THT 46
| Known as: | THT 46; B 46; Bleistiftnummer 3338; Bleistiftnummer 3348 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Hannes A. Fellner. "THT 46". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht46 (accessed 09 Oct. 2024). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Hannes A. Fellner |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 69.40, T III Š 90.4 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Udānālaṅkāra |
| Passage: | uncertain |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Doctrine |
| Verse/Prose: | verse |
| Meter: | 5555 (1x), 444343 (1x), 55 (1x), 4443 (1x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | Udānālaṅkāra A |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Size (h × w): | 14 and 13.5 × 18 and 17 cm |
| Number of lines: | 8 |
Images
Images from idp.bl.uk by courtesy of the International Dunhuang Project, the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Orientabteilung.
Transliteration
| a1 | skr[e] yā [m]u e rka tte r· wa ttsai¯ ¯k pa¯ ¯st snai [mai] yya : śe¯ ¯m /// /// [wa] [sa] [ka] – [nt]s[e] lk· /// |
|---|---|
| a2 | wa swe se tsai nwa ṣṣeṃ snai ya¯ ¯rm : [pe] [lykwa] [r]· /// /// k· – rsu pā· k· ke ktse ññi : mai yya wa /// |
| a3 | la reṃ śau¯ ¯l 30 tu ñi tā ka wa rks̝a[¯] [¯l] [e] [pre] [tñe] [a] /// /// [na] [wai] [pe] cce sa ī te po : mā¯ ¯s̝ tu pru tk· /// |
| a4 | ska stra ñi śau¯ ¯l ke ktse ñe srū ka lñe ṣṣe /// /// [ñ]ke tsre [m]a[¯] [¯r] [la] [reṃ] [sa] swa śkaṃ [meṃ] [:] ta rya śpā lmeṃ nau mye nta /// |
| a5 | llā wo e nte¯ ¯s̝ ka llau tu lkā tsi : sa mu· ta – /// /// [ñ]a¯ ¯ñm pa lā mai ñä¯ ¯ś tā ā rsau 30 2 ptā rka pwa llo ṅkna pa lska lñe nta [ñk]· /// |
| a6 | kre ntyā mo¯ ¯r e pya¯ ¯c : po twe ā¯ ¯rs̝t ñke ypau na kuṣai no klai na sa wa /// /// – lā ntaṃ ka lymi ññeṃ śle krā mā cä [nta] : ṣa¯ ¯ñä yā mo [rnta]¯ ¯ts wa wā yau ṅke ya¯ ¯t ñke /// |
| a7 | [30] – [ma] kte lwa sā ntso au ṣu waṃ¯ ¯ts ṣe sa lyu ke tra yṣī ye wai ptā /// /// [pr]· ntse ye nte [ka] ska nme ma¯ ¯nt ṣa¯ ¯ñä śā mna ke¯ ¯śä pte¯ ¯s tw[e] : ko¯ ¯s twe yṣwa rtā ka /// |
| a8 | (– –) – [ś]au¯ ¯[l] ka o ra¯ ¯ñcä tā ke ktse ño pwa le cci cai tā ka ñco 30 – /// /// [ṣṣī] su [wr]o tse yai ka ne pro skai : ye sa ñ[ra] ·[ā] ·ā ·o ·ā ·e ṣa¯ ¯ñä [ś]· /// |
| b1 | [r]s·¯ ¯s̝ ya kne saṃ sā rntse : me ntsi sa klau tko¯ ¯yä śau¯ ¯l wte ntse ke tra : /// /// [y]ke [po] staṃ 30 5 ne mñce¯ ¯k po ma nte ya l[yi] – [s]·· – ¯s [nau]¯ ¯s̝ ka [su] /// |
| b2 | kwa rñai : nau¯ ¯s̝ «su» plyā wa a lye ṅkaṃ ceṃ ña ke ce¯ ¯u we¯ ¯s pa lwā mo [a] /// /// ··e wa¯ ¯t klyau ṣā so : sklo kke tra nai mā tsa ṅkau [st]e kuse tne cmī tra mā srū ko /// |
| b3 | tu¯ ¯k saṃ sā¯ ¯r tsa kṣtra yke po staṃ pwā rsā ni tyā tṣe mā li pe tra ksa (–) /// /// ā [g]a [ta]nta mā śa nti nma ba la nma : ma nta [k]sa ca mpya srū ka lñe ta ṅt·i – /// |
| b4 | brā hma ṇi mā lā¯ ¯ñcä wro cci mā e tri 30 7 /// /// ·ka¯ ¯ñ[ä] [p]la ma sña ka rte : hā la ro na wai pe cce nta ṣa¯ ¯ñä [śa] mñā ṣ·· /// |
| b5 | tro ṅne e ne ṅka : mā wa cä mpau me śa le /// /// lñe ntsā¯ ¯ś pa [p]yā k[o]¯ ¯s̝ 30 8 mā su ksa l· pa ra ṅka s·ā[ṃ] /// |
| b6 | wai ptā¯ ¯r sa rwe cä¯ ¯n : ñä kcye rū psa [śā] mñ[e] rū [p]·· /// /// l·e – ·[o] [m]po staṃ ysā ra : kuse la kle sa śā w[ṣ]a te /// |
| b7 | 30 9 kuse wa¯ ¯t śā wṣa nte sa swe rṣṣā kā l[k]sa ce¯ ¯u k· /// /// [so¯] [¯yä] [tā] [kaṃ] – [¯k] – [ñye] /// |
| b8 | [se] mpe lye : mī ta· ·[yai] kne mā spa nte l[l]e mā rā lye [k]·· /// /// [mp]· – – [¯ñä] [śā] /// |
Transcription
| Xx | skre yāmu erkatte r·w= attsaik päst snai maiyya : |
|---|---|
| Xx | śem /// /// wasa kä(ṣṣi)ntse lk· /// a2n1 wa swese tsainwaṣṣeṃ snai yarm : |
| 30d | pelykwa r· /// /// k(eta)r su pā(l)k(a) kektseñ ñi : maiyya wa /// a3lareṃ śaul 30 |
| Xx | tu ñi tāka warkṣäl epretñe a /// /// na ; waipeccesa īte po : |
| 32a | mā ṣ tu prutk· /// a4skasträ ñi śaul kektseñe srūkalñeṣṣe /// /// ñke tsremar lareṃ säswaśkaṃmeṃ : |
| 32b | tarya śpālmeṃ naumyenta /// (:) |
| 32c | (ta)a5llāwon2 enteṣ ; kallau tu lkātsi : |
| 32d | samu(d)tä – – /// /// ñ añm palāmai ñäś tā ārsau 30-2 |
| 33a | ptārka pw alloṅkna ; palskalñenta ñk(e) ; /// a6n3 krent yāmor epyac : |
| 33b | po twe ārṣt ñke ypauna kuṣaino ; klaina säwa /// /// (:) |
| 34c | lāntäṃ kälymiññeṃ ; śle-k r= āmācänta : |
| 33d | ṣañ yāmorntats wawāyau ṅke ; yat ñke /// a730(-3) |
| 34b | mäkte lwasāntso ; auṣuwaṃts ṣesa ; lyuketrä yṣīye ; waiptā(r) /// /// ; pr(e)ntse yente käskanme ; mant ṣañ śāmna keś ptes twe : |
| 34c | kos twe yṣwar tāka ; /// a8– – (:) |
| 34d | śaul ka oräñ-c tā kektseño ; pw alecci cai tākañ-co 30(-4) |
| 35a | /// /// ṣṣī su wrotse ; yaikane proskai : |
| 35b | yesäñ ra ·ā ·ā ·o ·ā ·e ṣañ ś· /// ; (ma)b1rs(o)ṣn4 yakne saṃsārntse : |
| 35c | mentsisa klautkoy ; śaul wtentse ket ra : |
| 35d | /// /// yke postäṃ 30-5 |
| 36a | nemñcek po mante ; yalyi – s·· – s nauṣ ka su /// b2k warñai : |
| 36c | nauṣ su plyāwa alyeṅkäṃ ceṃ ; ñake ceu wes pälwāmo ; a /// /// ··e wat klyauṣāso : |
| 36d | sklok ket ra nai mā tsäṅkau ste ; kuse tne cmīträ mā srūko(y) (:) |
| 37a | (traidhā)b3tu-k saṃsār ; tsakṣträ yke postäṃ ; pwārs= ānityātṣe ; mā lipeträ ksa (:) |
| 37b | /// /// āgatänta ; mā śantinma balanma : |
| 37c | ma nta ksa campya ; srūkalñe taṅt(s)i (:) |
| 37d | /// b4brāhmaṇi ; mā lāñc wrocci mā etri 30-7 |
| 38a | /// /// ·kañ ; plamas-ñ akarte : |
| 38b | hā larona waipeccenta ; ṣañ śamñāṣ·· /// b5troṅne eneṅka : |
| 38d | mā wa cämpaume ; śale /// /// lñents= āś papyākoṣ 30-8 |
| 39a | mā su ksa l·pa ; raṅkas ·āṃ /// b6waiptār särwecän : |
| 39c | ñäkcye rūpsa śāmñe rūp(sa) ; /// /// l·e – · ; ompostäṃ ysāra : |
| 39d | kuse laklesa śāwṣate /// b730-9 |
| 40c | kuse wat śāwṣante ; säswerṣṣ= ākālksa ; ceu k· /// /// soy tākaṃ – k – ñye /// b8s= empelye : |
| * | mīta··y ··aikne mā späntelle mā r= ālyek·· ··/// /// mp· ·– (ṣa)ñ śā /// |
|---|
Translation
| a1 | having been severly mistreated the powerless one despaired. There came (Saṃghatrāta, [his] teacher) .... [29d]. He gave to the teacher (to see) ... |
|---|---|
| a2 | I let the rain of arrows flow without measure. I tortured ... (See) my body: strength and (force) ... |
| a3 | the dear life. [30d] That was my resolute power ... (The old fighters, the heroes) ... the countries (?), all full of possessions. But this is not shut/filled ... |
| a4 | [Being] smothered is my life [and] body (in the machine) of death. [31d] ... now I am being separated from [my] dear little sons, (from) the three excellent jewels ... |
| a5 | (I) unhappy one, and when will I get to see this [again]? (To rule the earth surrounded by) the ocean I praised myself, this [earth] I will leave. [32d] “Now give up all other imaginations, now (only) remember, (o king), |
| a6 | [your] good deed. If you leave everyone now, [your] countries, villages, women, sons, (the queen, politics?), the countless (possessions), the kings at the borders, equally also the ministers, you will still, led by your deeds, now go (to the other world). |
| a7 | [33d] Just like, if the animals [i.e. fireflies] keep together, the night glows, but if the animals keep apart, the wind scatters them in a moment, thus you [shall] judge your kinsmen. As long as you will be friendly ... |
| a8 | ... so soon as the life will leave this body, [so soon] they will all become strange[rs] to you.” [34d]. (Thus out of compassion to the king) the great teacher spoke [and] cast out the fear from him. Even from/by/of you ... (The attachment) to the kinsmen ... |
| b1 | [Have you] (forgotten) the way of the Saṃsāra? Should, because of sorrow, anyone’s life return a second time? ... one by one. [35d] Certainly you will all die. Already earlier the ... |
| b2 | somehow. Earlier this one lamented these others, now we lament him, (others will lament us (?). Whosoever you have seen), or of whoever you have heard, [in] nobody would likely have arisen an doubt, [that he,] who would be born here, |
| b3 | would not die. [36d] The threefold Saṃsāra burns away step by step in the fire of impermanence, nobody is left behind ... (no) medicine, no incantations [and magic] powers, nothing at all could hinder death. (No teacher (?), no) |
| b4 | Brahmans, no great kings, no heroes.” [37d] ... “(You dear little sons), sit down near (me). Alas, the dear possessions of the kinsmen, (hide them all?) |
| b5 | inside a cave. You I cannot yet together with ... by (death we all are ?) being struck on the head. [38d] Nobody is left behind, you ascend the king’s (chariot?) ... |
| b6 | different the shapes of existence (?). In divine shape, (in) human shape ... afterwards the drops of blood. Who lived in suffering ... |
| b7 | [39d] Or who lived in desire for sons, him ... ([to] whom) a son should be [born] ... |
| b8 | in the terrible (suffering). To go [is] a duty, one must not be confident, not either in another one ... The kinsmen ... |
Other
| a4 | ... jetzt werde ich getrennt von [meinen] lieben Söhnchen, (von) den drei herrlichen Kleinodien ... (Schmidt 1974: 116) |
|---|---|
| a5 | (Die vom) Ozean (umgebene Erde zu beherrschen?) rühmte ich mich selbst; diese [scil. Erde] verlasse ich [jetzt]. (Schmidt 1974: 317) |
| a6 | If you now give up all, [your] lands, villages, women, sons, queen, nay, [and your] countless possessions, [your] district kings and likewise [your] ministers, then you will now go, lead by your own deeds, to the other world. (cf : ii, 68–69) (Peyrot 2013b: 671) |
| a7 | Wie, wenn die Tiere [i.e. Leuchtkäfer] sich zusammenhalten, die Nacht leuchtet, (wenn aber die Tiere sich) getrennt (halten), im Augenblick der Wind sie zerstreut, so beurteile du deine Angehörigen. (Schmidt 1974: 119) |
| a7+ | [Just] as when the animals are dwelling together, the night will grow light, but, when (the animals) are dwelling apart, in an instant the wind scatters them, so pay attention to your relatives! As long as you will be friendly …, [but] as soon as life leaves your body, they will all be alien to you. (cf : ii, 69; 23–24) (Peyrot 2013b: 673) |
| b2 | Presumably nobody has got doubts whether who is born here would die. (Peyrot 2013b: 353) |
| b3 | Der dreifache Saṃsāra wird Schritt für Schritt durch das Feuer der Vergänglichkeit verbrannt, niemand bleibt übrig. (Schmidt 1974: 112, 258) |
| b6+ | Wer im Leid lebte ... oder welche im Wunsche nach Söhnen lebten, den ... (Schmidt 1974: 469) |
Commentary
Philological commentary
| The fragment part to right hand side of the missing portion is quite attrited, especially the lines b7 and b8. Here are some akṣaras that must have been readable at the previous transliteration, but which are not readable anymore. | |
| Contains strophes 29b-41b in a 20/22/10/15-syllable-metre (rhythm = a: 5/5/5/5, b: 8/7/7, c: 5/5, d: 8/7 or 7/8). The text is partly identical to THT 47. On the situation cf. the commentary to Dhp 201, Burlingame 1921, III: 73. The king of the Kausala, Prasenajit (here: Prasannaka) has been defeated in battle three times by his nephew Ajātaśatru, king of Magadha; he is ashamed of this and wants to renounce life. On the back story, see also THT 21. | |
| n1 | According to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 83 fn. 6 the reading tainwaṣṣeṃ should be corrected to tainwaṣṣe in the transcription. |
| n2 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 83 fn. 15 based on THT 47 b2. |
| n3 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 84 fn. 2 based on THT 47 b5. |
| n4 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 84 fn. 7. |
Remarks
| Two non-continuous fragments belonging to the same leaf; one is the left third of the leaf and bears unreadable remnants of a leaf number on the left verso margin. The other fragment is a badly damaged rest of the right half of the leaf, its right edge missing. |
Alternative linguistic/paleographic classifications
| Tamai 2011 | C3 |
| Tamai 2011 | C14 |
References
Online access
IDP: THT 46a, THT 46b; TITUS: THT 46
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 68-70; Sieg and Siegling 1983: 83-85 notes 216-218
Translations
Adams 2012a: a7 (23-24); Carling 2000: b4 b5 (343, 344), b6 (224), b7 (16); Hackstein 1995: a1 a2 (112), a2 (79), a3 (79), a4 (181), a7 (124, 200, 218), b3 (90); Krause 1952: a8 (205), b2 (52); Peyrot 2013b: a6 (671), a7 a8 (673), b2 (353); Schmidt 1974: a4 (116), a5 (317), a7 (119), b3 (112, 258), b6 b7 (469); Sieg and Siegling 1949: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 (II, 65-68); Sieg and Siegling 1983: a6 (217), a7 (217), b1 (217), b4 (218), b5 (218); Thomas 1952: b1 (40); Thomas 1954: a5 (716), b3 (723), b3 (749); Thomas 1957: a2 (183), a5 (183), b2 (227, 250), b3 (218), b6 (229), b7 (229); Thomas 1968: a7 (220); Thomas 1970a: b2 (466); Thomas 1979b: a5 (58), a6 (55), a6 (57), b2 (25), b2 (41); Thomas 1979d: a6 (165), b5 (160); Thomas 1983: a7 (20); Thomas 1997: a3 (98), a5=B47b3 (72), a6 (84), a8 (98), b1 (93), b6 (105)
Bibliography
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Burlingame, Eugene W. 1921. Buddhist legends. Translated from the original Pali text of the Dhammapada commentary. Vol. I: Introduction; Synopses; Translation of Books 1 and 2; Vol. II: Translation of Books 3 to 12; Vol. III: Translation of Books 13 to 26. The Harvard Oriental Studies 28-30. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktion der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Krause, Wolfgang. 1952. Westtocharische Grammatik, Band I. Das Verbum. Heidelberg: Winter.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
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Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1949. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B, Heft 1. Die Udānālaṅkāra-Fragmente. Text, Übersetzung und Glossar. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1983. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B. Teil I: Die Texte. Band 1. Fragmente Nr. 1-116 der Berliner Sammlung. Edited by Werner Thomas. Neubearbeitet und mit einem Kommentar nebst Register versehen v. Werner Thomas. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
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Thomas, Werner. 1952. Die tocharischen Verbaladjektive auf -l. Deutsche Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Institut für Orientforschung 9. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
Thomas, Werner. 1954. “Die Infinitive im Tocharischen.” In Asiatica. Festschrift Friedrich Weller. Zum 65. Geburtstag, gewidmet von seinen Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern, edited by Johannes Schubert and Ulrich Schneider, 701–64. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
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Thomas, Werner. 1970a. “Zu einigen Besonderheiten der tocharischen Syntax.” Orbis 19: 452–72.
Thomas, Werner. 1979b. Formale Besonderheiten in metrischen Texten des Tocharischen: Zur Verteilung von B tane/tne “hier” und B ñake/ñke “jetzt”. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 15. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
Thomas, Werner. 1979d. “Zur Verwendung von A śla, B śale, śle im Tocharischen.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 93: 150–73.
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Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
