A 340
| Known as: | A 340; THT 974 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Gerd Carling. "A 340". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-a340 (accessed 04 May 2024). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Gerd Carling |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Specific find spot: | Stadthöhle |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 92.36, T III Š 79.12 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TA |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Koṭikarṇa-Avadāna |
| Passage: | a |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Jātaka/Avadāna |
| Verse/Prose: | verse |
| Meter: | M20_22_10_15 |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | koṭikarṇa |
| Following fragment: | A 341 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 9 |
Transliteration
| a1 | /// |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// ṣṭy[o] ru ko¯ ¯s̝ klo – – – tā ·wsu ·mū· l· ññ[o] [k]· /// |
| a3 | /// ma ś[wā] tsi ṣyā kā lyo kā pa rymā rpa lskā¯ ¯nt kā ru ṇi kwra so¯ ¯m /// /// klo pwi ka ssi ye¯ ¯ñcä p[i]¯ ¯ś ko ṭi [ka] |
| a4 | /// : [pa] s̝a¯ ¯m śwā tsi pa s̝a mnā ta¯ ¯k pwi kā¯ ¯m klo pca¯ ¯s̝ [k]· /// /// ma tta kna[¯] [¯]s̝ ka śśi ya¯ ¯s s̝ta¯ ¯s̝ pra ksa¯ – |
| a5 | /// m[p]re tā ñli tko ṣṣo ki ā mpye saṃ ṣā tre nā ntsū¯ ¯s̝ klā¯ ¯r tka n· (– – – –) kuci ṣṣa śśi ā ri¯ ¯ñcä pa ltsa¯ ¯k tñi pre teṃ ri yä¯ ¯s̝ śwā tsi |
| a6 | /// [¯s] 70 9 wä ltsa ntyo pū klā ka tko¯ ¯nt na mtā pa¯ ¯rk śwā tsi yi sño mwa (– – –) [¯]·[s] klyo ṣā ma¯ ¯s : śwā tsi pa lko mā o pyā cnä mmā ne |
| a7 | /// [rtñ]· e ssi : ā yä ntwā ṣi ñi kure kā ri o ki : ka ṣtyo ā sū ṣṣñi lya ly·· [n]·[ā] pru tko ṣri yaṃ a ñcwā ṣṣāṃ 80 a ntu s̝ka¯ ¯lk wä ccāṃ a |
| a8 | /// wä rwä – – wä rpa rma ṅkyo lcä rtma ṣpr[e] tā ñwä ltsa ntu yo ā rwa¯ ¯r ymāṃ ṣū ṅka¯ ¯cä e ntsu[¯] [¯s̝] (– –) ññā¯ ¯s : kā ru ṇi knā ta¯ ¯k pa s̝a mwä ryo ktsi : |
| a9 | /// [¯r] [80]-[1] [s]·[e] pa rma¯ ¯ṅk pre tā¯ ¯ñä we ñā rṣo kyo n[ū] mā ski ka lpā¯ ¯l w· mp· (– – – –) s̝a : ta rkra [ṣw]· ntu sū māṃ tā ke¯ ¯ñcä wa sā kā |
| b1 | /// ·m· – – – ślo ta ṅkā¯ ¯s̝ : ṣñye ntsyo y· mu¯ ¯nt lya lypa ntwā (– – – – –) ·tñi wr[ā] yi ma¯ ¯s 80 2 lo ta¯ ¯k tma s̝pa lko |
| b2 | /// [ā] [kā] lyo : mā wä rka lpā¯ ¯t s[t]ā mi spa ltwā ra swā¯ ¯t ta mtā[¯] [¯p] tā mwṣe ca¯ ¯m (– –) ·p· raṃ o ṅkyo kuli : ra rku¯ ¯nt ā sā nā lmo ṣpā kä |
| b3 | /// suku ntu wä rpā¯ ¯nt ñä kciṃ [p]a¯ ¯l 80 3 lyo ka¯ ¯t wṣe ślā sāṃ na ka¯ ¯t kuli tmā¯ ¯k kū pā ka rtā (– –) tska pśño e mpe le : e ntsā¯ ¯t o ṅkaṃ śā yū o ki |
| b4 | /// [¯ṅk] ta trū sāṃ : tā paṃ śā mā naṃ ko ṭi ka rṇe ta¯ ¯m : pa lkā¯ ¯t mro ska[¯] [¯t] (– – –) ¯k sā¯ ¯k tā¯ ¯m wṣe ta mne¯ ¯k pa lkā¯ ¯t nuna¯ ¯k 80 4 |
| b5 | /// tñi lya lypu o ṣe ñi ñka tto ki pla nttā¯ ¯r : yko nā klo pa¯ ¯nt ñ· (– – –) [l]kā¯ ¯t we ñāṃ o¯ ¯ṅk sa¯ ¯m kña sa ṣtu vā sa va grāṃ ṣū k[ṣ]·aṃ |
| b6 | /// mpe le : sa¯ ¯m nä ṣtā mpra¯ ¯s̝t ṣe mkā ru ṇyo kā tyā ya ne we ñā (– – – – – – –) ¯s̝ plo ta kma lka rteṃ mā na¯ ¯s̝ tswe we ñā |
| b7 | /// o ṣeṃ pkā mā rśi kṣā pa tmaṃ tne tma kyo kmā nka tā¯ ¯r : o ṣe /// /// wā śo¯ ¯śä tmi – ¯s̝ o ko pa rsā tsaṃ – |
| b8 | /// lkā¯ ¯t ykoṃ pā ka [r]·· – – ṅka k·i [ā] sā [n]a : ñä kc[y]a /// |
| b9 | /// [n]e ·āṃ nā [ma] /// |
(continues on A 341)
Transcription
| a1 | /// |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// (ka)ṣṭyo rukoṣ klo(pantyo) (śkaṃ) tā(t)wsu· mū·l·ññ ok· /// |
| a3 | /// |
| 78a | (klyoṣār) (pretāñ) (tä)m«†ä» ; śwātsiṣy ākālyo ; kāpar ymār pälskānt ; kāruṇik wrasom |
|---|
| /// /// klop wikässi yeñc piś koṭika- | |
| a4 | -(rṇe) /// |
| ñäkcya /// | |
| b9 | /// ne·āṃ nāmä /// |
(continues on A 341)
Translation
| a1+ | ... emaciated by hunger (and) glowing (with) suffering like ... |
|---|---|
| a3 | This the pretas heard. In their wish for food they soon became full of greed. They thought: a compassionate being (is offering us food (?)) ... They went to banish [their] suffering [, saying]: |
| a3+ | Let us go, Koṭikarṇa ... |
| a4 | ... give us food, give us, oh lord, banish from us this suffering; (we [are] hungry.) (78.) (Koṭikarṇa said:) I [am] hungry myself; |
| a4+ | from you I [would] beg such. |
| a5 | ... Immediately the Pretas fell to earth as if struck, being slack in both shoulders, (asking him:) (oh lord,) whence [comes] your idea [to ...] from the Preta-city food ... |
| a6 | 79. In [their] thousands the years have passed on us, the word “food” we have (not) heard (at all). We do not remember anyone who has seen food; |
| a6+ | not before |
| a7 | ... (We are not able (?)) to give to you, [we who are] like skeletons dried from starving and for the reason of our own deeds imprisoned in the iron city. 80. |
| a7+ | Then he went (to) a second (iron city). |
| a8 | He stepped into the gate and called in a loud voice: water, water! Hoping for water the pretas went out, approaching in [their] thousands, taking up a body [posture] towards their throats: "Oh merciful master, give us water to drink!" |
| a9 | 81. Without hope the pretas said: Truly, a thing very difficult to achieve [has] (been asked for by us). |
| a9+ | If out of compassion with us water is raining from the cloud, ... |
| b1 | ... the [clear] sky comes back again immediately. By the reason of our deeds committed due to our miserliness (we [are] pretas). Whence should we give you water? 82. |
| b1+ | Thereupon he turned away [and] saw (a palāśa-tree.) |
| b2 | (He went towards it) yearning (for water). He found no water; he pulled off the leaves of the tree. These he ate. In the night there appeared beside the (tree) a man and a woman, sitting on couch spread there |
| b3 | ... [and] relished in blessings of the heavenly kind. 83. The night became bright; the woman disappeared together with the bed and instead a dog appeared, with a great body, a horrifying [one]. He snatched at the man like a ... (?) |
| b4 | ... He tore open the cavity (of his belly) [and] ate him alive. Koṭikarṇa saw it [and] was disgusted. All the same he remained. At night he saw just that [again]. 84 |
| b5 | (Koṭikarṇa now asked the man: what was) your deed? By night you regale yourself like a king, by day you see hellish sufferings. The man said to him: |
| b5+ | did you know (the butcher) in the village Vāsagrāma? |
| b6 | (Koṭikarṇa affirmed this and the man continued: There was a butcher there), a cruel [one]. This one was I then. Because of pity Kātyāyana said (to me:) (85.) Turn away (from killing sheep,) [my] dear! I did not obey. |
| b6+ | I said: |
| b7 | (This is my profession, I live by it. He said: Then kill by day), [but] by night keep the moral, so that you will not perish by that same thing! By night (I kept the moral,) (by day) I killed sheep. This is the effect of that. |
| b7+ | He asked: (Where do you want to go? and indicated to him the way to Vāsavagrāma. ) |
| b8 | (On the way) by day he saw (a second palāśa-tree), [and] a man [and] a woman appeared on a couch. |
| b8+ | Heavenly ... |
(continues on A 341)
Other
| a3 | In dem Wunsche nach Essen wurden sie [scil. die Pretas] schnell begierig. (Schmidt 1974: 146) |
|---|---|
| a4 | Ich [bin] selbst hungrig; von euch erbitte ich dieses. (Schmidt 1974: 376) |
| a9 | If out of compassion with us water is raining from the cloud, … (Peyrot 2013b: 643) |
| b1 | … the [clear] sky comes back again. (Peyrot 2013b: 643) |
| b2 | Er [scil. Koṭikarṇa] fand kein Wasser, er riss sich die Blätter des Baumes ab. Das aß er. (Schmidt 1974: 437) |
| b3 | ... genossen Glücksgüter nach himmlischer Art. (Schmidt 1974: 200) |
| b3 | Die Nacht wurde hell; zugleich mit dem Ruhebett verschwand die Frau. (Schmidt 1974: 127, 138) |
| b4 | Koṭikarṇa sah das [und] ekelte sich. (Schmidt 1974: 161) |
| b5 | Bei Nacht ergötzest du dich wie ein Gott, bei Tage siehst du h(öllische) Leiden. (Schmidt 1974: 143, 194) |
| b6 | Aus Mitleid sprach Kātyāyana (zu mir: "Vom Schafetöten) kehre um, [mein] Lieber!" Ich aber fügte mich nicht. Ich sagte: ("Das ist mein Gewerbe, ich lebe davon." (Schmidt 1974: 492) |
| b7 | Keep the moral by night, so that you will not perish by that same thing! (Peyrot 2013b: 264) |
| b7 | Bei Nacht bewahre die Moralvorschrift! (Schmidt 1974: 399) |
Commentary
Remarks
| Transcription and references have been transferred from the "Text and Reference Database of the Tocharian A Language" (Gerd Carling Lund University) (funded by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and SCAS). | |
| Transcription and translation are based on Carling et al. 2009. | |
| Line a1 is lost. | |
| This text is immediately followed by A 341. |
Philological commentary
| The translation is largely based on Sieg, Übers. II: 37-39, and Carling, DThTA. | |
| Cf. the Chinese version in Chavannes 1911: II.237ff., which is much closer to the Tocharian version here than is the Sanskrit version of the Divyāvadāna. | |
| The metre has 20/22/10/15 syllables, rhythm 5/5/5/5 + 8/7/7 + 5/5 + 8/7. |
References
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1921: 186-187; Sieg and Siegling 1921 p. 186, p. 187
Translations
Adams 2012a: b3 (25); Carling 2000: a6 (404), a7 (161), a8 (203), b2 (303), b4 (303), b5 (163), b6 (284); Hackstein 1995: a2 (349), a4 (74), a6 (279), b1 (47), b3 (86, 125, 163), b5 (274, 327), b7 (54); Knoll 1996: a4 (32), a5 (28), a7 (77, 87, 98), a9 (144, 146), b3 (70, 95); Kölver 1965: a3 (15), a4 (137), a7 (27, 53), a8 (15, 17, 88), a9 (137), b2 (35), b3 (18), b5 (26, 122, 140), b7 (26); TEB II: b7 (33); Meunier 2013: a6 (149); Peyrot 2012a: a5 (202); Peyrot 2013b: a9 (643), b1 (643), b7 (264); Schmidt 1974: a3 (146 n.1), a3 (146), a4 (376), b2 (437), b3 (127f, 138, 200), b3 (200), b3 (127, 138), b4 (143, 161), b4 (161), b5 (194), b5 (143, 194), b6 (492), b7 (399); Sieg 1952: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 (37-38); Thomas 1954: a3 (713), a3 (759), a6 (759), a8 (729), a8 (758); Thomas 1957: a3 (129), a5 (129), a6 (216, 246), a7 (129), a8 (129), a9 (130), b1 (130), b2 (130), b3 (130), b4 (130), b5 (130), b6 (238 n.5), b7 (72), b8 (130); Thomas 1967: b2 (267); Thomas 1967c: b2 (180); Thomas 1968: b3 (201), b5 (201); Thomas 1969c: b3 (200), b4 (201), b5 (202); Thomas 1972: b2 (430), b5 (453); Thomas 1973a: a8 (165); Thomas 1979d: b3 (150); Thomas 1981: a4 (489), a8 (489), b6 (488), b7 (488); Thomas 1986: b4 (139); Thomas 1988: b2 (250)
Bibliography
Adams, Douglas Q. 2012a. “Shedding light on *leuk- in Tocharian and Hittite and the wider implications of reconstructing its Indo-European morphology.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 13: 21–55.
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktion der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Carling, Gerd, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Werner Winter. 2009. A dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: Letters a-j. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Chavannes, Édouard. 1911. Cinq cents contes & apologuae, extraits du tripiṭaka chinois et traduits en français. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Knoll, Gabriele. 1996. “Die Verwendungsweisen der Adjektive im Tocharischen.” PhD thesis, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Kölver, Bernhard. 1965. “Der Gebrauch der sekundären Kasus im Tocharischen.” PhD thesis, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Meunier, Fanny. 2013. “Typologie des locutions en yām- du tokharien.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 14: 123–85.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2012a. “The Tocharian A match of the Tocharian B obl.sg. -ai.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 13: 181–220.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD thesis, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil. 1952. Übersetzungen aus dem Tocharischen II, aus dem Nachlass hg. v. Werner Thomas. Abhandl. d. Deutschen Akad. d. Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Kl. f. Sprachen, Literatur und Kunst 1. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Thomas, Werner, and Wolfgang Krause. 1964. Tocharisches Elementarbuch, Band II. Texte und Glossar. Heidelberg: Winter.
Thomas, Werner. 1954. “Die Infinitive im Tocharischen.” In Asiatica. Festschrift Friedrich Weller. Zum 65. Geburtstag, gewidmet von seinen Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern, edited by Johannes Schubert and Ulrich Schneider, 701–64. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1967. “Bemerkungen zum Gebrauch von toch. A yo und B wai.” Central Asiatic Journal 11: 264–74.
Thomas, Werner. 1967c. “Zu wortverbindendem toch. A śkaṃ/ B ṣpä.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 81: 161–80.
Thomas, Werner. 1968. “Zur Verwendung von toch. A oki/B ramt und A mäṃtne/B mäkte in Vergleichen.” Orbis 17: 198–231.
Thomas, Werner. 1969c. “Zu den Ausdrücken für Tag und Nacht im Tocharischen.” Central Asiatic Journal 13: 199–206.
Thomas, Werner. 1972. “Zweigliedrige Wortverbindungen im Tocharischen.” Orbis 21: 429–70.
Thomas, Werner. 1973a. “Zur tocharischen Übersetzung der Sanskrit-Nominalkomposita des Udānavarga.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 87: 161–89.
Thomas, Werner. 1979d. “Zur Verwendung von A śla, B śale, śle im Tocharischen.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 93: 150–73.
Thomas, Werner. 1981. “Indogermanisches in der Syntax des Tocharischen: Zum Ausdruck eines Gebotes und Verbotes.” In Festschrift der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 481–97.
Thomas, Werner. 1986. “Zur Stellung von toch. A nuṃ, B nano ‘wieder’ innerhalb des Satzes.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 99: 117–46.
Thomas, Werner. 1988. “Toch. AB säm-/läm- ‘sitzen’ in transitivem Gebrauch.” Central Asiatic Journal 32: 244–59.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.”
Announcements