A 65
| Known as: | A 65; THT 698 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Gerd Carling; Georges-Jean Pinault; Melanie Malzahn; Adrian Musitz (collaborator). "A 65". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-a65 (accessed 16 May 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Gerd Carling; Georges-Jean Pinault; Melanie Malzahn; Adrian Musitz (collaborator) |
| Date of online publication: | 2014-05-31 |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Specific find spot: | Stadthöhle |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 69.01 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TA |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Mūghapakkha-Jātaka |
| Passage: | i |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Jātaka/Avadāna |
| Verse/Prose: | prose; verse |
| Meter: | 43434 (4x); 4343 (4x); 5555 (1x), 444343 (1x), 55 (1x), 4443 (1x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | A 55-88 |
| Preceding fragment: | A 64 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 6 |
Images
Images from titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de by courtesy of the Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS).
Transliteration
(continues from A 64)
| a1 | /// tsmā śo¯ ¯s̝• : pñi ntwi sso ko ni ṣpa lntu tā ke ñcpe nu nu to¯ ¯nt• śo lmā śkaṃ s̝ta mse¯ ¯ñcä : ā la¯ ¯k• śo l[i] |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// [n]u śo¯ ¯l• ṣtma ssi ṣu¯ ¯rm• : ā mpu¯ ¯k• ā re¯ ¯ñcä sa mtri¯ ¯t• ṣu¯ ¯rm s̝a ññā¯ ¯k• wla ssi wra sa śśi ā rki śo ṣṣaṃ : 1 |
| a3 | /// pe nu tri wä knā ma ska ta¯ ¯r• • sa¯ ¯s• ṣñi ā ñme¯ ¯s• ske ysā wä lla s̝ta¯ ¯r• • wä¯ ¯t• ā lu ske ysā • tri¯ ¯t• |
| a4 | /// ysā wä lla s̝ta¯ ¯r• ta mnu ma¯ ¯nt• wä knā • || yä ṅkre yaṃ || ṣñā yme ske ysā ma tne na ṣtā pa¯ ¯rk wlaṃ ṣe sne śwā |
| a5 | /// [wa] tku rā na¯ ¯s̝• wlaṃ ṣā we : tma¯ ¯k• ṣñi ske ysā tma¯ ¯k• ā lu tri cäṃ lo tkā wla lu ne : ce ṣwu sa ssa stri wä knā śo lka |
| a6 | /// klyu ṣu ra s̝wä ltra ṅka¯ ¯s̝• nā ta kse mā ñi cwaṃ ko lu ne ṣi i me ṣe¯ ¯s̝• • ṣñi ke knu cu we na ṣli smo sa nna tsna¯ ¯s̝• |
| b1 | /// (·)[ka]¯ ¯s̝• kā su pā ca rmā ā ṣāṃ na¯ ¯s̝t• ka rpiṃ wla lu ne ā lu ka llā tsi pa lkā rnā ta¯ ¯k• • || de va da tte naṃ || yu kā |
| b2 | /// skyā lñä¯ ¯l• puk(·) sśo ltsa kṣa¯ ¯nt• wla lu ne : pu¯ ¯k• ā kā lntu spa rkṣa¯ ¯nt• ka ltso wra ske o ki śo lsu mnā¯ ¯nt• sā mu dro |
| b3 | /// tka ṣi maṃ ntra ṣiṃ ta mpe : pā ṭā llo ki sne pa¯ ¯ts• ma ntnu kā ru ṇi kca¯ ¯m• ā lu kli¯ ¯s̝• : 1 || wä ltra ṅka ṣkā ru |
| b4 | /// ññā ñi ku cne tu wsā rpa lko ra ṣwe ñā¯ ¯s̝t• ku ppre ne tsmā raṃ mā tā ppu stā¯ ¯s̝• ma ntnu wsā¯ ¯r• tsmā raṃ tā |
| b5 | /// ka rsnā lsaṃ wra¯ ¯m• kuya lte yu sā rpra ṣṭā wra so¯ ¯m• wsā rtā pa¯ ¯s̝• ku cne tma¯ ¯s̝• o ko ka lpā ltā¯ ¯s̝• ca msa |
| b6 | /// ·ā ppu ssā¯ ¯m• wsā rma ska ta¯ ¯r• • ta mka klyu ṣu ra¯ ¯s̝• wä ltra ṅka¯ ¯s̝• o te ta preṃ knā nmāṃ ma śki¯ ¯t• ā ṣāṃ |
Transcription
(continues from A 64)
| 1a | (nu)a1(täṣ)n1 (pñi) ; (pñintwis) (ārlu);(neyo) (nu) ; (ṣakk) (a)ts mā śoṣ : |
|---|---|
| 1b | pñintwiss oko ; niṣpalntu ; tākeñc penu ; nutont śol ; mā śkaṃ ṣtämseñc : |
| 1c | ālak śolia2(s) ; (ṣurm) (nāṃtsu) ; (wrasaśśi) (ā,lak) (pe)nu ; śol ṣtmässi ṣurm : |
| 1d | āmpuk āreñc ; säm trit ṣurm ; ṣäññā-k wlässi ; wrasaśśi ; ārkiśoṣṣaṃ : 1 |
| a3 | (skāyluneyo) (wlalune) penu tri wäknā mäskatär • sas ṣñi āñmes skeysā wälläṣtär • wät ālu skeysā • trit |
|---|---|
| a4 | n2 (penu) (āmpine) (ske)ysā wälläṣtär täm nu mänt wäknā • ॥ yäṅkreyaṃ ॥ |
| 1a | ṣñ= āyme skeysā ; mätne näṣ ; tāpärk wläṃṣe ; sne śwāa5(tsi) |
|---|---|
| 1b | (tämne-k) (ālu) ; (skeysā) (tñi) ; watkurā näṣ ; wläṃṣāwe : |
| 1c | tm-äk ṣñi skeysā ; tm-äk ālu ; tricäṃ lotkā ; wlalune : |
| 1d | ceṣ wu sas sas ; tri wäknā ; śol käa6(rṣtālu,neyäntu) (:) (1) (॥) |
| * | (täm) (ka)klyuṣuräṣ wäl träṅkäṣ nātäk se mā ñi cwaṃ koluneṣi ime ṣeṣ • ṣñikek nu cu wenäṣlis mosann ats näṣ |
|---|---|
| b1 | n3n4 (cu) (kossi) (wotkā) (•) (mäśkit) (träṅ)käṣ kāsu pācar mā āṣāṃ naṣt kärpiṃ wlalune ālu källātsi pälkār nātäk • ॥ devadattenaṃ ॥ |
| 1a | yukāb2(l)n4n5 (mā) (wlalune) ; – – – – – ; (mā)sky= ālñäl puk(i)s śol ; tsäkṣant wlalune : |
|---|---|
| 1b | puk ākālntu ; spärkṣant kältso ; wraske oki ; śol sumnānt ; sāmudr ob3(ki)n5n5 ; (asinät) (:) |
| 1c | (katuṣant) (sāṃ)tkaṣi ; maṃnträṣiṃ tampe : |
| 1d | pāṭāll oki ; sne päts mänt nu ; kāruṇik cam ; ālu kliṣ : 1 ॥ |
| * | wäl träṅkäṣ kāru¬ |
|---|---|
| b4 | (ṇik) (nātäk) (se) (pākṣi)ññā-ñi kuc ne tu wsār pälkoräṣ weñāṣt kupprene tsmāraṃ mā tāppus tāṣ mänt nu wsār tsmāraṃ tā¬ |
| b5 | (ppus)n6 (tākiṣ) (•) (mäśkit) (träṅkäṣ) (mā) (māski) kärsnāl saṃ wram kuyalte yusār praṣṭā wrasom wsār tāpaṣ kucne tmäṣ oko kälpāl tāṣ cam sä¬ |
| b6 | (m) (neṣā) (tāppu) (tāk) (tämyo) (tsmāraṃ) (t)āppus sām wsār mäskatär • täm kaklyuṣuräṣ wäl träṅkäṣ ote täpreṃ knānmāṃ mäśkit āṣāṃ |
Translation
(continues from A 64)
| a1 | (the merit,) (but with the cessation of merits) he certainly does not live (anymore). [Although] possessions are the fruit of merits, [if they have] disappeared they will no longer sustain life. |
|---|---|
| a1+ | One thing (is the) (cause) of life (of the beings, another thing) [is] the cause of the sustainment of life. |
| a2 | [If] both (causes) cease, [then] this is the third cause of dying in a natural way, for the beings in the world. 1. |
| a3 | (Death by effort), too, is three-fold. First, one dies through the efforts of oneself; second, [one dies] through the efforts of others; |
| a3+ | third, (however,) [one] dies through the efforts (of both). |
| a4 | And that in which way? » In [the tune] yäṅkre: |
| a4+ | «Just like I was dying by the efforts of [my] own self, without food, (just so) I was dying (through the efforts of others) on (your) command. |
| a5 | By one’s own efforts as well as [by the efforts] of others, [this is] death of the third kind. |
| a5+ | These two, each three-fold, [are] (the cutting off) of life.» |
| a6 | (1.) Having heard (that), the king says: »Oh lord, [my] son, in your case I did not have the intention of killing you. |
| a6+ | Rather, only for the sake of making you speak I (ordered) (to kill you.) |
| b1 | (The prince) says: «[You] good father, you are not worthy to bring the mean death to others. See, oh lord! » In [the tune] devadatta: |
| b1+ | «(Death) cannot be vanquished, ... ; |
| b2 | death [which] burns the life of everybody [is] difficult to keep away, |
| b2+ | destroying all wishes [and] taking the life like an oppressive sickness, like the ocean (insatiable, ridiculing) the power of cure [and] charm, bottomless as the underworld. |
| b3 | How could a compassionate one ever bring this [= death] onto others?» 1. The king says: |
| b3+ | «Oh compassionate (lord, [my] son, exp)lain me what you said concerning the wheat: |
| b4 | «If it is not consumed from the root.» |
| b4+ | But how (could) the wheat be (consumed) from the root?» |
| b5 | (The prince says:) «This matter [is] (not difficult) to understand. |
| b5+ | For, [if] a being consumes [already] the wheat during the season [of harvest], the fruit which he might have been able to obtain from it, he has eaten [it] (already) before. |
| b6 | (Therefore) this wheat has been consumed (from the root).» Having heard that, the king says: «Oh, what a wise prince, worthy ... |
Other
| a1 | Even though possessions are the fruit of merits, they do not [re-]establish life when it has perished. (Peyrot 2013b: 261) |
|---|---|
| a2 | If both [scil. the merit, which causes life, and the possessions, which retain life] cease, that is the third cause for the beings in the world to die in a natural way. (Peyrot 2013b: 643) |
| a3+ | Der eine stirbt durch die Bemühungen des eigenen Selbstes, der zweite durch die Bemühungen der anderen, der dritte (indessen) stirbt durch die Bemühungen (beider). (Schmidt 1974: 113) |
| b1+ | [Du] guter Vater, du darfst den gemeinen Tod nicht anderen bringen. Sieh, o Herr: Im [Metrum] Devadatta || (Un)besiegbar ([ist] der Tod), ... schwer fernzuhalten [und] jedem das Leben raubend [ist] der Tod; alle Wünsche zunichte machend, wie eine drohende Krankheit das Leben nehmend, wie der Ozean (unersättlich), ...(spottend(?) der Kraft des Heilmittels [und] des Zauberspruchs, bodenlos wie die Unterwelt. Wie könnte den wohl ein Mitleidiger anderen bringen? (Schmidt 1974: 191-2, 388-9) |
| b4 | if it is not consumed at the root … (cf 26) (Peyrot 2013b: 648) |
| b5 | Because if a being consumes the grain in the season, the fruit that he might have been able to obtain from it, … (Peyrot 2013b: 277) |
Commentary
Remarks
| Transcription and references have been transferred from the "Text and Reference Database of the Tocharian A Language" (Gerd Carling Lund University) (funded by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and SCAS). | |
| Transcription and translation are based on Carling et al. 2009. | |
| This text immediately continues from A 64. |
Philological commentary
| The translation is largely based on Sieg 1952: 24-25, and Carling et al. 2009. | |
| n1 | This tune has 4x18 syllables, rhythm 7/7/4. |
| n2 | This tune has 4x14 syllables, rhythm 7/7. |
| n3 | The restoration of the nt-participle katuṣant (with metrical reduction) from the verb katw- 'to ridicule' is based on Sieg [and Siegling's] suggestion to translate "spottend (?)". |
| n4 | This tune has 20/22/10/15 syllables, rhythm a=5/5/5/5, b=8/7/7, c=5/5, d=8/7. |
| n5 | Note that the syntactic division does not always fit the colon division, e.g. kältso ; wraske and mänt nu ; kāruṇik. |
| n6 | For the correct syntactic interpretation and restoration, cf. Peyrot 2013b: 277 with ref. |
References
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1921: 37-38; Sieg and Siegling 1921 p. 37, p. 38
Translations
Carling 2000: a2 (85), b5 (286); Hackstein 1995: b2 (141, 214f, 301); Knoll 1996: b1 (19, 42, 46), b3 (121), b6 (46); Kölver 1965: a5 (58, 59), b5 (43); Peyrot 2013b: a1 (261), a2 (643), b2 (842), b4 (648), b5 (277); Schmidt 1974: a3 a4 (113), b1 b2 b3 (191f), b1 b2 b3 (191-2, 388-9), b2 b3 (388f); Sieg 1952: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 (25-26); Thomas 1952: a6 (53), b2 (31), b5 (42); Thomas 1954: a2 (733), a2 (733), b1 (743); Thomas 1957: a4 a5 (78), b3 b4 (227), b6 (253); Thomas 1968: a4 a5 (221); Thomas 1976a: b5 (76)
Bibliography
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktion der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Carling, Gerd, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Werner Winter. 2009. A dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: Letters a-j. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Knoll, Gabriele. 1996. “Die Verwendungsweisen der Adjektive im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Kölver, Bernhard. 1965. “Der Gebrauch der sekundären Kasus im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil. 1952. Übersetzungen aus dem Tocharischen II, aus dem Nachlass hg. v. Werner Thomas. Abhandl. d. Deutschen Akad. d. Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Kl. f. Sprachen, Literatur und Kunst 1. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Personal annotated copy of Wilhelm Siegling. Scanned by Douglas Q. Adams with the technical assistance of Michael Tarabulski and Kevin Dobbins. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Thomas, Werner. 1952. Die tocharischen Verbaladjektive auf -l. Deutsche Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Institut für Orientforschung 9. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
Thomas, Werner. 1954. “Die Infinitive im Tocharischen.” In Asiatica. Festschrift Friedrich Weller. Zum 65. Geburtstag, gewidmet von seinen Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern, edited by Johannes Schubert and Ulrich Schneider, 701–64. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1968. “Zur Verwendung von toch. A oki/B ramt und A mäṃtne/B mäkte in Vergleichen.” Orbis 17: 198–231.
Thomas, Werner. 1976a. “Zu Konjunktion yo und Instrumentalaffix -yo in Tocharisch A.” Indogermanische Forschungen 80: 71–79.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
