kosam

Cite this page as:	"kosam". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_A_kosam (accessed 10 May 2026).
Meaning:	“to destroy, kill” Carling and Pinault 2023: “to kill”
Word class:	verb
Language:	TA
Equivalent in TB:	kau-
Lexeme variants:	kosam
Person:	first
Number:	singular
Tense/Mood:	present
Root character:	non-a-character
Internal root vowel:	vowel-full
Stem:	present
Stem class:	8
Valency:	transitive
Voice:	active

Paradigm

	sg.act	pl.act	du.act	sg.mid	pl.mid	du.mid
1	koṣāwā, kosam
2	koṣt
3	koṣā, koṣ	koseñc

Lexeme family

• ko-
  • ko- “to kill” “to destroy, kill” gv
    • ko- “to kill” “to destroy, kill” gv.prs8

      	sg.act	pl.act
      1	koṣāwā, kosam
      2	koṣt
      3	koṣā, koṣ	koseñc

      • koṣant “destroying, killing” ptcp.prs8

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	koṣant	koṣant
        acc	koṣäntāṃ	koṣäntāṃ	koṣäntās	koṣäntās
        gen			koṣäntāśśi	koṣäntāśśi
        all			koṣäntāsac	koṣäntāsac

      • kossi “to kill” “to destroy, kill” inf.n.prs8

        	sg
        nom	kossi
        acc	kossi

      • koṣäl “to kill” “to destroy, kill” part.prs8

        	pl.m
        acc	koṣlyes

    • ko- “to kill” “to destroy, kill” gv.subj1/2

      	sg.act	pl.act
      3	koṣ, koś-śi	kāweñc

      • kolune “to kill” “to destroy, kill” abstr.n.subj1/2

        	sg
        nom	kolune
        acc	kolune
        gen	koluneyis
        inst	koluneyo
        abl	koluneyäṣ

        • koluneṣi “belonging to a killing” subj1/2

          	sg.m
          nom	koluneṣi
          acc	koluneṣiṃ

    • ko- “to kill” “to destroy, kill” gv.pret3

      	sg.act
      3	kosā-m

      • kāko “to kill” “to destroy, kill” part.pret3

        	sg.m	sg.f
        nom	kāko	kākos

    • ko- “to kill” “to destroy, kill” gv.prs6
      • kosmāṃ “destroying, killing” part.prs6

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	kosmāṃ	kosmāṃ	kosmāṃ	kosmāṃ
        acc	kosmāṃ	kosmāṃ	kosmāṃ	kosmāṃ

Occurrences

kosam

1

A 61 b3

wark ypam ; mā

kosam

: mā penu śwām