 | /// mta kā re ne klā yä kwri au swa nno tsa 4 e mpa kwa ccai mā pkwa [l]y· |
| b4 | /// – ske : la ṅk[c]e sla ka reṃ ceṃ pa lsko ā yā tai cce ka rtse¯ ¯ś pa¯ – |
Transcription
| 1b | a1n1 3σ /// (-l)ñ(e)ne ; pelaikne klyau;ṣalñene ; sāṅkämpa ṣpä śamtsi : |
|---|---|
| 1c | toṃ po pkäntea2(nma) ; 12σ |
| 1d | 6σ /// poyśiññai ; ekṣalympa ; kamtsatai twe no ṣp : |
| 2a | kartseścä aśeñcañ ; a3n2n3 11σ |
| 2b | 8σ /// pilko star-ca ; ñyās ṣpä kartseśco : |
| 2c | tu-k māka mā nai ; ttauwak te-yä(kne,sa) /// 6σ |
| 2d | a4n4n5 16σ /// …tsi 2 |
| 3a | ente krui śpālme ; toṃ tarya nom;yentampa ; mā ke(kamu) /// 1σ |
| 3b | 17σ |
| 3c | b1n6 11σ /// …ne ; spārtatsi tākaṃ : |
| 3d | su krui ra triśäṃ ; ot mā cwi n· /// 9σ |
| 4a | b216σ /// …ṣträ : |
| 4b | yolo yamaṣän no ; añmatse śle =lyeṅkäts ; ka ts(a) p(ä)st /// 2σ |
| 4c | 17σ |
| 4d | b3n7 5σ /// ; (ra)mtä kāre;ne klāyä ; kwri auswa nno tsa 4 |
| 5a | empakwaccai mā ; pkwaly(e) b4n8n9 10σ |
| 5b | 16σ /// – ske : |
| 5c | laṅkce slakareṃ ; ceṃ palsko ā;yātaicce ; kartseś pä – 2σ |
Translation
| a1 | ... to come together with the community in listening to the law and in ... [1b] All these obstacles ... [1c] |
|---|---|
| a2 | ... and you have come together with the right time of an omniscient one. [1d] Those who lead to virtue ... [2a] |
| a3 | ... you have the insight and the desire for virtue. [2b] That much [you] do not ... precisely this ... in this way ... [2c] |
| a4 | ... 2[d] If he has not come together with the three excellent jewels [3a] |
| b1 | ... he will be to be turned in ... [3c] Even if he makes a mistake than his ... is not ... [3d] |
| b2 | ... [4a] He commits evil for himself and for others ... only away. [4b] |
| b3 | ... like a ... if he falls in a pit, ... wearing ... 4[d] One should not trust an untrustworthy [person] ... [5a] |
| b4 | ... [5b] This light and unsteady mind, untamable, ... (is led?) to virtue ... [5c] |
Other
| a2 | Mit der Wirkungszeit eines Allerkenners bist auch du zusammengekommen. (Schmidt 1974: 474) |
|---|
Commentary
Philological commentary
| It seems that the leaf contains strophes in only one metre, which seems to be 4 x 5 ¦ 7 ¦ 5, or sometimes perhaps also 4 x 6 ¦ 6 ¦ 5. This metre, and the alternation between 5 ¦ 7 ¦ 5 and 6 ¦ 6 ¦ 5, is typical of niṣkramānt (Sieg and Siegling 1953: 19; Adams 1999: 339). The rarer subdivision 6 ¦ 6 ¦ 5 may be found in pādas 2a and 4b (if enclitic no rather belongs before the break). Apparently the strophe number 1 is missing after kamtsatai twe no ṣp : in a2. According to the number of akṣaras estimated to be missing on the left, the leaf started with this poem; pāda 1a may have been preceded by an indication of the tune, e.g. || niṣkramāntne ||. However, the 5th strophe must have continued on a second leaf and perhaps the poem was much longer. – pāda missing completely – [1a] (17 syllables missing) [a1] /// (l)ñ(e)ne ¦ pelaikne klyauṣalñene ¦ sāṅkämpa ṣpä śamtsi : [1b] (3 syllables missing) toṃ po pkänte [a2] (nma) ¦ [1c] (13 syllables missing) /// poyśiññai ekṣalympa ¦ kamtsatai twe no ṣp : [1d] (6 syllables missing) kartseścä aśeñcañ ¦ [2a] (11 syllables missing) [a3] /// pilko star-ca ¦ ñyās ṣpä kartseśco : [2b] (8 syllables missing) tuk māka mā nai ¦ ttauwak te-yä(knesa) [2c] (6 syllables missing) [a4] /// -tsi 2 (16 syllables missing) ente krui śpālme ¦ toṃ tarya nomyentampa ¦ mā ke(kamu) [3a] (2 syllables missing) – pāda missing completely – [3b] (17 syllables missing) [b1] /// -ne spārtatsi tākaṃ : [3c] (11 syllables missing) su krui ra triśäṃ ¦ ot mā cwi n· [3d] (8 syllables missing) [b2] /// -ṣträ : [4a] (16 syllables missing) yolo yamaṣän ¦ no añmatse śle =lyeṅkäts ¦ ka ts· p·st [4b] (2 syllables missing) [b3] – pāda missing completely – [4c] (17 syllables missing) /// (ra)mtä kārene klāyä ¦ kwri auswa nno tsa 4 (6 syllables missing) empakwaccai mā ¦ pkwaly(e) – [5a] (9 syllables missing) [b4] /// – ske : [5b] (15 syllables missing) laṅkce slakareṃ ¦ ceṃ palsko āyātaicce ¦ kartseś pä – [5c] | |
| n1 | sāṅkämpa ṣpä śamtsi: Broomhead 1962: 183 restored sāṅkämpa (ṣe) ṣpä śamtsi. Indeed, there is a hole of the size of approximately one akṣara after sāṅkämpa (not with Broomhead 1962: 183 sāṅkämpā!), but on the evidence of āyātaicce b4 no text is missing and the hole must have been there already at the time the manuscript was written. Although 'come together' is often "com. + eṣe + kəm-", it is here clearly just "com. + kəm-"; cf. ekṣalympa kamtsatai a2. |
| n2 | star-ca: for star-cä |
| n3 | nomyentampa: for naumyentampa. |
| n4 | śpālme: for śpālmeṃ. Pace Broomhead 1962: 184, śpālme is not a variant, but simply a mistake. |
| n5 | mā ke(kamu): Broomhead 1962: 183 restored mā ke(kenusa), but the first akṣara cannot have e-vocalism according to the manuscript traces (also, his translation as 'attained' is not correct and does not fit his restoration). In addition, kekenu is always construed with a perl., i.e. 'provided with', whereas we have here a com. The construction com. + kekamu is also found in THT 304 b2. One further syllable is required by the metre, but there is no reason to restore a nom.sg.f. kekamusa; rather, one might think of a particle like ṣpä or no. |
| n6 | spārtatsi tākaṃ: this construction is unclear and the meaning is obscure. |
| n7 | /// (ra)mtä kārene klāyä kwri auswa nno tsa: this passage is obscure. With Broomhead 1962: 184, klāyä is probably to be corrected into klāyaṃ, but especially auswa nno tsa is difficult. In any case, Krause 1952: 71's reading kārene klāyaṃ kwri auswann ot sa "Wenn sie (?) in die Grube fällt, dann schreit (?) sie" is not convincing either. |
| n8 | āyātaicce: according to the context, the word seems complete, but there is a hole of the size of approximately one akṣara between ā and yātaicce that was presumably already there when the manuscript was written. |
| n9 | laṅkce slakareṃ ceṃ palsko āyātaicce: cf. Uv.31.8a-b spandanaṃ capalaṃ cittaṃ durakṣyaṃ durnivāraṇam (Bernhard 1965: 410) 'The mind that is trembling and unsteady, difficult to guard and difficult to restrain' (Hahn 2007: 125). |
Remarks
| The upper and lower margins of the fragment are preserved, and most probably the right margin in lines a1-2 and b3-4 as well. Approximately 1 akṣara is missing on the right of lines a3 and b2, and approximately 5 akṣaras are missing on the right of lines a4 and b1. According to the metre (which is not absolutely certain, see the discussion below), 19-21 syllables are missing on the left in the lines with the string hole space (apparently a2, a3, and b2), and 24-25 are missing in the other lines (a4, b1, b3, b4, and most probably also a1). Since lines a1, a2, b3, and b4 contain 19-21 akṣaras, and the 24-25 missing syllables on the left will make about 28 akṣaras, the original width of the leaf may have been close to 50 akṣaras or approximately 40 cms. | |
| According to Broomhead 1962: 183 "[w]ritten in medium ductus, and clearly preserved". |
References
Online access
Edition
Broomhead 1962: 183-184; Peyrot 2007: №2
Translations
Broomhead 1962: a1 a2 a3 a4 b1 b2 b3 b4 (183-184), a1 a2 a3 a4 b1 b2 b3 b4 (183-184); Hackstein 1995: a2 (164); Krause 1952: b3 (71); Meunier 2013: b2 (179); Schmidt 1974: a2 (474); Thomas 1952: b3 (24); Thomas 1979d: b2 (156)
Bibliography
Adams, Douglas Q. 1999. A dictionary of Tocharian B. Leiden Studies in Indo-European 10. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi.
Bernhard, Franz. 1965. Udānavarga. Band I, Einleitung, Beschreibung der Handschriften, Textausgabe, Bibliographie. Sanskrittexte aus den Turfanfunden 10. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht.
Broomhead, J.W. 1962. “A textual edition of the British Hoernle, Stein and Weber Kuchean manuscripts. With transliteration, translation, grammatical commentary and vocabulary. I = Edition.” PhD, Cambridge: Trinity College.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Hahn, Michael. 2007. Vom rechten Leben, Buddhistische Lehren aus Indien und Tibet, Aus dem Sanskrit und aus dem Tibetischen übersetzt und herausgegeben. Frankfurt am Main/Leipzig: Verlag der Weltreligionen (im Insel Verlag).
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Krause, Wolfgang. 1952. Westtocharische Grammatik, Band I. Das Verbum. Heidelberg: Winter.
Meunier, Fanny. 2013. “Typologie des locutions en yām- du tokharien.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 14: 123–85.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2007. “An edition of the Tocharian fragments IOL Toch 1 – IOL Toch 822 in the India Office Library.” International Dunhuang Project. 2007. http://idp.bl.uk/database/oo_cat.a4d?shortref=Peyrot_2007.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1953. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B, Heft 2. Fragmente Nr. 71-633. Edited by Werner Thomas. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Thomas, Werner. 1952. Die tocharischen Verbaladjektive auf -l. Deutsche Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Institut für Orientforschung 9. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
Thomas, Werner. 1979d. “Zur Verwendung von A śla, B śale, śle im Tocharischen.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 93: 150–73.
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