SHT 1121

Known as:	SHT 1121
Cite this page as:	"SHT 1121". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-sht1121 (accessed 25 Jan. 2026).
Provenience
Main find spot:	Murtuk
Expedition code:	T III M 135
Collection:	Berlin Turfan Collection
Language and Script
Language:	Skt.; TB
Text contents
Text genre:	Literary
Text subgenre:	Gloss
Verse/Prose:	prose
Object
Material:	ink on paper
Form:	Poṭhī
Size (h × w):	9 × 18.5 cm
Number of lines:	5

Images

Images from idp.bbaw.de by courtesy of the International Dunhuang Project Berlin, the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Orientabteilung.

Transliteration

b1	kla tse [ma] [n]· – unread [ś]· ·e [ma] ne¯ ¯t[s]

Transcription

b1	klätseman(ets) unread ś(auk)emanets

Translation

b1	of those who drive ... of those who shout

Commentary

Linguistic commentary

*	Malzahn 2007b: 305 reads klaṅsā(–), but the second akṣara is probably tse with a very developed top of the t. The restoration of the final part is inspired by the following gloss, where at least the last akṣaras are clear. The root may be that of 3sg.prs.mid. THT 3: a3 kalṣtär, 3pl.prs.mid. THT 3: a4 kältsenträ, traditionally set up as kälts- 'threaten', on the assumption that klätseman(ets) is simply a misspelling of kältsemanets, similar to THT 1524: b3 präkare 'long' fpr pärkare (Peyrot 2010b: 136). However, the meaning is now commonly set up as 'goad, drive' (Malzahn 2010: 590-1; Adams 2013a: 181), and it may eventually be the same verb as kǝl- 'carry' (Peyrot 2013b: 736). The simplest solution seems to assume that the Tocharian glossator took prativah- in the menaing 'lead towards' (cf. Monier-Williams 1899: 670a). Apparently, he understood the Sanskrit pt.ptc. as active; in principle, klätseman(ets) cannot mean 'of those who are are driven'. It should be noted that the Tocharian present participle is normally indeclinable: the gen.pl. ending here can be compared to rare genitive singulars that are calques on Sanskrit (Peyrot 2013a: 237).
*	Of the second gloss, only the ending can be read with relative certainty, while the root is essentially illegible. Assuming that pratikruś- was taken as 'shout at' (cf. kruś- 'cry out' etc.), the glos could be restored as ś(auk)emanets (on the gen.pl. see note above on klätseman(ets)). However, it must be pointed out that the uncertain reading of the [ś]· is the only indication for this restoration: it has to be assumed that any trace of the vowel sign au has been completey abraded.

Malzahn 2007b: 305 reads klaṅsā(–), but the second akṣara is probably tse with a very developed top of the t. The restoration of the final part is inspired by the following gloss, where at least the last akṣaras are clear. The root may be that of 3sg.prs.mid. THT 3: a3 kalṣtär, 3pl.prs.mid. THT 3: a4 kältsenträ, traditionally set up as kälts- 'threaten', on the assumption that klätseman(ets) is simply a misspelling of kältsemanets, similar to THT 1524: b3 präkare 'long' fpr pärkare (Peyrot 2010b: 136). However, the meaning is now commonly set up as 'goad, drive' (Malzahn 2010: 590-1; Adams 2013a: 181), and it may eventually be the same verb as kǝl- 'carry' (Peyrot 2013b: 736). The simplest solution seems to assume that the Tocharian glossator took prativah- in the menaing 'lead towards' (cf. Monier-Williams 1899: 670a). Apparently, he understood the Sanskrit pt.ptc. as active; in principle, klätseman(ets) cannot mean 'of those who are are driven'. It should be noted that the Tocharian present participle is normally indeclinable: the gen.pl. ending here can be compared to rare genitive singulars that are calques on Sanskrit (Peyrot 2013a: 237).

Of the second gloss, only the ending can be read with relative certainty, while the root is essentially illegible. Assuming that pratikruś- was taken as 'shout at' (cf. kruś- 'cry out' etc.), the glos could be restored as ś(auk)emanets (on the gen.pl. see note above on klätseman(ets)). However, it must be pointed out that the uncertain reading of the [ś]· is the only indication for this restoration: it has to be assumed that any trace of the vowel sign au has been completey abraded.

Philological commentary

*	The first item gloses Skt. prativahatāṃ (gen.pl.masc.) 'of the rejected' (Bechert and Waldschmidt 1973: III, 181a).
*	The second item glosses Skt. pratikrośatāṃ 'of the scorned, the rejected'.

Remarks

*	The fragment has to be reversed compared to the edition in Sander and Waldschmidt 1985: 116; see Wille 2000: 195.

References

other

Peyrot 2014: 133, 149-50; Malzahn 2007b: 305

Online access

IDP: SHT 1121

Bibliography

Adams 2013a

Adams, Douglas Q. 2013a. A dictionary of Tocharian B. Revised and greatly enlarged. 2nd ed. 2 vols. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi.

Bechert and Waldschmidt 1973

Bechert, Heinz, and Ernst Waldschmidt. 1973. Sanskrit-Wörterbuch der buddhistischen Texte aus den Turfan-Funden. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

IDP

“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.

Malzahn 2007b

Malzahn, Melanie. 2007b. “A preliminary survey of the Tocharian glosses in the Berlin Turfan Collection.” In Instrumenta Tocharica, edited by Melanie Malzahn, 301–19. Heidelberg: Winter.

Malzahn 2010

Malzahn, Melanie. 2010. The Tocharian verbal system. Leiden/Boston: Brill.

Monier-Williams 1899

Monier-Williams, Monier. 1899. A Sanskrit-English dictionary. Etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages. new edition, greatly enlarged and improved, London: Clarendon Press (several reprints).

Peyrot 2010b

Peyrot, Michaël. 2010b. “Proto-Tocharian syntax and the status of Tocharian A.” Journal of Indo-European Studies 38: 132–46.

Peyrot 2013a

Peyrot, Michaël. 2013a. “Review of: The Tocharian Verbal System.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 14: 213–59.

Peyrot 2013b

Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.

Peyrot 2014

Peyrot, Michaël. 2014. “Notes on Tocharian glosses and colophons in Sanskrit manuscripts I.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 15: 131–79.

Sander and Waldschmidt 1985

Sander, Lore, and Ernst Waldschmidt. 1985. Sanskrithandschriften aus den Turfanfunden. Teil 5. Die Katalognummern 1015–1201 und 63 vorweggenommene höhere Nummern. Vol. 10, 5. Verzeichnis der orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland. Wiesbaden: Steiner.

Wille 2000

Wille, Klaus. 2000. Sanskrithandschriften aus den Turfanfunden. Teil 8. Die Katalognummern 1800–1999. Vol. 8. Verzeichnis der orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland 10. Stuttgart: Steiner.