SI 3491
| Known as: | SI 3491; SI P 117; SI P/117 |
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| Cite this page as: | Adrian Musitz. "SI 3491". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-si3491 (accessed 12 Dec. 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Adrian Musitz |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Kucha |
| Collection: | Institute of Oriental Manuscripts (St. Petersburg) |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | late |
| Script: | cursive |
Text contents | |
| Text genre: | Non-literary |
| Text subgenre: | Letter |
| Verse/Prose: | prose |
Object | |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Scroll |
| Size (h × w): | 40.0 × 29.2 cm |
| Number of lines: | 12 |
Transliteration
| a1 | 20 1 kṣu ntsa yā śe lā nti pa [ṣpi] ku lne o kta ñce i kaṃ ṣe ne ypo ymo ko wrau po ypo |
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| a2 | yntse ā rta rsa śwā ra pwā ra ne śau mo ṣe pau śye lau pu tkā¯ ¯r cai mo kṣa rā mṣe pu wa¯ ¯rśä |
| a3 | śā mna | ke re ntsi le | kke rci pi le | ptu mpa rre | ca ti le | mi kki ṣo ne | ykāṃ¯ ¯[n]ä | kwa |
| a4 | ppa le | śa ṅka le | ke rca pi śke | ke pau ti le | ca pe śa kke | ke pau ti le | ci tre |
| a5 | | pu tta mi tre | so ta rkā ne | mi trai yśe | la ra ci we | o kta le | pu ñi caṃ ndre | «sa» «ṅkau» «pte» |
| a6 | |ke pau ti le | ta rma se ne | [ku] mpā nti śke | ku tsa wa [n]e pu ta mi tre | pa lā ke | ci [n]a se |
| a7 | ne | mi kki nai yśe | ñwe na kke | |
| a8 | cai kwa ñye pu wa rne śā mna | cau ki le | pu lu śke | ma la kke | wrau | ci na te we | ka |
| a9 | cci nā¯ ¯k wrau | ko lti | pa laṃ nte | ś[i] ṅki śke | ke rca pi śke | o rto nā¯ ¯k ś«†k»i ṅki |
| a10 | śke | pu ñyi se ne | ma śu [t]a | a pā rṣe wrau | la ru [t]ti | ko ppe sa le | la re ssa |
| a11 | le | sa ṅka tā se | ca mi¯ ¯l | – – mpai yśe | pi [s]su re | pe rnau | pu ttai yśe | śi |
| a12 | ṅklo | [n]a wa rā – [|] ca pe¯ ¯ś | ca se ne | |
Transcription
| a1 | 20-1 kṣuntsa yāśe lānti paṣ pikulne oktañce ikäṃ ṣene ypoy moko wrau po ypo¬ |
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| a2 | ¬yntse ārtarsa śwāra pwārane śaumoṣe pauśye lau putkār cai mokṣarāmṣe puwarś |
| a3 | śāmna । kerentsile । kkercipilen1 । ptumparre । catile । mikkiṣone । ykāṃn । kwa¬ |
| a4 | ¬ppalen2 । śaṅkale । kercapiśke । kepautile । capeśakke । kepautile । citre |
| a5 | । puttamitre । sotärkāne । mitraiyśe । laraciwe । oktale । puñicaṃndre । saṅkaupte |
| a6 | । kepautile । tarmasene । kumpāntiśke । kutsawane putamitre । palāk(k)e । cinase¬ |
| a7 | ¬ne । mikkinaiyśe । ñwenakke । |
| a8 | cai kwañye puwarne śāmna । caukile । puluśke । malakke । wrau । cinatewe । ka¬ |
| a9 | ¬ccināk wrau । kolti । palaṃnte । śiṅkiśke । kercapiśke । ortonāk śiṅki¬ |
| a10 | ¬śke । puñyisene । maśuta । apārṣe wrau । larutti । koppesalen3 । laressa¬ |
| a11 | ¬le । saṅkatāse । camil । – mpaiyśe । pissure । pernau । puttaiyśe । śi¬ |
| a12 | ¬ṅklo । nawarā – । capeś । casene । |
Translation
| a1 | In regnal year 21 of king Yāśe, in the year of the rabbit, (in the) eighth (month), on day twenty one, the prefect (and) the Wrau |
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| a2 | with the aknowledgment of the whole prefecture (?) distributed the personal service at the beacons. These (are the people) for the Mokṣarām-beacon: |
| a8 | These (are) the people in at the beacon of the post station: |
Commentary
Philological commentary
| n1 | Note the peculiar onomastic pattern where forms in -śke have a form in -le beside them, e.g. in this case, kercapiśke and kkercipile, cf. also kumpāntiśke (a6 in this document) vs. kumpantile (Kz-181-ZS-Z-01), kepautiśke (PK LC 26 a1, SI 5874 a7) vs. kepautile (a4 and a6 in this document). Note also the form korośkilenmeṃ, in which both suffixes are present. |
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| n2 | This name could have some relationship to kwañpe śiṅkro in SI 1877 a3, with -ñp- assimilating to -pp- and the onommastic suffix -le being added. |
| n3 | Maybe originally *kompesale, related to kompile (PK DA M 507.19 a13)? If we compare laressale (a10-11 in this document), we might reconstruct an adjective *kompe of unknown meaning, on which both koppesale and kompile are based. |
Alternative linguistic/paleographic classifications
| Peyrot 2008 | C |
| Tamai 2011 | C14 |
References
Image
Edition
Ching 2010: 139, 419, 444; Ching 2017: 386-387; Pinault 1998
Bibliography
Ching, Chao-jung. 2010. “Secular documents in Tocharian: Buddhist economy and society in the Kucha region.” PhD, Paris: École Pratique des Hautes Études.
Ching, Chao-jung. 2017. 吐火罗语世俗文献与古代龟兹历史 – Tocharian secular texts and the history of Ancient Kucha. Beijing: Peking University Press.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2008. Variation and change in Tocharian B. Vol. 15. Leiden Studies in Indo-European. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi.
Pinault, Georges-Jean. 1998. “Economic and administrative documents in Tocharian B from the Berezovsky and Petrovsky collections.” Manuscripta Orientalia 4/4: 3–20.
Takata, Tokio, Kyoto National Museum, and The Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences, eds. 2009. シルクロード文字を辿って : ロシア探検隊収集の文物 – On the trail of texts along the Silk Road: Russian expeditions discoveries of manuscripts in Central Asia. Kyoto: Kyōto-Kokuritsu-Hakubutsukan.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2011. Paläographische Untersuchungen zum B-Tocharischen. Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 138. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen.
