THT 408
| Known as: | THT 408; B 408 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Adrian Musitz (translation). "THT 408". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht408 (accessed 25 Jun. 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Adrian Musitz (translation) |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Sengim |
| Expedition code: | T II S 03 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Unidentified story |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Jātaka/Avadāna |
| Verse/Prose: | prose; verse |
| Meter: | 444 (4x); 43434 (4x) |
Object | |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 7 |
Transliteration
| a1 | /// mā ne cau sā ṅka mpe ṣ· – – – – w· w· – ṣra¯ ¯mt śc· r· tsl[ā] nt· : /// |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// ya rke yā mṣi 3 kuse a lyai ks̝a¯ ¯p śpā lmeṃ śā mn· rā ja gri ṣṣi : brā hma ṇi kuse a mā cä nta o sta ṣme ñcaṃ ypo yi śā |
| a3 | /// ñco : wro nta ra mno sa mu dta¯ ¯rścä po yśiṃ¯ ¯ś ye ye[ṃ] 4 – – – [t]i yā kṣyā sū ri śle ga ndhā rvi : ā kti ke ra¯ ¯mt klu tka ṣṣi |
| a4 | yeṃ rī rā ja gri : yau ṣmau¯ ¯s̝ ye yeṃ ka tkau ñai sa ka lñi śai ṣṣe : te ra¯ ¯mt we ṣ·eṃ po yśi mñe – kau ñ·e pa rka 5 || te yä kne sa po yśiṃ ñe ṣṣe pi |
| a5 | ylai ña kteṃ tse ña kti śā mna lā¯ ¯ñcä a mā cä nta o sta ṣme ñcaṃ sā rtha vā ·i /// /// kci ya na śā mna na mṅkā |
| a6 | lnta sa ya rke ya ma ṣyeṃ • mā po yā ta lle śā mñe ka ntwa sa weṃ tsi : ku ce yä kne sa no /// |
| a7 | [pa] ne w·a ··ai ·e yeṃ saṃ sā ra ṣ[ṣ]e ka rkkā lle ·e se sī no s̝aṃ ne rvā /// |
| b1 | /// [pa] lta¯ ¯k kau – tra • tu ·e nā ksa te ta ko rsa /// |
| b2 | kuse ṣe ṣṣī rku : mā ga ta ṣṣeṃ¯ ¯ts ypau na ne po yśi ññe ṣṣe kau ñä kte [pā] kr· tā k· : a /// |
| b3 | swa ñcaiṃ tsa śa lā ki ke po yśiṃ ñe la ktse – – – kuce ce¯ ¯u ñyā ssa ri /// /// śau la [nma] s· l· r· na po |
| b4 | ai lñe nta po wa sa po ntaṃ¯ ¯ts wa sa : ce¯ ¯u ka lpo rmeṃ snau kī ce ī [t]· a ka lka lya kā n· t· ma nta pa lska : ña ke pre ke śai ṣṣe ntse ce ka |
| b5 | rt·au ·e ·e – – – – yā mtsi : 2 a knā – ññ· su rme sa kuse ce¯ ¯yä tā kaṃ lau ka ññe e¯ ¯śä la mo ṣo : ai śa mñe ṣṣe a ñcā ntsa ka rsa lñe ṣṣe |
| b6 | /// [l]·[e] ṣṣe kuse cai t[a] llā¯ ¯ñcä ti nā ntra to¯ ¯t lau ka ññe : pe lai kne ṣṣe wa rsā streṃ kle śa nma ṣṣe krā ke ceṃ¯ ¯ts po pa¯ ¯st lau |
| b7 | /// lau ka ññe : wa ste nta mā – – – l[y]ai ka ly[m]i e [ntw]e [cc]e mā ai ke ma¯ ¯r – – mñe – – – – – |
Transcription
| Xx | māne cau sāṅkämp= eṣ(s) – – – – w· w· – ṣ ramt śc(i)r(iṃ)ts lānt(e) : |
|---|---|
| 3d | /// a2 /// yarke yāmṣi 3 |
| Xx | kuse alyaik ṣäp śpālmeṃ śāmn(a) ; rājagriṣṣi : |
| Xx | brāhmaṇi kuse ; amācänta ; osta-ṣmeñcaṃ |
| 4c | ypoyi śā a3 /// ñco : |
| 4d | wronta ram no ; samudtärśc ; poyśiṃś yeyeṃ 4 |
| 5a | – – – ti ; yākṣy= āsūri ; śle gandhārvi : |
| 5b | āktike ramt ; klutkäṣṣia4yeṃ ; ; rī rājagri : |
| 5c | yauṣmauṣ yeyeṃ ; katkauñaisa ; kalñi śaiṣṣe : |
| 5d | te ramt weṣ(y)eṃ ; poyśimñe(ṣṣe) ; kauñ(kt)e parka 5 ॥ |
| * | te yäknesa poyśiṃñeṣṣepi |
|---|---|
| a5 | ylaiñakteṃtse ñakti śāmna lāñc amācänta osta-ṣmeñcaṃ sārthavā(h)i /// /// kciyana śāmnana m ṅkā¬ |
| a6 | lntasa yarke yamaṣyeṃ • mā po yātalle śāmñe kantwasa weṃtsi : kuce yäknesa no /// |
| a7 | päne w·a ··ai ·eyeṃ saṃsāräṣṣe kärkkālle(n)e sesīnoṣäṃ nervā /// |
| b1 | /// pältak kau – trä • tu (m)enāksa tetakorsa /// |
| b2 |
| 1a | kuse ṣeṣṣīrku : |
|---|---|
| Xx | māgatäṣṣeṃts ypaunane poyśiññeṣṣe kauñäkte pākr(i) tāk(a) : |
| Xx | a /// b3 swañcaiṃtsa śalāk= ike poyśiṃñe laktse – – – kuce ceu ñyāssa ri /// /// śaulanmas(a) l(a)r(o)na po b4 ailñenta po wasa pontaṃts wasa : |
| Xx | ceu kälpormeṃ snaukīce īt(e) akalk{†ä} lyakā-n(e) t(e) mant{†ä} palska : |
| 2d | ñake preke śaiṣṣentse ce käb5rt(s)au(ñ)e ·e – – – – yāmtsi : 2 |
| 3a | aknā(tsa)ññ(e) surmesa kuse cey tākaṃ laukaññe eś lämoṣo : |
| Xx | aiśamñeṣṣe añcāntsa karsalñeṣṣe b6 /// l·eṣṣe kuse cai tallāñc tinānträ tot laukaññe : |
| Xx | pelaikneṣṣe wars= āstreṃ kleśanmaṣṣe krāke ceṃts po päst lau b7 /// laukaññe : |
| * | waste nta mā – – – lyai kalymi entwecce mā aikemar – – mñe – – – – – |
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Translation
| a1 | ... together with the saṅgha... like of the king of the stars (= the moon)... |
|---|---|
| a1+ | ... he would honor... |
| a2 | And which other excellent people of Rājagṛha, which brahmins, mininsters, householders... countries... |
| a3 | They would go to the Buddha like water to the ocean. ... Yakṣas, Asuras and Gandharvas, would turn the city Rājagṛha wonderful, so to speak. |
| a4 | They would go forwards; the world would resound with happiness. They would say this: "The sun that is the Buddha has risen." |
| a4+ | In this way, gods, men, kings, ministers, householders, merchants, ... divine people (?) would honor the Indra of a Buddha with blessings. |
| a6 | It is not possible to say everything with a human tongue. |
| a6+ | In which way... |
| a7+ | Depressed in the Saṃsāra-lake... a drop... split (?)... |
| b1+ | Just like this, through touch... |
| b2 | ... who has surpassed... In the lands of Māgadha, the Buddha-sun has appeared. |
| b2+ | ... with rays, the bright... of the Buddha followed the place... |
| b3 | ... which... through desire... |
| b3+ | ... he gave all gifts dearer than all (his) lives. |
| b4 | He gave to all. Having obtained it, he saw the cherished (?) wish of him fulfilled (?) He thought thus: |
| b4+ | "Now is the time to do this good deed for the world." |
| b5 | Whoever has long been blinded by the cataract of ignorance, through the collyrium of wisdom... of knowledge... |
| b6 | Whoever has been dirty for so long, through the pure water of the law, the dirt of the Kleśas (will be washed) away for them completely. |
| b7 | I don't know entwecce... direction... refuge... |
Other
| a4 | Die Sonne/Sonnengott der Allerkennerschaft ist aufgegangen/hat sich erhoben. (Schmidt 1974: 73-4) |
|---|---|
| b2 | Le dieu soleil de l'omniscience apparut dans les régions des habitants du Magadha. (Meunier 2013: 133) |
| b5+ | Those who have been blinded for a long time by the stare of foolishness, (I will make them see?) … through the añjana make-up of wisdom and the … of knowledge … Those who are miserable … and have been staining themselves so long, I will wash off their kleśa dirt with the pure water of the law. (Peyrot 2013b: 667) |
Commentary
Remarks
| The original manuscript is missing. |
References
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1953: 272-274
Translations
Carling 2000: a3 (133, 234), b2 (102); Hackstein 1995: a7 (297); Krause 1952: a3 a4 (28), a4 (29), a6 (39), b3 (169); Meunier 2013: b2 (133); Peyrot 2013b: b5 b6 (667); Schmidt 1974: a4 (73f), a4 (73-4); Thomas 1952: a6 (37), b4 (61); Thomas 1954: a6 (742); Thomas 1957: a2 (47), a3 a4 a5 a6 (46), a4 (214), a7 (47), b2 (47, 270), b3 (229); Thomas 1968: a1 (214), a3 (212), a3 a4 (202), a4 (203); Thomas 1969: a4 (247), b2 (247); Thomas 1970: a3 (277); Thomas 1972: a5 (442), a5 a6 (451); Thomas 1976a: a3 a4 (73); Thomas 1977: a7 (112); Thomas 1979b: b4 (40); Thomas 1979d: a3 a4 (157); Thomas 1983: a3 (27); Thomas 1988: b5 (257); Thomas 1997: a6 (85), b3 b4 (110), b4 (90), b6 (116)
Bibliography
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktion der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Krause, Wolfgang. 1952. Westtocharische Grammatik, Band I. Das Verbum. Heidelberg: Winter.
Meunier, Fanny. 2013. “Typologie des locutions en yām- du tokharien.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 14: 123–85.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1953. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B, Heft 2. Fragmente Nr. 71-633. Edited by Werner Thomas. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Thomas, Werner. 1952. Die tocharischen Verbaladjektive auf -l. Deutsche Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Institut für Orientforschung 9. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
Thomas, Werner. 1954. “Die Infinitive im Tocharischen.” In Asiatica. Festschrift Friedrich Weller. Zum 65. Geburtstag, gewidmet von seinen Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern, edited by Johannes Schubert and Ulrich Schneider, 701–64. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1968. “Zur Verwendung von toch. A oki/B ramt und A mäṃtne/B mäkte in Vergleichen.” Orbis 17: 198–231.
Thomas, Werner. 1969. “Bemerkungen zum Gebrauch von toch. A ptāñkät [B pañäkte, pudñäkte], A koṃ [B kauṃ]: A koṃñkät [B kauṃñäkte] usw.” Orbis 18: 235–68.
Thomas, Werner. 1970. “Zu einer stilistischen Besonderheit im Tocharischen.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 84: 254–80.
Thomas, Werner. 1972. “Zweigliedrige Wortverbindungen im Tocharischen.” Orbis 21: 429–70.
Thomas, Werner. 1976a. “Zu Konjunktion yo und Instrumentalaffix -yo in Tocharisch A.” Indogermanische Forschungen 80: 71–79.
Thomas, Werner. 1977. “Ein weiteres tocharisches Udānavarga-Fragment.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 90: 104–13.
Thomas, Werner. 1979b. Formale Besonderheiten in metrischen Texten des Tocharischen: Zur Verteilung von B tane/tne “hier” und B ñake/ñke “jetzt”. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 15. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
Thomas, Werner. 1979d. “Zur Verwendung von A śla, B śale, śle im Tocharischen.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 93: 150–73.
Thomas, Werner. 1983. Der tocharische Obliquus im Sinne eines Akkusativs der Richtung. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 6. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
Thomas, Werner. 1988. “Toch. AB säm-/läm- ‘sitzen’ in transitivem Gebrauch.” Central Asiatic Journal 32: 244–59.
Thomas, Werner. 1997. Interpretationsprobleme im Tocharischen. Unflektiertes A puk, B po “ganz, all, jeder”. Vol. 3. SbWGF, XXXV. Stuttgart: Steiner.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
