IOL Toch 1244
| Known as: | IOL Toch 1244; IOL Toch 809; Tb 112 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Michaël Peyrot. "IOL Toch 1244". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-ioltoch1244 (accessed 19 Apr. 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Michaël Peyrot |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Unknown |
| Collection: | British Library (London) |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | Skt.; TB |
| Linguistic stage: | archaic |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Udānavarga |
| Passage: | 20.13d-20.20a |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Doctrine |
| Verse/Prose: | prose |
Object | |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Size (h × w): | 5.0 × 6.0 cm |
Images
Images from idp.bl.uk by courtesy of the International Dunhuang Project and the British Library.
Transliteration
| a1 | /// – /// |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// ·[k]· – [l]·i ñä ṣt[ra] – /// |
| a3 | /// ai [rṣai] [tsa] ññe ·e (–) – – /// |
| a4 | /// [kṣ]· nti mi hā hu rā rya • ·e /// |
| a5 | /// – [•] [w]e r·i· ·ṃ ·[e] /// /// – ·ṣ· [m]· sk[e] • kro dhā – /// |
| a6 | /// [t]y· va de nna ca kru ·e /// |
| a7 | /// – ryu kta • wä nta rwa /// |
| b1 | /// k[ut]e meṃ śco no • dā nt· /// |
| b2 | /// [s]·i pra jā na ta ḥ • [ś]·· /// |
| b3 | /// n· • kus· ·c· [n]· ·[c]· (–) ·[y]· [t]· /// /// – ··ṃ – nä no • kru ·e /// |
| b4 | /// ye¯ ¯t• [w]e ta wai me ne yu [k]· /// |
| b5 | /// – lai nä ka rttse w[ñ]e – (– –) – /// |
| b6 | /// 10 9 a kru dha – /// |
| b7 | /// – /// |
Transcription
| a1 | /// – /// |
|---|---|
| a2 | n1 /// ·k· – l·i ñäṣträ – /// |
| a3 | n2 /// airṣaitsäññe ·e – – – /// |
| a4 | n3 /// kṣ(ā)ntim ihāhur ārya • ·e /// |
| a5 | n4n5 /// – • wer(ts)i(ya)ṃ(n)e /// /// – · ṣ(e)m(e)ske • krodhā(bhibhūtaḥ) /// |
| a6 | n6 /// (sa)ty(aṃ) vaden na ca kru(dhy)e(t) /// |
| a7 | n7 /// (tribhi)r yukta • wäntärwa(sa) /// |
| b1 | n8 /// kutemeṃ ścono • dānt(asya) /// |
| b2 | n9n10 /// (nā)s(t)i prajānataḥ • ś(cono) /// |
| b3 | n11n12 /// n· • kus(e) (ś)c(o)n(aiś)c(ä) – ·y· t· /// /// – ··ṃ – näno • kru(ddh)e(ṣv) /// |
| b4 | n13 /// (ja)yet weta waimene yuk(atsi) /// |
| b5 | n14 /// (yo)lainä kärttsewñe(sa) – – – /// |
| b6 | n15 /// 10-9 akrudha(sya) /// |
| b7 | /// – /// |
Translation
| a1 | ... |
|---|---|
| a2 | [TB] (who) endures (reproach) |
| a3 | [TB] (and for reasons of) impetuosity, (to a fellow man) |
| a4 | [SKT] the wise call that (the highest form of) endurance |
| a5 | [TB] in assemblies (or) privately [SKT] (when man is overcome) by anger |
| a6 | [SKT] one should speak what is true, one should not be angry |
| a7 | [SKT] provided with these three (things) [TB] (provided with these three) things |
| b1 | [TB] from where could anger come (to the tranquil man) [SKT] who is restrained (and lives in balance?) |
| b2 | [SKT] for him who understands, there is no (anger) [TB] (for him who understands, there is no) anger |
| b3 | [TB] he who, being angered, becomes angry in return [SKT] (but who is not angered) with [others’] angers |
| b4 | [SKT] he would win (a fight that is difficult to win) [TB] (he would win) a fight that is difficult to win |
| b5 | [TB] (one should overcome) evil with the good |
| b6 | [SKT] (from where could anger come) to him who is not angry |
| b7 | ... |
Commentary
Linguistic commentary
| The fragment is archaic because it shows ä for class. a (/ə́/) and ew for class. au: ñäṣträ a2; wäntärwa(sa) a7 kärttsewñe(sa) b5. |
Parallel texts
| Bernhard 1965: 273-276; Chakravarti 1930: 255-257; Hahn 2007: 71-72 |
Remarks
| The fragments IOL Toch 809 and IOL Toch 1244 belong to the same leaf: IOL Toch 1244 a5 (the last line) is continued by IOL Toch 809 a5 (the first line), and IOL Toch 809 b3 (the last line) continues IOL Toch 1244 b3 (the first line). Since the precise wording of the Tocharian text in both instances is not known, it is not feasible to reconstruct an image or to count out the number of missing syllables, if any. |
Philological commentary
| n1 | Uv.20.13d yo ’tivākyaṃ titīkṣati |
|---|---|
| n2 | Uv.20.14b saṃrambhahetoḥ sadṛśasya caiva |
| n3 | Uv.20.14d tām uttamāṃ kṣāntim ihāhur āryāḥ. We find ārya for regular āryāḥ, but note that the pausa visarga is not written in this manuscript: it lacks in a5 for mithaḥ (– • instead), in a7 for yuktaḥ (yukta • instead) and in b3 for punaḥ (n· • instead). |
| n4 | Uv.20.15b-c pariṣatsv atha vā mithaḥ / krodhābhibhūtaḥ puruṣaḥ |
| n5 | The reading of this line is particularly uncertain (and changed slightly compared to Peyrot 2008a: 103), since in IOL Toch 1244 only the upper part of some akṣaras is visible, and in IOL Toch 809 only the lower. As I do not know how to restore the whole line, the number of missing syllables is uncertain; it is possible that the last e-vowel of IOL Toch 1244 belongs to (the first akṣara of) ṣemeske on IOL Toch 809. |
| n6 | Uv.20.16a satyaṃ vaden na ca krudhyed |
| n7 | Uv.20.16c sthānair ebhis tribhir yukto |
| n8 | Uv.20.17a-b śāntasya hi kutaḥ krodho dāntasya samajīvinaḥ |
| n9 | Uv.20.17d krodho nāsti prajānataḥ |
| n10 | traces of the c and the o of ścono can be seen, too. |
| n11 | Uv.20.18b-c yaḥ kruddhe krudhyate punaḥ | kruddheṣv akruddhamānas tu |
| n12 | On IOL Toch 809, a little piece from the recto is flipped over at the left. I do not know how to restore this line either, so the number of missing akṣaras, if any, is uncertain. In Peyrot 2008a: 104 I had reconstructed a loc.sg. (ś)c(o)n(aine), which is not in accordance with the manuscript traces: what seems to be [c] (the line is going slightly up) suggests rather an all.sg. (ś)c(o)n(aiś)c(ä). |
| n13 | Uv.20.18d saṃgrāmaṃ durjayaṃ jayet |
| n14 | Uv.20.19b asādhuṃ sādhunā jayet |
| n15 | Uv.20.20a akruddhasya kutaḥ krodho, here apparently akrudha(sya). |
Alternative linguistic/paleographic classifications
| Peyrot 2008 | A2 |
| Tamai 2011 | C14 |
References
Online access
IDP: IOL Toch 809, IOL Toch 1244
Edition
Tamai 2007: №1244; Peyrot 2007: №809; Peyrot 2008a: 103-104
Bibliography
Bernhard, Franz. 1965. Udānavarga. Band I, Einleitung, Beschreibung der Handschriften, Textausgabe, Bibliographie. Sanskrittexte aus den Turfanfunden 10. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht.
Chakravarti, Niranjan Prasad. 1930. L‘Udānavarga sanskrit, Texte sanscrit en transcription, avec traduction et annotations, suivi d‘une étude critique et de planches. Tome premier (Chapitres I à XXI). Paris: Geuthner.
Hahn, Michael. 2007. Vom rechten Leben, Buddhistische Lehren aus Indien und Tibet, Aus dem Sanskrit und aus dem Tibetischen übersetzt und herausgegeben. Frankfurt am Main/Leipzig: Verlag der Weltreligionen (im Insel Verlag).
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2007. “An edition of the Tocharian fragments IOL Toch 1 – IOL Toch 822 in the India Office Library.” International Dunhuang Project. 2007. http://idp.bl.uk/database/oo_cat.a4d?shortref=Peyrot_2007.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2008. Variation and change in Tocharian B. Vol. 15. Leiden Studies in Indo-European. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2008a. “More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udānavarga fragments.” Indogermanische Forschungen 113: 83–125.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2007. “An edition of the Tocharian fragments IOL Toch 853 – IOL Toch 1247 in the India Office Library, London.” The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online. 2007. http://idp.bl.uk/database/oo_cat.a4d?shortref=Tamai_2007.
Tamai, Tatsushi. 2011. Paläographische Untersuchungen zum B-Tocharischen. Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 138. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen.
