śāyeṃ

Cite this page as:	"śāyeṃ". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_B_śāyeṃ (accessed 17 Jul. 2025).
Meaning:	“to live”
Word class:	verb
Language:	TB
Equivalent in TA:	śāw-
Lexeme variants:	śāyeṃ
Person:	third
Number:	plural
Tense/Mood:	present
Root character:	non-a-character
Internal root vowel:	vowel-full
Stem:	present
Stem class:	2
Valency:	intransitive
Voice:	active

Paradigm

	sg.act	pl.act	du.act	sg.mid	pl.mid	du.mid
1	śāyau	śayem
2
3		śāyeṃ

Lexeme family

• śāw-
  • śāw- “to live” gv
    • śāw- “to live” gv.subj/prs2

      	sg.act
      2	śayit
      3	śaiṃ

    • śāw- “to live” gv.prs2

      	sg.act	pl.act
      1	śāyau	śayem
      3		śāyeṃ

      • śāmane “living” part.prs2
      • śayeñca “living” ptcp.prs2

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	śayeñca, śāyeñca	śayeñca, śāyeñca	śayeñcañ	śayeñcañ
        acc	śayeñcai	śayeñcai
        gen	śayeñcantse	śayeñcantse

    • śāw- “to live” gv.subj2

      	sg.act	pl.act
      1	śayim	śayem
      3	śāyi	śaweṃ

      • śailñe “life” abstr.n.subj2

        	sg	pl
        nom	śailñe	śailñenta
        acc	śailñe	śailñenta
        gen	śailñentse

      • śaitsi “to live” inf.n.subj2

        	sg
        nom	śaitsi
        acc	śaitsi
        perl	śaitsisa

    • śāw- “to live” gv.pret1

      	sg.act
      3	śāya

    • śāw- “to live” gv.pret7

      	sg.act
      3	śawiya

      • śaśāyu “having lived” part.pret7

        	sg.m
        nom	śaśāyu

        • śaśāyor “living” abstr.pret7

          	sg
          nom	śaśāyor
          acc	śaśāyor
          abl	śaśāyormeṃ

    • śāw- “to live” gv.imp6

      	pl.act
      2	pśaiso

  • śaiṣṣe “world, people” m

    	sg	pl
    nom	śaiṣṣe	śaiṣṣi
    acc	śaiṣṣe	śaiṣṣeṃ
    gen	śaiṣṣentse	śaiṣṣeṃts
    loc	śaiṣṣene	śaiṣṣenne
    comit	śaiṣṣempa
    abl	śaiṣṣemeṃ	śaiṣṣenmeṃ
    perl	śaiṣṣesa

    • śaiṣṣeṣṣe “pertaining to the world”

      	sg.m
      nom	śaiṣṣeṣṣe
      acc	śaiṣṣeṣṣe

  • śāw- “to live” kaus
    • śāw- “to live” kaus.prs9a

      	sg.act	sg.mid
      1	śawaskau
      3	śawaṣṣäṃ	śawästär

      • śawaṣṣälle “to live” part.prs9a

        	sg.m
        nom	śawaṣṣälle

    • śāw- “to live” kaus.pret4

      	sg.mid	pl.mid
      3	śāwṣate	śāwṣante

  • śaul “life” n

    	sg	pl
    nom	śaul	śaulanma
    acc	śaul	śaulanma
    loc	śaulne
    comit	śaulämpa
    abl	śaulameṃ
    perl	śaultsa	śaulanmasa

    • śaulassu “honerable [lit. life-possessing]”

      	sg.m	pl.m	pl.f
      nom	śaulassu	śaulassoñc
      voc	śaulassu
      acc	śaulasont
      gen			śaulassontäṃts
      perl	śaulasontsa

    • śaulanmaṣṣe “pertaining to lives”

      	sg.m
      nom	śaulanmaṣṣe
      acc	śaulanmaṣṣe

    • śaulaṣṣe “pertaining to life”

      	sg.m	pl.m
      nom	śaulaṣṣe
      acc	śaulaṣṣe	śaulaṣṣeṃ

Occurrences

śāyeṃ

1	PK AS 7B b4	solmen omte ; śaul	ś(ā)yeṃ	: mā b5 (ṣpä)
2	PK AS 7C a1	onolmi : solmeṃ śaul	śāyeṃ	; taka ntä kca
3	PK AS 7C a1	ywār;tsa omte ś(au)l ;	ś(ā)y(e)ṃ	: tsälpentr{e→ä} nauṣä-k ;
4	PK AS 7C a4	okosa : ywāa4rtsa śaul	śāyeṃ	; (tu)m(e)ṃ n(r)aimeṃ ;
5	PK NS 263 a3	a3 /// (śaul) pärkre	śāyeṃ	snai lakle ṣek ///