A 391
| Known as: | A 391; THT 1025 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Gerd Carling; Adrian Musitz (translation). "A 391". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-a391 (accessed 02 Jul. 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Gerd Carling; Adrian Musitz (translation) |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Bezeklik |
| Expedition code: | T III M 135.2 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | Skt.; TA |
| Script: | late |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Udānavarga |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Meter: | 543 (4x); 4343 (4x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | A 391-392 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 7 |
Transliteration
| a1 | /// [sa] [m]· sya nda te vā ri tu sā ga re ṇa ta thai va mā rga ḥ su ga /// |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// ·ṣ· ñu ssā¯ ¯m klyoṃ miṃ ytā¯ ¯r : wra sa¯ ¯s tsa lpa s̝ta¯ ¯r o ma [sk]· /// |
| a3 | /// [tā] [nu] [ka] [mpī] [:] taṃ tā dṛ śaṃ de va na rā gra sa tvaṃ ni tyaṃ na ma sye [ta] /// |
| a4 | /// tmāṃ : ca mkā ru ṇi kāṃ śpā lmeṃ nāṃ tsu¯ ¯nt pu¯ ¯k wra ssaṃ : pu¯ ¯k cmo lu [ka] /// |
| a5 | /// [t]· : ta to vi ta rkāṃ śca vi cā ri – ·i – pra hā sya te vṛ ṣṭi ri vo ddha taṃ ra ja ḥ 10 7 ska /// |
| a6 | /// ¯s pu¯ ¯k wi ka – : s[wa] se ma tne – – – – sa tko¯ ¯nt re ma to rtwe : 10 7 sa vai vi ta rko pa /// |
| b1 | /// tvā pra mā ṇa – [p]ra dā la «yi» tva [tri] – – – yāṃ strī mja hā ti ba ndhāṃ ni pa ka pra ti smṛ ta /// |
| b2 | /// [c]yo tryā sra pa ntu wi ka nta¯ ¯r [:] – – m· ñy· syo śtwa¯ ¯r gra nthä ntu ka rṣnā nta¯ ¯r : 10 8 [pra] /// |
| b3 | /// cya te ve da ka ḥ sa rva to sau : 10 9 pe rā kune ṣiṃ tseṃ wa su sa mya¯ ¯k /// |
| b4 | /// ¯s̝ saṃ sā¯ ¯r yi¯ ¯s̝ ne rvāṃ : 10 9 su khaṃ su khā rthi la bha te /// |
| b5 | /// ¯k ku lypa¯ ¯m wra so¯ ¯m spā rtwa¯ ¯s̝ to sa¯ ¯s wä knäṃ twaṃ ño¯ ¯m kl(·)o /// |
| b6 | /// || mā rga vā¯ ¯rgä ā¯ ¯r : 10 2 || || pha laṃ vai ka da l·ṃ /// |
| b7 | /// mma rka mpa¯ ¯l mrā cā pa rsi ā ṣāṃ kra¯ ¯nt : pe tlu ne yā mā rga vā¯ ¯rgä sā sa¯ ¯k ytā rś· /// |
Transcription
| a1 | /// sam·syandate vāri tu sāgareṇa tathaiva mārgaḥ suga /// |
|---|---|
| a2 |
| 15x | 6σ /// ·ṣ· 1σ ñus sām ; klyoṃmiṃ ytār : |
|---|---|
| 15x | wrasas tsälpäṣtär ; omäsk· /// 5σ |
| a3 | /// tānukampī : taṃ tādṛśaṃ devanarāgrasatvaṃ nityaṃ namasyeta /// |
|---|---|
| a4 |
| 16x | 11σ /// tmāṃ : |
|---|---|
| 16x | cam kāruṇikāṃ ; śpālmeṃ nāṃtsunt ; puk wrassaṃ : |
| 16x | puk cmolu kä /// 8σ |
| a5 | /// t· : tato vitarkāṃś ca vicāri(tān)i (ca) prahāsyate vṛṣṭir ivoddhataṃ rajaḥ 10-7 |
|---|
| 17a | ska /// 11σ |
|---|---|
| 17b | 12σ |
| 17c | a6 8σ /// s puk ; wika – : |
| 17d | swase mät ne – – 1σ ; – – sätkont ; rem{†ä} tortwe : 10-7 |
| * | sa vai vitarkopa /// |
|---|---|
| b1 | /// (yi)tvāpramāṇa(m) pradālayitva tri(bhir) (āla)yāṃs trīm jahāti bandhāṃ nipaka pratismṛta /// |
| 18a | 12σ |
|---|---|
| 18b | b212σ |
| 18c | 4σ /// cyo ; try āsrapäntu ; wikantär : |
| 18d | – – m· ñy· syo ; śtwar granthäntu ; kärṣnāntär : 10-8 |
| * | pra /// |
|---|---|
| b3 | /// (vimu)cyate vedakaḥ sarvato sau : 10-9 |
| 19a | perākuneṣiṃ tseṃ ; wasu samyak ; /// 3σ |
|---|---|
| 19b | 12σ |
| 19c | b412σ |
| 19d | 7σ /// ṣ saṃsār ; yiṣ nervāṃ : 10-9 |
| * | sukhaṃ sukhārthi labhate /// |
|---|---|
| b5 | /// k kulypam wrasom spārtwaṣ tosäs wäknäṃtwaṃ ñom-kl·o /// |
| b6 | /// ॥ mārgavārg ār : 10-2 ॥ ॥ phalaṃ vai kadal(ī)ṃ /// |
| b7 |
| Xx | 4σ /// m ; märkampal ; mrācā pärsi ; āṣāṃ krant : |
|---|---|
| Xx | petluneyā ; mārgavārg ; sāsäk ytār ś· ; /// 3σ |
Translation
| a1 | ... just (like) water flows together with the ocean, so the good path... |
|---|---|
| a2 | ... the noble way liberates the beings (from) evil... |
| a3 | ... pitying... May he always worship such a highest being among gods and men. |
| a4 | ... 10 000.... the compassionate one, being best among beings, ... all births... |
| a5 | ... will then abandon/make disappear thoughts and considerations like the rain abandons stirred up dirt. |
| a6 | ... make disappear all... like the rain... the spread out dirt, dust and mist. The... of thinking.... |
| b1 | ... having split the authority into three (?) he leaves the three homes, fetters... wise, mindful... |
| b2 | through ... the three evils/contaminations disappear, through ... the four [bodily] entanglements are cut off. |
| b3 | ... that wiseman is liberated from everything. Wearing the armor of faithfulness... |
| b4 | ... saṃsāra... goes to Nirvāṇa... |
| b4+ | A being that desires happiness (obtains happiness) if he acts accordingly: ...’ |
| b5 | In these ways, famous (?)... |
| b6 | The Mārgavarga(-chapter) has ended. The fruit... banana-tree... |
| b7 | ... worthy to carry the good law on the head (?)... Through the writing of the Mārgavarga, the way... |
Other
| a2 | ... erlöst d[ies]er vorgetragene edle Weg die Wesen (vom) Bösen ... (Schmidt 1974: 507) |
|---|---|
| b2 | ... schwinden die drei Unreinheiten. (Schmidt 1974: 113) |
| b2 | ... durch ... schwinden die drei Befleckungen, durch die ... werden die vier [körperlichen] Verstrickungen beseitigt [wtl. abgeschnitten]. (Schmidt 1974: 209) |
| b5 | A being that desires happiness (obtains happiness) if he acts accordingly: … (Peyrot 2013b: 648) |
| b7 | ... das gute Gesetz [Akk.!], würdig, auf dem Scheitel getragen zu werden. (Schmidt 1974: 366) |
Commentary
Remarks
| Transcription and translation are based on Carling et al. 2009. | |
| Transcription and references have been transferred from the "Text and Reference Database of the Tocharian A Language" (Gerd Carling Lund University) (funded by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and SCAS). |
References
Online access
IDP: THT 1025; TITUS: THT 1025
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1921: 216-217; Sieg and Siegling 1921 p. 216, p. 217
Translations
Carling 2000: b7 (124); Couvreur 1959: a4 (253), b2 (253); Hackstein 1995: a6 (134), b2 (134); Knoll 1996: b7 (43, 46, 64, 71, 95); Kölver 1965: a4 (117); Peyrot 2013b: b5 (648); Schmidt 1974: a2 (214), a2 (507), b1 (113), b2 (113), b2 (209), b7 (366); Thomas 1954: b7 (743); Thomas 1957: b6 (210); Thomas 1958a: a4 (148); Thomas 1968: a6 (218); Thomas 1983: b4 (16)
Bibliography
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktion der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Carling, Gerd, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Werner Winter. 2009. A dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: Letters a-j. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Couvreur, Walter. 1959. “Review of: Thesaurus Linguae Tocharicae Dialecti A.” Bibliotheca Orientalis 16 (5-6): 251–53.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Knoll, Gabriele. 1996. “Die Verwendungsweisen der Adjektive im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Kölver, Bernhard. 1965. “Der Gebrauch der sekundären Kasus im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Personal annotated copy of Wilhelm Siegling. Scanned by Douglas Q. Adams with the technical assistance of Michael Tarabulski and Kevin Dobbins. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Thomas, Werner. 1954. “Die Infinitive im Tocharischen.” In Asiatica. Festschrift Friedrich Weller. Zum 65. Geburtstag, gewidmet von seinen Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern, edited by Johannes Schubert and Ulrich Schneider, 701–64. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1958a. “Zum Ausdruck der Komparation beim tocharischen Adjektiv.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 75: 129–69.
Thomas, Werner. 1968. “Zur Verwendung von toch. A oki/B ramt und A mäṃtne/B mäkte in Vergleichen.” Orbis 17: 198–231.
Thomas, Werner. 1983. Der tocharische Obliquus im Sinne eines Akkusativs der Richtung. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 6. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
