THT 1108
| Known as: | THT 1108; KVāc 16 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Hannes A. Fellner; Theresa Illés (collaborator). "THT 1108". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht1108 (accessed 12 May 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Hannes A. Fellner; Theresa Illés (collaborator) |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Unknown |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | Skt.; TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Karmavācanā |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Vinaya |
| Verse/Prose: | prose |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | THT 1102-1125 |
| Preceding fragment: | THT 1107 |
| Following fragment: | THT 1109 |
| Material: | ink on wood tablet |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Size (h × w): | 5.6 × 29 cm |
| Number of lines: | 5 |
Images
Images from idp.bbaw.de by courtesy of the International Dunhuang Project Berlin, the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Orientabteilung.
Transliteration
(continues from THT 1107)
| a1 | sā rtsä mṣe ñca na po yśi pa ñi kte pa – ·[t]· /// /// lyka ce nne nau ṣa ñi pa ñi kti piṃ twā tw[ä] rpā nte lya ka ce pā |
|---|---|
| a2 | trai [y]ne ce ne o mpo staṃ tsa ṅka lyi [wa] rpa na ntra ly[e] c· – – – – – pa ñi kte ma kte pā trai eṃ ksa te te¯ ¯k• a ka lyṣa lyeṃ tsyā tka |
| a3 | te p· tr· e ṅk· – – [s] – ¯r· t· sa śau¯ ¯l• śa wa ṣä le sta rc· kwri ya kte [s]ke y·ṃ ka piṃ twā ta śwā tsi ka llā ta wä rpa na le mā |
| a4 | no ka l·ā ta tā [p]ā [tr]ai – y· [s]ka ṣ[ṣ]ä le sta rcä mā śwā tsi tse pe rne sa śau lśai yñe ṣpa rka ṣä le sta rc[ä] pā trai no te ce ya ma |
| a5 | – – – – – e ṅka(·) (–) ñca s·e te ka ṣpa ñ· ·e p· l·o ne pyā mtsa rma k[t]e te pā tro śu ke e ṅka ṣṣe ñca ste tai sa ñi¯ ¯ś pa pā ṣo |
| b1 | – – – – – – ṣṣe ñca tā k[o] ymä kre ntau na¯ ¯ts• [p]·· [r]· – [k]· yma || [t]· ña ke pre· [s]·· ta¯ ¯ñ• sā pā tro po ñce ñi ai śai te pyā mtsa¯ ¯r• śau la su ñi¯ ¯ś |
| b2 | – [ñ]e mts· tā pā trai pru ca mñai e ṅka ske ma¯ ¯r• so lmī yai pā trai rṣā ka ññe bha jaṃ te ta rya we ṣä le || ta ve daṃ pā traṃ po¯ ¯ñ• ma ma sa ma nvā ha rā yu ṣmā· |
| b3 | a ha mi tthaṃ nā ma i daṃ pā traṃ pā ri bho gi ka ma dhi ti ṣṭhā pa ri pū rṇaṃ pā traṃ ṛ ṣi bhā ja na¯ ¯m• e vaṃ dvi ra pi tṛ ra pi || ña ke u pā dhyā |
| b4 | ye ya ska ṣa le sta rcaṃ te ra no p[o] yśi pa ñi kte ka ṣṣi tse [y]ai· ·au· – – – [ṃ]· – tya ma lye pi o no lme tse u pā dhyā ye ya ska ṣä le kā tsi ce |
| b5 | pa ñi kte pre ke sa ku śa la mū la ci o no· ·ī – ·eṃ /// /// [r]· ṇā ga mtsa : wa sa npā tya ma ṣṣe re ke te tu śca ku¯ ¯ś la mu la nta |
(continues on THT 1109)
Transcription
(continues from THT 1107)
| * | (saṃ)¬ |
|---|---|
| a1 | sārn1n2n3n4 tsämṣeñcana poyśi pañikte pa – ·t· /// /// lykacenne nauṣañi pañikti piṃtwāt wärpānte lyakace pā¬ |
| a2 | traiynen5n6 cene ompostaṃ tsaṅkalyi warpananträ lyec· – – – – – pañikte makte pātrai eṃksate te-k akalyṣalyeṃts yātka |
| a3 | n7 te p(ā)tr(o) eṅk(aṣalya) s(ta)r(-c) t(ai)sa śaul śawaṣäle star-c(ä) kwri yakte-skey(e)ṃ ka piṃtwātä śwātsi källātä wärpanale mā |
| a4 | n8n9 no käl(l)ātä tā pātrai(sa) y(a)skaṣṣäle star-cä mā śwātsitse pernesa śaul śaiyñe ṣparkäṣäle star-cä pātrai no te ce yama¬ |
| a5 | (lyñesa)n10 – – – – – eṅka(ṣṣe)ñca s(t)e te ka ṣpä ñ(ak)e p(a)l(sk)one pyāmtsar mäkte te pātro śuke eṅkaṣṣeñca ste taisa ñiś papāṣo¬ |
| b1 | (rñe)n11n12 – – – – (eṅka)ṣṣeñca tākoymä krentaunats p(āt)r(o) (tā)kymä ॥ t(e) ñake pre(k)s(au-c) tañ sā pātro poñ ce ñi aiśai te pyāmtsar śaulasu ñiś |
| b2 | n12n13n14 (te) ñemts(a) tā pātrai prucamñai eṅkaskemar solmīyai pātrai rṣākäññe bhajaṃ te tarya weṣäle ॥ |
| * | tavedaṃ pātraṃ poñ mama samanvāharāyuṣmā(ṃ) |
|---|
| * | aham itthaṃnāma idaṃ pātraṃ pāribhogikam adhitiṣṭhā paripūrṇaṃ pātraṃ ṛṣibhājanam evaṃ dvir api tṛr api |
|---|
| * | ॥ ñake upādhyā¬ |
|---|---|
| b4 | yen16n17n18 yaskaṣale star-caṃ te rano poyśi pañikte käṣṣitse yai(tk)au(rsa) (wasa)ṃ(pā)t yamalyepi onolmetse upādhyāye yaskaṣäle kātsi ce |
| b5 | n19n20n21 pañikte prekesa kuśalamūläci ono(lm)ī – ·eṃ /// /// r·ṇāgamtsa : wasanpāt yamaṣṣ{e→a}re kete tuśca kuślamulänta |
(continues on THT 1109)
Translation
(continues from THT 1107)
| a1 | [they] increase the [stay in the] saṃsāra. The Omniscient, the Buddha, (ate [his] alms food from a bowl(?)). ... From bowls(?) (also) the earlier Buddhas ate alms food, |
|---|---|
| a1+ | [and] from a bowl(?), the eating bowl, the [Buddhas] to arise later [will eat their alms food]. ... |
| a2 | The Buddha himself seized the eating bowl [and] just this [he] commanded [his] pupils [to do]. |
| a3 | Therefore (you shall) seize the eating bowl. Thus you shall earn [your] living: If with little effort you may acquire alms food to eat, [you shall] consume [it]; |
| a3+ | [if,] however, [you do] not acquire [it in this way], you shall beg for [it] (with) this eating bowl. |
| a4 | But you shall not, for the sake of food, let fade away [this way of] earning [your] livelihood. |
| a4+ | For (in order to(?)) do this (the monk?) seizes the eating bowl. |
| a5 | And this now do in your mind: |
| a5+ | Just like the eating bowl seizes the essence [rasa], just so I wish (to seize the bowl of) moral conduct |
| b1 | [and] be a bowl [vessel] of virtues! This (I) now ask (you): [Is] this your eating bowl? Say: [Yes, it is] mine. Pay heed to this, venerable one! |
| b1+ | I, N.N., seize this excellent eating bowl, an eating bowl undamaged, a vessel for ṛṣis. |
| b2 | This [must] be said thrice. [These words must be repeated in Skt.]: [Is] this your eating bowl? Say: [Yes, it is] mine. Pay heed to this, venerable one! |
| b3 | I, N.N., seize this excellent eating bowl, an eating bowl undamaged, a vessel for ṛṣis. Thus a second [and] a third time. |
| b3+ | Now you shall ask for a teacher [upādhyāya]. |
| b4 | Thus also the being to be ordained, (at the) bidding of the Omniscient, the Buddha, shall ask for a teacher. Why this? |
| b4+ | Because at the time of the Buddha, the beings which were equipped with the roots of good [kuśalamūlāni] (went from the house) [and] were ordained (without a teacher), [only] (by the threefold) taking (of refuge). |
| b5 | These that had therefore gathered the roots of good |
(continues on THT 1109)
Commentary
Philological commentary
| The supplementation and commentaries follow Schmidt 1986: 14, 16, 133. | |
| TB: tañ sā pātro ... ñi aiśai te pyāmtsar śaulasu ñiś (te)-ñemts(a) tā pātrai prucamñai eṅkaskemar solmīyai pātrai rṣākäññe bhajaṃ | |
| Skt.: tav=edaṃ pātraṃ ... mama samanvāhar=āyuṣmā(ṃ) aham itthaṃnāma idaṃ pātraṃ pāribhogikam adhitiṣṭhā(mi) paripūrṇaṃ pātraṃ ṛṣibhājanam | |
| n3 | The gap contains about 8 akṣaras. |
| n4 | lykacenne should be read thus rather than lyka cenne. |
| n12 | The TB translation precedes the text of the Skt. model (lines b2-3). The two versions are conforming exactly: |
| n16 | On ñake upādhyāye yaskaṣale cf. Upasampadājñaptiḥ, p.8, 11 tataḥ paścād upādhyāyo yācitavyaḥ. |
| n21 | The gap contains about 8 akṣaras. |
Remarks
| According to Schmidt 1986 iv-v the ms. comes either from Qizil or from Tumšuq. | |
| From this leaf the full width is preserved, consisting of 10 pieces. To the right of the string hole lines a1-2 are missing over a stretch of about 7 and 4 cm respectively. | |
| The original ms. was 29 cm wide and 5.6 cm high, with the string hole 6.5 cm from the left margin. It was written by at least three hands: scribe 1, a beautiful, delicate script, from leaf 1 to 11 a1; scribe 2, distinguished by a number of orthographical idiosyncrasies/errors, from leaf 11 a1 to and including 19; scribe 3 from leaf 20 to end. The final leaves A and B THT 1123 and THT 1124 may have been written either by scribe 2 or a fourth hand. Cf. Schmidt 1986: v, 2, 4 | |
| The leaf is in hand 2. |
Linguistic commentary
| n1 | pañikte for pañäkte; nauṣañi for nauṣaññi; pañikti for pañäkti; piṃtwāt for pintwāt. |
|---|---|
| n2 | lykace (Obl.Sg.; lykacenne Loc.Pl.), name for a vessel, perhaps ‘bowl (?), cup(?)’. |
| n5 | ompostaṃ for ompostäṃ; warpananträ for wärpanantär; pañikte for pañäkte; eṃksate for eṅksate; akalyṣalyeṃts for akalṣälyeṃts. |
| n6 | warpananträ sic! for wärpananträ. |
| n7 | eṅkaṣalya for eṅkaṣälya; śawaṣäle for śawaṣṣälle; star-cä for star-c; piṃtwātä for pintwāt; källātä for källāt; wärpanale for wärpanalle. |
| n8 | källātä for källāt; yaskaṣṣäle for yaskaṣṣälle; star-cä for star-c; śaiyñe for śailñe; ṣparkäṣäle for ṣpärkaṣṣälle; star-cä for star-c. |
| n9 | The last word in this line must be a case form of the abstract noun yamalyñe, most likely the perlative yamalyñesa (as supplemented). |
| n10 | papāṣorñe for papāṣṣorñe. |
| n11 | tākoymä for tākoym; krentaunaṃts for krentaunats; tākymä for tākoym; śaulasu for śaulassu. |
| n13 | weṣäle for weṣṣälle; prucamñai for pruccamñai; solmīyai for solmiyai. |
| n14 | prucamñaim Obl.Sg.Fem. of pruccamo ‘excellent’ (cf. THT 1122 b2). This ms. so far contains the only attestations of TB forms of the adj. pruccamo (= TA pruccamo). |
| n15 | adhitiṣṭhā is to be corrected to adhitiṣṭhāmi. |
| n17 | yaskaṣale for yaskaṣṣälle; star-caṃ for star-cä for star-c; pañikte for pañäkte; käṣṣitse for käṣṣintse; yaitkaursa for yaitkorsa; onolmetse for onolmentse; yaskaṣäle for yaskaṣṣälle; kātsi for kāttsi. |
| n18 | starcaṃ sic! Should be corrected to starcä (for starc). yaitkaursa sic! for yaitkorsa. |
| n19 | pañikte for pañäkte ; onolmī for onolmi; wasanpāt for wasaṃpāt; kuślamulänta for kuśalamūlänta. |
| n20 | yamaṣṣere sic! Scribal error for yamaṣṣare. tuśca sic! for tuścä (= tuśc). r·ṇāgamtsa most likely to be corrected and supplemented to (triśa)r(a)ṇagamtsa. kuś\lamulänta sic! for kuśalamulänta. |
References
Online access
IDP: THT 1108; TITUS: THT 1108
Edition
Tamai 2014: 373-374; Tamai 2007a: №1108; Schmidt 1986: 14-15, 48-49
Translations
Schmidt 1986: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 (79-81); Tamai 2014: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 (373-374)
Bibliography
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1986. “Fragmente eines buddhistischen Ordinationsrituals in westtocharischer Sprache. Aus der Schule der Sarvāstivādins. Text, Übersetzung, Anmerkungen und Indizes.” Habilitation.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2007a. “A preliminary edition of unpublished texts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” Thesaurus indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan collection. 2007. http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/tht.htm.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2014. “The Tocharian Karmavācanā.” Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology (ARIRIAB) at Soka University for the Academic Year 2013 17: 365–94.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
