THT 81
| Known as: | THT 81; B 81; Bleistiftnummer 2340 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Melanie Malzahn. "THT 81". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht81 (accessed 13 Jan. 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Melanie Malzahn |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 102.6 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Araṇemijātaka |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Jātaka/Avadāna |
| Verse/Prose: | prose; verse |
| Meter: | 665 (4x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | Araṇemi α |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 6 |
Images
Images from idp.bl.uk by courtesy of the International Dunhuang Project, the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Orientabteilung.
Transliteration
| lf | 10 5 |
|---|---|
| a1 | na ma n(·) • p[i] śu w(·) a ka ls̝a lye(·) ścä ma kā yä kne (–) pau ta [rme](·) • we s̝aṃ nme¯ ¯ścä sasū śkaṃ ne saṃ ksa ñī ye sa¯ ¯śc a ñma ṣṣe re ki (–) [k](·) pi la va(·) ṇ(·) |
| a2 | brā hma ṇe we s̝s̝aṃ spa ntai ka ṣṣi weṃ || ru dra mu khe brā hma ṇe we s̝s̝aṃ || ni ṣkra māṃ ne || wa lo a knā tsa su ma rsau ṣa ñā ñma tsai¯ ¯[k]• ñe¯ ¯m• a ra [ṇ]e |
| a3 | mi • yā mṣa te ñi śśe rka tte ○ lyau tsa ñpa¯ ¯stä ṣa¯ ¯ñä ypo ymeṃ we rtsai ntse ne pre • sru ko rai śau mye pi o lypo (·)[a] no yt(·) rpa¯ ¯stä mā kwī |
| a4 | pe rmo yta¯ ¯r : su ke ñe mwa ○ lo yā mṣa te ñī śśe rka tte ma kte ṣteṃ ke lu : || a ka ls̝a lyi we skeṃ u pā dhyā ya kuse we sa¯ ¯ñä ta [n]neṃ |
| a5 | ya ma s̝a(·) l[e] (–) brā hma ṇe we s̝s̝aṃ (–) – ksa nai ye¯ ¯s ñ[ī] (–) t[k]o rsa pcī so a ra ṇe mi ñlā nte u tta re ñe mtsa [soṃ] śke ste ṣa ñśau la meṃ snai wā ki [l](·) |
| a6 | [rau] ñe sa • sū no wa lo pa ñä ktaṃ ñe (– –) ṣṣe a kā lksa po – (– – –) – kcau u tta reṃ [m]ñ (–) ṣkeṃ ye saṃ ññai s̝s̝aṃ cwī lkā llo na [la] kle nta ñi¯ ¯śä /// |
| b1 | r[i] mñcu ṣke ntse lkā tsi ā [y]u : krui ye (–) [ñī] ce a kā lka k[a] [n](·) (– – – –) [ṅ]k[e] ñśa m(·)(·) ś[a] sta [r]ṣṣ(·) yä kne sa pru cca mñe ya [nma] c(·)¯ ¯r || brā hma (–) |
| b2 | we skeṃ ma(·) (·)e [wa] tka s̝s̝aṃ u pā dhyā ye (– –) brā hma ṇi : tu me(·) [c]· brā hma ṇi to ti ke po staṃ yne ma ne a [ra] ṇe mi ñlā nte ya po yne ka meṃ (–) |
| b3 | rri ne yai po rm[e]ṃ ā lyau ce śwe ○ skeṃ bho bho • kuse (–) ksa we sa¯ ¯ñä ke ka mo¯ ¯r o ro cce la¯ ¯nt• śa(·) sa ṣṣi || ta ne pla ktu – ñña brā hma |
| b4 | ṇeṃ lye lya ko rmeṃ ke rcī ye ○ [nn](·) yo psa śle yä rke l[ā] nta śwe [s̝s̝a]ṃ ña kta a lye¯ ¯k ypo yṣi brā hma ṇi pa rna [k]lye nt[ra] sa sweṃ lkā tsi ñä |
| b5 | ske ntra • || wa lo we s̝s̝aṃ ra me re cce pwā ya rme ka rtse ya mi ñcai ñi || ta [n]e brā hma ṇi ke rci yeṃ ne yai po rmeṃ po¯ ¯ñc ṣa rko śce cca lo rsa ka lā nte |
| b6 | ya rke ya ma skeṃ || ta ne a ra ṇe mi wa lo brā [hma] ṇeṃ [wra] ts[ai] «[tsa]» ṅko [rmeṃ] ka ṣṣ[ī] ññe yä kne sa a sā nne ly[ā] ma te me || tu meṃ (–) ññai u ppā laṃ |
Transcription
| lf | 10-5 |
| 1a | walo aknātsa su ; märsau ṣañ āñm atsaik ; ñem araṇea3min2n3n4 • |
|---|---|
| 1b | yāmṣate ñiśś erkatte ; lyautsa-ñ päst ṣañ ypoymeṃ ; wertsaints= enepre • |
| 1c | srukor aiśaumyepi ; olypo ·anoyt(ä)r päst ; mā kwīa4pen4n4 rmoytär : |
| 1d | su {k→t}e ñem walo ; yāmṣate ñīśś erkatte ; mäkte ṣ teṃ kelu : |
Translation
| a1 | ... (stri)ving [and] after having flattered the five [most] learned students in many ways, (the Brahmin Rudramukha) speaks to them. “[My] little sons, I have a personal word for you!” |
|---|---|
| a1+ | The Brahmin Kapilavarṇa speaks: |
| a2 | “The teacher may speak trustingly!” The Brahmin Rudramukha speaks: || In [the tune] niṣkramānt || |
| a2+ | “An ignorant king, who even has forgotten himself, by the name of Araṇemi treated me with contempt. |
| a3 | He drove me from his country in front of [his] retinue. Death shall be (accept)ed (?) by a wise one |
| a3+ | rather than that he yield to this shame! |
| a4 | (1.) |
| a4 | The king thus called treated me with contempt: how shall I bear this?” The pupils speak: |
| a4+ | “Master! What is to be done by us in this?” |
| a5 | The Brahmin speaks: “Therefore be on your way by my order! |
| a5+ | The king Araṇemi has a little son named Uttara, that he loves no different than his own life. |
| a6 | The king, however, because of his wish for the dignity of a Buddha, is one who (gives) all [and] surely [will] give you the prince Uttara. |
| a6+ | The sufferings to be experienced [lit. seen] by him I will give the prince Uttara to experience. |
| b1 | If you fulfil this my wish, you will receive benefit from me according to the rule.” |
| b1+ | The Brahmins speak: |
| b2 | “As the master commands!” The Brahmins went out. Thereupon these Brahmins, going step by step, came to the land of the king Araṇemi. |
| b2+ | Having entered (this) town, they speak to one another: |
| b3 | “Well now! Well now! Who will announce our arrival to the great king?” |
| b3+ | Thereupon the [female] door warden, having espied the Brahmins, entered the palace |
| b4 | [and] speaks to the king with deference: “[Your] majesty! Foreign Brahmins are standing outside; |
| b4+ | to see the lord they request.” |
| b5 | The king speaks: “Lead them in here quickly! Benefactors these are for me! |
| b5+ | Thereupon after having entered the palace the Brahmins all show [no more] deference to the king [than] only by lifting [their] hand. |
| b6 | Thereupon the king Araṇemi after having risen towards the Brahmins let them sit on the throne in the manner of teachers. Thereupon ... (bl)ue ... (like) lotus ... |
Other
| a2 | May the teacher speak trustfully. (715) (Peyrot 2013b: 296) |
|---|---|
| a2+ | Ein törichter König, [der] sogar sich selbst vergessen [hat], namens Araṇemi, hat mich verächtlich gemacht. Er hat mich aus seinem Lande vertrieben vor [seinem] Gefolge. Der Tod möchte von einem Weisen ... gesucht werden / Eher möchte von einem Weisen der Tod gesucht werden, als dass er sich der Schande beugte [wtl. nicht möchte er sich der Scham beugen]. Der also genannte König hat mich verächtlich gemacht. Und wie soll ich dies ertragen? (Schmidt 1974: 246, 254, 304, 464) |
| a4 | This king by that name has treated me badly: how will I bear that? (Peyrot 2013b: 302) |
| a5 | The brahmin says: «Therefore get going according to my command!» (cf 100; 310) (Peyrot 2013b: 352) |
| a6 | Now this king is giving away everything out of his wish for the Buddha rank [and] certainly he will give prince Uttara to you. (cf 100) (Peyrot 2013b: 304) |
| a6+ | The sorrows he should undergo I will let undergo prince Uttara [instead]. (cf 100; 310) (Peyrot 2013b: 299) |
| b1 | If you [pl.] fulfil this wish of mine, then you [pl.] will obtain benefit from me in the manner of the śāstras. (Peyrot 2013b: 671) |
| b2+ | In (diese) Stadt eingetreten, sprechen sie [scil. die Brahmanen] zueinander: ... (Schmidt 1974: 321) |
| b4+ | O Herr! Ausländische Brahmanen stehen draußen; den Herrn zu sehen, begehren sie. (Schmidt 1974: 271) |
| b5 | Der König spricht: "Führe sie schnell herein! Wohltäter [sind] sie für mich!" (Schmidt 1974: 387) |
Commentary
Parallel texts
| PK NS 35 |
Philological commentary
| Continues A 343, continued on THT 82 and PK NS 35 a 3ff. The translation basically follows Schmidt 2001: 309-10. | |
| n1 | The restoration of the tune name to niṣkramāntne is based on the often attested TA form niṣkramāntaṃ "In [the tune] niṣkramānt". |
| n2 | According to Sieg/Siegling, the meter has basically 4 x 17 syllables (6/6/5 or 5/7/5), while pāda 1b has one syllable to many. It is quite clear that it is the first colon to contain the additional syllable, because it is repeated as such in pāda 1d (where the seven syllables are correct) and, what is more, the sandhi-triggered gemination in ñiś proves that the internal ceasura cannot be restored after the pronoun. |
| n3 | Schmidt, l.c., translates: "Er hat mich von [seinem] Gefolge [...] fortgejagt", which is, most likely, a typo for "vor [seinem] Gefolge", since this is the meaning of enepre. Cf. also Carling 2000: 357. |
| n4 | The traditional interpretation of pāda 1c is based on the restoration and correction (ri)toyt(a)r by Sieg/Siegling. Accordingly, Thomas 1957: 181 translates: "Von einem Weisen dürfte eher der Tod gesucht werden, [als] daß ihm die Ehre genommen würde [wörtl. daß die Scham fortgebeugt würde]." Differently, Schmidt 2001: 310, fn. 42 doubts the restoration of the verbal form and reads [n](a)noyt(ä)r. A 2sg. indeed does not make any syntactical sense, and it has to be accepted that the copyist mistook a 〈ta〉 of the original for 〈ta〉 (the signs are somewhat similar as second part of an akṣara). As for the beginning of the verbal form, one would indeed expect to see some traces of an akṣara 〈ri〉 around the lacuna, and the rather small akṣara 〈na〉, as proposed by Schmidt, would certainly fit. Since there is no trace of an upper vowel sign, 〈a〉 does indeed seem to be the best reading. It is also true that the following akṣara is a 〈na〉 rather than a 〈ta〉. However, although is so far the only known verb forming a Sub V and ending in -n, Schmidt's interpretation is, in my opinion, not really convincing with respect to semantics, because the (intransitive) verb means "to appear" (not passive "hingenommen werden = "to be accepted", as Schmidt translates). The genitive aiśaumyepi is most certainly the agens of a passive construction, which means that the underlying verbal form has to be a passive and not an intransitive. So far, no root that fits all these requirements is known. A similar problem occurs with the second verbal form rmoytär, which is also intransitive and not passive (pace Thomas in Sieg and Siegling 1983: 236). Furthermore, pace Thomas in Sieg and Siegling 1983: 236, päst (most likely with intensifying function) for syntactical reasons belongs to the first verbal form and not to rmoytär. |
| n5 | Sieg/Siegling read ñī yaitkorsa, but the original seems to be more damaged now. Only a part of the ī and 〈ya〉 is still visible, the ai is missing. |
| n6 | It is certain that kan(·) is a transitive 2pl. (most likely subjunctive) form of the root itr. "to come about", tr. "to fulfill"; Sieg/Siegling proposed to restore to kan(aścer), which subsequently has entered the handbooks as a 2pl. Prs IXb form (see TEB II: 181 s.v. kän-). This view was challenged with good reasons by Hackstein 1995: 235f. (followed by Malzahn 2010: 568-570), who proposed as alternative a 2pl. transitive Sub I kan(tär) based on the reading by K. T. Schmidt (p.c.). However, a close look at the original manuscript shows that the preserved remains of the second stroke of the akṣara in question can only belong to a 〈na〉 and not to the upper part of a 〈ta〉 or even 〈ta〉. Consequently, Sieg/Siegling's restoration is indeed the only philologically possible one; since the kausativium stem of kän- now in addition does show traces of A-character (see Malzahn 2010: 568-570), a 2pl. Prs IXb kan(aścer) = /känāścer/ with accent on the root is also morphologically supported. The further restoration by Sieg/Siegling to (ot) ṅke is supported by THT 78 a 3. |
| n7 | The text is parallel to PK NS 35 a 1-a 2. |
| n8 | The expression (tse)ññai uppāläṃ is proplematic from a semantic and morphological point of view: Usually, one does not construct uppāl "lotus" with the adjective "blue" in a pleonastic fashion; the normal construction is "something is blue like lotus"; second, (tse)ññai (or any other adjective in -ññe) is an obl. fem. singular, while uppāl is most likely an alternant (to be honest, only the plural uppalänta is certainly a feminine, but a plural in -nta should be an alternant). In any case, if the form referred to the eyes, we would expect a plural or dual. Therefore, one can either assume a gen.sg. uppāläṃ(ntse), or, more likely, the dot here marks virama and not anusvara (as, e.g., in line b 3). In that case one might consider an expression (tse)ññai uppāl(-yokäṃ) "the blue, lotus-colored xy (= fem.sg.)". A fitting feminine word would be āśce "head"; one may speculate that Araṇemi by bowing his head, the hair of which was blue-colored, made a further gesture of respect towards the Brahmins. This would also fill the missing number of at least 10 akṣaras before the text starts again in PK NS 35 a 3. See the commentary on PK NS 35: a 3. |
Remarks
| The left part of the original leaf is now missing, but was edited by Sieg and Siegling 1953: 19-20. The preserved manuscript now starts with: | |
a1 ścä | |
| a2 wem | |
| a3 ○ lyautsañ | |
| a4 ○lo | |
| a5 ksa | |
| a6 ṣṣe | |
| b1 [ñī] | |
| b2 brāhmaṇi | |
| b3 ○skeṃ | |
| b4 [nn](·) | |
| b5 pwāyar-me | |
| b6 ṇemi (with parts of the 〈ra〉 still visible). |
Alternative linguistic/paleographic classifications
| Tamai 2011 | C5 |
| Tamai 2011 | C14 |
References
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1953: 19-20
Translations
Carling 2000: a3 (357), b2 (101, 330), b3 (161), b4 (153), b5 (138), b5 (153), b6 (171); Carling 2012: b3 (64); Couvreur 1954c: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 (100-101); Hackstein 1995: a3 (243), b1 (235f); Krause 1952: a2 (31), a3 (204), a4 (38), b5 (47), b5 b6 (37); TEB II: a5 a6 (50); Meunier 2013: a2 a3 (142), b1 (167), b5 b6 (164); Peyrot 2013b: a2 (296), a4 (302), a5 (352), a6 (304), a6 b1 (299), b1 (671); Schmidt 1974: a2 a3 a4 (464), a2 a3 a4 (246, 254, 304, 464), a3 a4 (254, 304), b2 b3 (321), b4 b5 (271), b5 (387, 392 n.5), b5 (387); Schmidt 2001: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 (309-310); Sieg and Siegling 1983: a2 (236), a3 (236), a5 (236), a6 (237); Thomas 1952: a5 (20), a6 (27); Thomas 1954: a6 b1 (725), b4 (719); Thomas 1957: a2 a3 a4 (181), b1 b2 b3 (90), b3 b4 (90), b5 b6 (90), b6 (90); Thomas 1958a: a1 (145); Thomas 1960a: b5 (197); Thomas 1967a: a2 a3 (60), a4 (76), a5 (64); Thomas 1968: b2 (227); Thomas 1977b: a3 a4 (171); Thomas 1979b: b3 b4 (7), b5 b6 (7), b6 (7); Thomas 1979d: b4 (151); Thomas 1981: a2 (491), b5 (487); Thomas 1983: b2 (31), b5 b6 (28); Thomas 1988: b6 (252); Thomas 1990: b5 (30); Thomas 1993: a3 (196), b4f=PK NS 35a1 (161), b5f=PK NS 35a2 (161); Thomas 1995: a1 (64); Thomas 1997: b5 b6 (89)
Bibliography
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