eṣäl

Cite this page as:	"eṣäl". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_A_eṣäl (accessed 21 Jan. 2026).
Meaning:	“having to give, to be given”
Word class:	adjective
Language:	TA
Lexeme variants:	eṣäl
Number:	singular
Stem:	present
Stem class:	8
Case:	nominative
Gender:	masculine
Inflection class:
Nom. sg. (masc.):	-Ø
Obl. sg. (masc.):	-äṃ
Nom. pl. (masc.):	P-e

Paradigm

	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f	du.m	du.f
nom	eṣäl
voc
acc		eṣlyāṃ
gen
loc
comit
inst
abl
perl
all	eṣlac
caus

Lexeme family

• e-
  • e- “to give” gv
    • e- “to give” gv.prs8

      	sg.act	pl.act
      1	esam, esam-ci
      2	eṣt
      3	eṣā, eṣ, eṣ-äk, eṣṣ-äṃ, eṣṣ-äm	eṣār, eseñc

      • eṣant “giving” ptcp.prs8

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	eṣant	eṣant
        acc			eṣäntās	eṣäntās
        gen	eṣäntāp	eṣäntāp
        abl	eṣäntānäṣ	eṣäntānäṣ

      • eṣäl “having to give, to be given” part.prs8

        	sg.m	sg.f
        nom	eṣäl
        acc		eṣlyāṃ
        all	eṣlac

      • esmāṃ “being given” part.prs8

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	esmāṃ	esmāṃ	esmāṃ	esmāṃ
        acc	esmāṃ	esmāṃ	esmāṃ	esmāṃ

      • essi “to give” inf.n.prs8

        	sg
        nom	essi, essi-k
        acc	essi, essi-k

    • e- “to give” gv.subj1/2

      	sg.act	pl.act
      1	āyim, āyim-äṃ, em, em-ci, em-äm	āyimäs
      2	āyit, āyit-äm, et, et-ñi
      3	āyiṣ, eṣ	āyeñc

      • el “to give” part.subj1/2

        	sg.f
        nom	elyi

      • elune “to give” abstr.n.subj1/2

        	sg
        nom	elune
        acc	elune
        loc	eluneyaṃ
        inst	eluneyo
        abl	elūneyäṣ
        perl	eluneyā

Occurrences

eṣäl

1	A 280 a6	saṃ /// a6 ///	eṣäl	el wrassaṃ ortune yal
2	PK NS 3 b2	pañ(i)b2(t) – – – ·lyi pat	eṣäl	srepe mā mäska(t)rä ॥
3	THT 1646.c b2	/// (ca)mi mā	eṣä(l)	///