kcäk

Cite this page as:	"kcäk". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_A_kcäk (accessed 10 May 2026).
Meaning:	Carling and Pinault 2023: “cross, go beyond, violate, transgress, pass (time), pass away”; “cause to be out of control”; “to cross, (sur)pass, pass (time), commit (a sin)”
Word class:	verb
Language:	TA
Equivalent in TB:	kätk-
Lexeme variants:	kcäk; śtäk; śśäk
Person:	third
Number:	singular
Tense/Mood:	preterite
Root character:	a-character
Internal root vowel:	vowel-schwa
Stem:	preterite
Stem class:	1
Valency:	transitive/intransitive
Voice:	active

Paradigm

	sg.act	pl.act	du.act	sg.mid	pl.mid	du.mid
1
2		katkas
3	kcäk	katkar

Lexeme family

• kätkā-
  • kätk- “cross, go beyond, violate, transgress, pass (time), pass away” “cause to be out of control” “to cross, (sur)pass, pass (time), commit (a sin)” gv
    • kätk- “cross, go beyond, violate, transgress, pass (time), pass away” “cause to be out of control” “to cross, (sur)pass, pass (time), commit (a sin)” gv.prs7

      	pl.act	pl.mid
      3	ktäṅkeñc	ktäṅkāntär

      • ktäṅkātsi “cross, go beyond, violate, transgress, pass (time), pass away” “cause to be out of control” “to cross, (sur)pass, pass (time), commit (a sin)” inf.n.prs7

        	sg
        nom	ktäṅkātsi
        acc	ktäṅkātsi

    • kätk- “cross, go beyond, violate, transgress, pass (time), pass away” “cause to be out of control” “to cross, (sur)pass, pass (time), commit (a sin)” gv.subj5

      	sg.act	pl.act
      2	katkat	kätkāc
      3	katkaṣ	kätkeñc

      • kätkāl “cross, go beyond, violate, transgress, pass (time), pass away” “cause to be out of control” “to cross, (sur)pass, pass (time), commit (a sin)” part.subj5

        	sg.m
        nom	kätkāl
        acc	kätkāläṃ

      • kätkālune “crossing, transgression” abstr.n.subj5

        	sg
        nom	kätkālune
        acc	kätkālune
        abl	kätkāluneyäṣ
        perl	kätkāluneyā

    • kätk- “cross, go beyond, violate, transgress, pass (time), pass away” “cause to be out of control” “to cross, (sur)pass, pass (time), commit (a sin)” gv.pret1

      	sg.act	pl.act
      2		katkas
      3	kcäk	katkar

      • kätko “having (sur)passed” part.pret1

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	kätko, kätkont	kätkos, kätkont	kätkoṣ, kätkont	kätkont
        acc	kätkont	kätkont	kätkont	kätkont

        • kätkor “passing” abstr.pret1

          	sg
          nom	kätkor
          acc	kätkor
          abl	kätkoräṣ

  • kätk- “~ to cause to be out of control, to cause to run wild” kaus
    • kätk- “~ to cause to be out of control, to cause to run wild” kaus.pret2
      • śaśätku “~ to cause to be out of control, to cause to run wild” part.pret2

        	sg.m	sg.f
        nom	śaśätku
        acc		śaśätkusāṃ

Occurrences

śtäk

1

YQ I.2 b7

oktapuklyi nasmāṃ pkā-k āsuk

śtäb8(k)

/// (klyomä)n(t)āp met(rä)k(y)āp kāswoneytu

śśäk

1

SHT 519.5 b6

b6 wäryacandre daśabal āsuk

śśäk

kcäk

1

A 1 b3

śtwar-wäknā ārṣlās{l→y}o rarkuñcäs iṣanäs

kcäk

śtwar-wäknā spe(ṣinä)b4s{†ä} kluṃtsäsyo sopis