IOL Toch 1
| Known as: | IOL Toch 1; H 149.14; H 149.X.14. |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Michaël Peyrot. "IOL Toch 1". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-ioltoch1 (accessed 10 Oct. 2024). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Michaël Peyrot |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Unknown |
| Collection: | British Library (London) |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Mahendrasena |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Jātaka/Avadāna |
| Verse/Prose: | prose; verse |
| Meter: | 4343 (4x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | IOL Toch 1 and 173 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Size (h × w): | 8.0 × 22.6 cm |
| Number of lines: | 5 |
Images
Images from idp.bl.uk by courtesy of the International Dunhuang Project and the British Library.
Transliteration
| a1 | lla s̝s̝aṃ – naṃ pi lko wa a lā ṣmo ntaṃ tsa śe śśa mo rmeṃ po a raṃ śmeṃ ma ntsa na /// |
|---|---|
| a2 | yau ste se śai ṣṣe || gau ta ma ka pi lne || rai we ñṣe mi lkā ntra cai ka tkri e śne /// |
| a3 | wlau wa a ścī ce¯ ¯ts• pi le nta ccī ywā rcno ksa ṣe meṃ¯ ¯ts ka tsā ñśa /// |
| a4 | ye tse ceṃ¯ ¯ts : ṣe meṃ tskä ryā¯ ¯ñä pru knā ntra ra skre mā ka tsa rka lyi : a lyai¯ ¯k [t]· /// |
| a5 | ktā ñmä sa tā ṣlñe kau cka ṣāṃ tsne mu snā ntra : so¯ ¯m ha li ma¯ ¯k a lye ṅkaṃ¯ (–) /// |
| lf | 100 3 |
| b1 | kṣai ku rma ci ta llā ñco : a swa lymi ne yo kai sa tswo ṣka¯ ¯s̝ la kle¯ ¯ñä le ki /// |
| b2 | tṣe mi ta tā ka¯ ¯s̝ a lpa naṃ ka¯ ¯s̝• ī wa t[e] 3 || tu meṃ ma he ndra se ne wa /// |
| b3 | ts· naṃ pi lko sa yo ka ma ne ra mno ā ñma lā s̝s̝a lñe sa – /// |
| b4 | m· – – mā cä nta śwe s̝s̝aṃ || stri vi ghā tne || pa lka¯ ¯s ka rpye saṃ sā rce mā ka m[p]e /// |
| b5 | [l]· – – ceṃ¯ ¯ts m[y]ā ska we ṣa nma la kle sso nta : ṣñā ryā mo rntse ca la mtsa – /// |
Transcription
| lf | 100-3 |
| a1 | n1 °llaṣṣäṃ (tse)naṃ pilko wa alāṣmontaṃtsa śeśśamormeṃ po araṃśmeṃ mantsana(tär) /// (wawā)¬ |
|---|---|
| a2 | yau ste se śaiṣṣe ॥ gautamakapilne ॥ |
| 1a | raiweñ ṣemi ; lkānträ cai ; kätkri eśne ; /// 3σ |
|---|---|
| 1b | 9σ a3wlauwa ; aścī cets |
| 1c | pilentaccī ; ywārc no ksa ; ṣemeṃts katsāñ ; śa° /// 2σ |
| 1d | 11σ a4; yetse ceṃts : |
| 2a | ṣemeṃts käryāñ ; pruknānträ ; räskre māka ; tsärkalyi : |
| 2b | alyaik t· /// 12σ |
| 2c | (ṣemeṃts) (yä)a5kt-āñmän2n3 ; satāṣlñe ; kauc ka ṣ āṃtsne ; musnānträ : |
| 2d | som halimak ; alyeṅkäṃ(ts) ; /// 7σ |
| 3a | 7σ b1n4n5 ; kṣai kurmaci ; tallāñco : |
| 3b | aswa lymine ; yokaisa ; tswoṣ ka ṣ läkleñ ; leki(ne) |
| 3c | /// 14σ |
| 3d | 2σ b2°t ṣemi ; tatākaṣ ; alpanaṃ ka ṣ ; īwate 3 |
| * | ॥ tumeṃ mahendrasene wa(lo) /// |
|---|---|
| b3 | ts(e)naṃ pilkosa yokamane ram no āñmalāṣṣälñesa – /// |
| b4 | n6 m· – (a)mācäntäś weṣṣäṃ ॥ strivighātne ॥ palkas kärpye-saṃsār ce māka =mpe(le) /// |
| b5 | l· – – ceṃts myāska weṣanma läklessonta : ṣñār yāmorntse calämtsa – /// |
Translation
| a1 | ... brings (?) ... Having fixed his blue gaze upon the sick, he is sad with all his heart ... (and says: "...) |
|---|---|
| a2 | ... this world is led! || in gautamakapil || Some look lethargic, the eyes cast down ... [1a] |
| a3 | ... their heads [are] battered. [1b] Some are half covered with wounds, of some the bellies ... |
| a4 | ... their skin ... [1d] The hearts of some are bounding and they are very harshly tormented. [2a] Others ... |
| a5 | Of some the exhalation is feeble, and they just shrug their shoulders. [2c] Others (have) a disease of the mouth and jaundice ... |
| b1 | miserable [with] tuberculosis, or with tumors. [3a] [Their] lips [are] parched with thirst, and they are bound only to their bed[s] because of sorrow ... |
| b2 | ... some have become ... and reflect only anxiety. 3[d]" || Thereupon king Mahendrasena ... |
| b3 | ... with his blue gaze drinking as it were out of pity ... |
| b4 | ... he says to the ministers || in strivighāt ||: "See this low saṃsāra, [which is] very horrible! [1a] ... |
| b5 | ... [1b] ... He exchanged their sorrowful appearances. [1c] Through the caläm of everyone's own deed ... |
Commentary
Parallel texts
| Müller 1922: 34-46 |
Philological commentary
| The first metrical section comprises three strophes in gautamakapil. This tune is known from Tocharian A, where it has 4 x 7 ¦ 7 syllables (Carling et al. 2009: 190b; Poucha 1955: 100 – not with Poucha 1955: 445 4 x 7 ¦ 7 ¦ 4 syllables). Also here an analysis with 4 x 7 ¦ 7 syllables seems the only possibility; apparently the strophe number 1 is lacking after yetse ceṃts : in line a4. raiweñ ṣemi lkānträ cai ¦ kätkri eśne /// [1a] (3 syllables missing) [a3] wlauwa aścī cets [1b] (9 syllables missing) pilentaccī ywārc no ksa ¦ ṣemeṃts katsāñ śa- /// [1c] (2 syllables missing) [a4] yetse ceṃts : [1d] (11 syllables missing) ṣemeṃts käryāñ pruknānträ ¦ räskre māka tsärkalyi : [2a] alyaik t· /// [2b] (12 syllables missing) (ṣemeṃts yä) [a5] kt-āñmä satāṣlñe ¦ kauc ka ṣ āṃtsne musnānträ : [2c] (2 syllables missing) som halimak alyeṅkäṃ(ts) ¦ /// [2d] (7 syllables missing) [b1] kṣai kurmaci tallāñco : [3a] (7 syllables missing) aswa lymine yokaisa ¦ tswoṣ ka ṣ läkleñ leki(ne) /// [3b] (1 syllable missing) – missing completely – [3c] (14 syllables missing) [b2] t ṣemi tatākaṣ ¦ alpanaṃ ka ṣ īwate 3 (2 syllables missing) | |
| Of the second metrical section in strivighāt only the beginning is preserved. The metre is here a, c, d: 7 ¦ 4, b: 7 ¦ 7 (alternatively, strivighāt is also attested with a, c, d: 8 ¦ 3 or with b: 8 ¦ 8; see Adams 1999: 711). palkas kärpye-saṃsār ce ¦ māka =mpe(le) /// [1a] (1 syllable missing) [b5] l· – [1b] (12 syllables missing) – ceṃts myāska weṣanma ¦ läklessonta : [1c] (1 syllable missing) ṣñār yāmorntse calämtsa ¦ – /// [1d] (4 syllables missing) | |
| : the lowest stroke of the 3 is abraded, but the reading is nevertheless certain. | |
| n1 | llaṣṣäṃ: in spite of the abrasion, the reading seems secure. A restoration is difficult. Should the correct reading be ll[ā]s̝s̝aṃ, then (kä)llāṣṣäṃ 'brings' could be restored. |
| n6 | (a)mācäntäś: the reading is secure, but the correct form would be (a)mācäntaś, for amācäntaśc |
Remarks
| On the basis of the metrical analysis of the three strophes in a2-b2, 12-17 syllables are missing on the right of each line. On the right of line a2 12 syllables are missing; on the right of line a3 13 syllables; on the right of line a4 14 syllables; on the right of line a5 14 syllables and the strophe number 2; on the right of line b1 17 syllables. Also the analysis of the fragmentary strophe in b4-5 suggests that 14 syllables are missing on the right of line b4. With an average of approximately 25 akṣaras preserved on each full line (i.e. except lines a3 and b3, which contain the string hole space), and an estimated average of 16 akṣaras missing, the original width of the leaf must have been approximately 37 cms. | |
| According to Broomhead 1962: 143, this is one of three manuscriprs mentioning King Mahendrasena (the other two being IOL Toch 29 and IOL Toch 29). He goes on to describe IOL Toch 29 and this ms. as "five line manuscripts, written in the same large ductus, but probably not following. The state of preservation of both is very clear, but [this ms.] has been blackened appreciably, whereas [ IOL Toch 29 ] is white." This ms. is a left hand edge. |
Linguistic commentary
| n2 | som: according to Broomhead 1962a: 217 to be identified as Skt. soma, "a disease of the mouth". |
|---|---|
| n3 | halimak: cf Skt. halīmaka, a kind of jaundice (Monier-Williams 1899: 1293b), 'malignant jaundice' (Hoernle 1912: 342b). |
| n4 | kṣai: cf Skt. kṣaya, here as phthisis or phthisis pulmonalis (tuberculosis). |
| n5 | kurmaci: adj. derived from kurm or kwarm 'tumor' (Skt. gulma 'id.'). |
References
Online access
Edition
Broomhead 1962: 143-146; Peyrot 2007: №1
Translations
Adams 1999: a4 (165), a5 (466); Adams 2013a: a4, a5 (501); Broomhead 1962: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 (145); Carling 2000: b1 b2 (77, 173); Krause 1952: a1 (74); Schmidt 1974: a2 (235), a4 (118), a5 (295, 327); Thomas 1952: a4 (37); Thomas 1957: a3 (266), b1 (262), b5 (184); Thomas 1995: a4 (52)
Bibliography
Adams, Douglas Q. 1999. A dictionary of Tocharian B. Leiden Studies in Indo-European 10. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi.
Adams, Douglas Q. 2013a. A dictionary of Tocharian B. Revised and greatly enlarged. 2nd ed. 2 vols. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi.
Broomhead, J.W. 1962. “A textual edition of the British Hoernle, Stein and Weber Kuchean manuscripts. With transliteration, translation, grammatical commentary and vocabulary. I = Edition.” PhD, Cambridge: Trinity College.
Broomhead, J.W. 1962a. “A textual edition of the British Hoernle, Stein and Weber Kuchean manuscripts. With transliteration, translation, grammatical commentary and vocabulary. II = Glossary.” PhD, Cambridge: Trinity College.
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktion der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Carling, Gerd, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Werner Winter. 2009. A dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: Letters a-j. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Hoernle, Augustus F. R. 1912. The Bower manuscript: facsimile leaves, Nagari transcript, romanised transliteration and English translation with notes. Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Krause, Wolfgang. 1952. Westtocharische Grammatik, Band I. Das Verbum. Heidelberg: Winter.
Monier-Williams, Monier. 1899. A Sanskrit-English dictionary. Etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages. new edition, greatly enlarged and improved, London: Clarendon Press (several reprints).
Müller, Friedrich Wilhelm Karl. 1922. “Uigurica III, uigurische Avadāna-Bruchstücke (I-VIII).” Abhandlungen der Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Jahrgang 1920 (1922), Nr. 2.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2007. “An edition of the Tocharian fragments IOL Toch 1 – IOL Toch 822 in the India Office Library.” International Dunhuang Project. 2007. http://idp.bl.uk/database/oo_cat.a4d?shortref=Peyrot_2007.
Poucha, Pavel. 1955. Thesaurus Linguae Tocharicae Dialecti A. Praha: Státní Pedagogické Nakladatelství.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Thomas, Werner. 1952. Die tocharischen Verbaladjektive auf -l. Deutsche Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Institut für Orientforschung 9. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1995. Zur tocharischen Syntax. Adverbiales A māk, B māka “viel”. Vol. 2. SbWGF, XXXIII. Stuttgart: Steiner.
