THT 308
| Known as: | THT 308; B 308 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Adrian Musitz (translation). "THT 308". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht308 (accessed 19 Jan. 2026). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Adrian Musitz (translation) |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 19.2 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | Skt.; TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Udānavarga |
| Passage: | 25.2-9 |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Doctrine |
| Verse/Prose: | prose |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | THT 305-309 |
| Preceding fragment: | THT 307 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 8 |
Transliteration
(continues from THT 307)
| a1 | s̝a[ṃ] mpa mā ka ke klyau ṣo s̝aṃ mpa • – khy· ku· v· t· s· pr· jñ· • [wa] [ṣa] mñe – [m]ī ta¯ ¯r śl· ai śa [m]ñ[e] ts· • – – /// |
|---|---|
| a2 | mpa no ka rtse 2 na bha je [tpā] pa ka· m· traṃ¯ ¯m • mā l· – [ya] mī ta¯ ¯r yo lai[ṃ] wa ṣa m[oṃ] • na bha je /// |
| a3 | ta¯ ¯r śau moṃ ai na keṃ • bha je ta mi traṃ ka ly[ā] naṃ • [lā] r[e] ya mī ta¯ ¯r wa ṣa moṃ kre nto • bha je du [tta] /// |
| a4 | śpā lmeṃ śau m[oṃ] no 3 a ddhā na rā s· vi ta vyā • wä tkā lyci śā mna lā re ya ma s̝a lyi • śru /// |
| a5 | [ly]ñ· s[a] śa [te¯] [¯ñä] i ke ne pa lskau – – t[e] ṣāṃ hi śru tvā tu su bhā ṣi tā ni • [c]eṃ ·eṃ /// |
| a6 | – [v]· nā [p]· te bhyo la bha te vi śe [ṣa]¯ ¯m • wai [p]te [r]· – ·e nmeṃ ka lpā s̝s̝aṃ wā ki 4 hī ya ti [p]· /// |
| a7 | śau mo ai na keṃ lā re ya ma ṣe ñca • na tu – – – – – – – [tu] lya [s]e /// |
| a8 | śre ṣta mu pa ga to hyu pai ti ·e – – [ś]· [ā] [l]·ṃ /// |
| b1 | śpā lmeṃ ta n[e] [ā] rt· y[t]ra [5] /// |
| b2 | ma stra • pra jña yā co tta ma ta maṃ • ai śa mñe sa ·[pa] – – – – – ·[m]· ś· l· /// |
| b3 | [s̝pa] 6 pū ti ma tsyāṃ ku śā gre ṇa • pu paṃ la ksa a skwa c[e] ntse ā ke sa • yo na [r]· [h]yu pa na [hya] /// |
| b4 | – śā pi pū ti kā wā nti • a skwa ś· ra no pu paṃ¯ ¯ñä wa rskeṃ • e vaṃ pā p[ā] n[a] se va n· /// |
| b5 | lyñe 7 ta ga ra mpa lā śa pa tre ṇa • ta ga ra pa lā śa ṣṣe pi lta sa • yo na ro /// |
| b6 | wai śa – stra • pa trā ṇya pi su ga ndhī ni • pi ltā sa ra no ka rtse we re • sa de vaṃ saṃ ga mā tsa /// |
| b7 | [l]yñ· [m]eṃ kre nta ntso 8 a ku rva nna pi pā pā n[i] • mā ya ma ske ma ne ra no yo lai nta • ku rvā ṇa /// |
| b8 | no lā re ya ma stra • śa ṅki [t]· bha va ti pā pa sya • sk[l]o ka tse ma ske ta¯ ¯r yo lai [ññ]· nt[s]e • a va /// |
Transcription
(continues from THT 307)
| a1 | ṣäṃmpa māka keklyauṣoṣäṃmpa • (sa)khy(aṃ) ku(r)v(ī)t(a) s(a)pr(a)jñ(a) • waṣamñe (ya)mītär śl(e) aiśamñets(e) • – – /// |
|---|---|
| a2 | mpa no kartse 2 na bhajet pāpaka(ṃ) m(i)traṃm • mā l(āre) yamītär yolaiṃ waṣamoṃ • na bhaje /// |
| a3 | tär śaumoṃ ainakeṃ • bhajeta mitraṃ kalyānaṃ • lāre yamītär waṣamoṃ krento • bhajed utta /// |
| a4 | śpālmeṃ śaumoṃno 3 addhā narā s(e)vitavyā • wätkālyci śāmna lāre yamaṣälyi • śru /// |
| a5 | lyñ(e)sa śateñ ikene pälskau – (•) teṣāṃ hi śrutvā tu subhāṣitāni • ceṃ(nm)eṃ /// |
| a6 | – v(i)nāp(i) tebhyo labhate viśeṣam • waipte r(ano) (c)enmeṃ kälpāṣṣäṃ wāki 4 hīyati p· /// |
| a7 | śaumo ainakeṃ lāre yamaṣeñca • na tu – – – – – – – tulya se /// |
| a8 | śreṣtäm upagato hy upaiti ·e – – ś(p) āl(me)ṃ /// |
| b1 | śpālmeṃ tane ārt(o)yträ 5 /// |
| b2 | masträ • prajñayā cottamatamaṃ • aiśamñesa (ṣ) pä – – – – – ·m· ś· l· /// |
| b3 | n1 ṣpä 6 pūtimatsyāṃ kuśāgreṇa • pupaṃ laksä askwacentse ākesa • yo nar(o) hy upanahya /// |
| b4 | (ku)śāpi pūtikā wānti • askwaś(i) rano pupaṃñ warskeṃ • evaṃ pāpānasevan(ā) /// |
| b5 | lyñe 7 tagaram palāśapatreṇa • tagar{†ä} palāśäṣṣe piltasa • yo naro /// |
| b6 | wai śa(nmä)strä • patrāṇy api sugandhīni • piltāsa rano kärtse were • sad evaṃ saṃgamāt sa /// |
| b7 | lyñ(e) meṃ krentantso 8 akurvann api pāpāni • mā yamaskemane rano yolainta • kurvāṇa /// |
| b8 | no lāre yamasträ • śaṅkit(o) bhavati pāpasya • sklokatse mäsketär yolaiññ(e)ntse • ava /// |
Translation
(continues from THT 307)
| a1 | ... the wise one should make freindship with one having heard much... |
|---|---|
| a1+ | ... good... with... |
| a2 | May he not cherish a bad friend. |
| a2+ | May he not cherish a lowly person. |
| a3 | May he cherish a good friend. |
| a3+ | May he cherish an excellent person. |
| a4 | The decisive (?) people are to be cherished. |
| a4+ | ... rich... in the place... having thought... |
| a5+ | For having heard their eloquent speach, ... he reaches distinction from them, even separately... |
| a6 | ... is abandoned (?)... |
| a6+ | ... cherishing a lowly person.... |
| a7 | ... but not equal... |
| a7+ | ... for having gone to the excllent... approaches. |
| a8+ | ... may he praise the excellent... |
| b1+ | ... the very best in knowledge... |
| b3+ | A person who, having wrapped a putrid fish with tips of Kuśā-gras..., the blades of Kuśā-gras also smell putrid. |
| b4+ | Thus, not honoring evil ones... |
| b5+ | A person who, having wrapped tagara-powder in palāśa-leaves, ... and binds it, the leaves also (become) well-smelling. |
| b7+ | Even doing no evil, (one who) cherishes (evil)-doers becomes suspected of evil. |
Other
| a2+ | Nicht soll man einen schlechten Freund lieben, (nicht soll) man einen gemeinen Menschen (lieben); lieben soll man einen guten Freund, (lieben) soll man den besten Menschen. (Schmidt 1974: 432) |
|---|---|
| b1 | ... soll man hier den Besten lieben. (Schmidt 1974: 170) |
| b3+ | (Wenn man) stinkende Fische an die Spitze von Kuśagras (bindet), [so] riechen auch die Kuśagräser stinkig. (Schmidt 1974: 186) |
| b5 | (Wenn man [wtl. welcher Mensch] aber) Tagara [ein wohlriechendes Pulver] in ein Palāśa-Blatt einwickelt [wtl. einbindet], [so werden] auch die Blätter wohlriechend. (Schmidt 1974: 498) |
| b7+ | [Wenn] einer, auch wenn er nicht Böses [im Toch. Plural] tut, an einem Gefallen findet, (der [Böses] tut), [so] wird er des Bösen verdächtig. (Schmidt 1974: 432) |
Commentary
Remarks
| The original manuscript is missing. |
Philological commentary
| n1 | askwacentse ākesa cf. THT 1103 b2. |
|---|
References
Online access
IDP: THT 308; TITUS: THT 308(THT 308 recto), THT 309 (THT 308 verso and THT 309)
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1953: 197-198
Translations
Carling 2000: a5 (90), b3 (178); Meunier 2013: a2 a3 a4 (140), a7 (140); Peyrot 2013b: b4 (821); Schmidt 1974: a2 a3 a4 (432), b1 (170), b3 b4 (186), b5 (498), b7 b8 (432); Thomas 1958: a2 (294), a3 (290), a3 (294); Thomas 1981: a2 (495), a3 (492)
Bibliography
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktionen der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Meunier, Fanny. 2013. “Typologie des locutions en yām- du tokharien.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 14: 123–85.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1953. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B, Heft 2. Fragmente Nr. 71-633. Edited by Werner Thomas. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Thomas, Werner. 1958. “Zum Gebrauch des prohibitiven mar bzw. mā im Tocharischen.” Central Asiatic Journal 3: 289–308.
Thomas, Werner. 1981. “Indogermanisches in der Syntax des Tocharischen: Zum Ausdruck eines Gebotes und Verbotes.” In Festschrift der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 481–97.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
