A 256
| Known as: | A 256; THT 889 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Gerd Carling; Georges-Jean Pinault; Hannes A. Fellner; Bernhard Koller. "A 256". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-a256 (accessed 27 Jul. 2024). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Gerd Carling; Georges-Jean Pinault; Hannes A. Fellner; Bernhard Koller |
| Date of online publication: | 2016-09-20 |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Specific find spot: | Stadthöhle |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 79.04 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TA |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Maitreyasamiti-Nāṭaka |
| Passage: | Act 26 |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Drama |
| Verse/Prose: | prose; verse |
| Meter: | M17; M12 |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | M-β |
| Preceding fragment: | A 254 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 8 |
Images
Images from titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de by courtesy of the Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS).
Transliteration
(continues from A 254)
| lf | 2 100 50 3 |
|---|---|
| a1 | – – sā ri[¯] [¯s] o ma sku ne || ci tra śo kaṃ || tā lo ā rki śo [ṣ]i /// /// ṣñ· kle ślya lypa – – – – – |
| a2 | ntaṃ me tra¯ ¯k ptā ñka tpā ka rnāṃ tsu klo pa ntwä s̝tsa lpṣa¯ ¯nt : kuya lmā na ṣme – – ·t· [ñ]kt· [c]w· – – – – [ṣ]ñ· pā crā sa rki : 1 || tma s̝sa mśa ṅkhe ca kkra va rtti slā¯ ¯nt se siṃ he [wä] – – – |
| a3 | ya neṃ pa rwa tāṃ se lā ntu ne yaṃ a bhi ṣe kya¯ ¯s̝ ṣñi la pa ṣpro pma hu· k· kmu ra¯ ¯s̝ u drā ya ne sla pā to ra s̝tra ṅka¯ ¯s̝ || ha ri ṇa plu taṃ || lyu krā ka kmu sāṃ pu rpā rt[k]aṃ – – |
| a4 | ssi se : ā pa spā cra śśi ś ○ a śmu¯ ¯nt slyi ca mma rka tka¯ ¯t : ppā ṣā rpā pṣu ne pa ṣṣe lpa śśä mta lke yntu : pyā myä¯ ¯rk kra ñcä śśi peṃ ṣ«ā» ryko ñcä¯ – – – – |
| a5 | ¯s̝ : 1 || tma s̝sa msiṃ he wä¯ ¯l ○ o ka ttmāṃ śtwa rwä¯ ¯lts śpā lu ñcä swra ssa śśä¯ ¯l ñä kci wä llo ki sne yä¯ ¯rm wra ssä ṣyä rka¯ ¯nt ma ṅka la nt· [w]· – – – – – |
| a6 | ti ri yä s̝la ntä¯ ¯s̝ ä nta nne ne sa ma nta pu¯ ¯s̝p sa ṅkrā mta mne yä ṣsa ṅkrā maṃ ka kmu ra¯ ¯s̝ ā ṣā ni kāṃ me tra kaṃ ptā ñka¯ ¯t ye twe sla kṣa ṇä syo ka knu¯ ¯nt – – – – – – – |
| a7 | lko ra ṣwe yeṃ nāṃ tsu tra ṅka¯ ¯s̝ o te ta preṃ lkā lu ne o te ta preṃ kā swo ne o te ta preṃ pa rno re • ma tne wä¯ ¯lts ko ññä kta¯ ¯ñä ma tne wä¯ ¯lts ma ññä [kta] – – – – – – – – |
| a8 | – – ka knu ṣṣi tsrā kpa rko ṣtā ke¯ ¯ñcä ma tne na ytu ntu yo po lkāṃ tseṃ kro pṣi tsrā¯ ¯k tka nā ṣtmo tā¯ ¯s̝ • ma tne pu ksa lpmāṃ ñe mi ntw[ā] ṣi kure kā rtā¯ ¯s̝ ma – – – – – – – – – |
| b1 | – [t]tra ṣtā mtā¯ ¯s̝ ma tne ci ndā ma ṇi syo ye tu ja mbu nā¯ ¯ṭä wsā ṣi ṣu ltā s̝sa [lp]m[āṃ] swā ñce nā syo – w· ñi ka rpa ra nyo – [tu] ta mne sā sme tra [k]· – – – – – – – – – |
| b2 | ñi || ku tsmā taṃ || swā sa ṣci ñcro ne ta mna s̝pa lskaṃ pa rno re : tsma ṣkā cke plā nto wi ka s̝pa ltska¯ ¯s̝ klo pśu rā¯ ¯m : nka¯ ¯s̝ sne pa rno re yta s̝ta rwa mtra [ṣ]ñi – – – – – – – – |
| b3 | lyi pu tti śpa rṣi ka pśi ñi : 1 || o te ta preṃ we yeṃ wra¯ ¯m a kma lṣiṃ ye rpe yaṃ pe nu ca ṣi me tra¯ ¯k ptā ññä kte ne ṣkā ka tku¯ ¯s̝ ptā ññä kta ñta ryā kwe pi l· – – – – – – |
| b4 | mpu¯ ¯s̝ ā ne ñci lkā ntra ta ○ mma tne ā ṣā ni¯ ¯k ra tna śśī khi • pra ṇā te • śrī sa mbha ve • kau ṇḍi ṇye • su da rśa ne • su ne tre • ·ṛ dhi rā ṣtre • – – – – – |
| b5 | pa ṅka re • pra bha ṅka re • ta ○ mo nu te • siṃ he • ma he ndre • a ni ru ddhe • sū jā te • ca ndre • sū ma ne • ha rī ci • pa ra mā rtha da rś[i] • a tyu – – – – |
| b6 | tta re • śre ṣṭi • śa mi tā ri • a ṅgi ra the • bhā gī ra the • bra hme • bra hmā yu • bra hma da tte • i ndra da ne • ra tna śai le • sa rvā rtha sā dha ne • i ndra dhva je • sa· v· – – – |
| b7 | ra tna dhu ri • pa dmo tta re • ya śo tta re • su vā di • vi ma le • pra bo – – ·ī tā ri – – si ṣ(·)e • jo ti ke tu • ra ṣa bhe • bha ra dvā je • hī tai ṣi • a rtha da rśi • vi – – – |
| b8 | – ·ye – pu ṣye • vi pa śyi • śi khī • vi śva bhu • kra ka su ndi • /// /// [p]·ā ñ·¯ ¯ñä a – [l]·[i]ṃ ·e rpe yaṃ [ā] ne ñci lkā ntraṃ || – – – – |
Transcription
(continues from A 254)
| lf | 2 100 50 3 |
| (tä)- | |
| a1 | -(preṃ)n1 (saṃ)sāris omäskune ॥ citraśokaṃ ॥ |
| 1a | tālo ārkiśoṣi ; /// 11σ |
|---|---|
| 1b | 12σ /// ; ṣñ(i) kleś lyalypä(ntwaṃ) (:) |
| 1c | (kupre) (o)a2ntaṃ metrak ; ptāñkät pākär nāṃtsu ; klopäntwäṣ tsälpṣant : |
| 1d | kuyal mā näṣ me(trakäṃ) ; (p)t(ā)ñkt(a)c w(aṣtäṣ) (läntam) ; ṣñ(i) pācrā särki : 1 ॥ |
| tmäṣ säm śaṅkhe cakkravarttis lānt se siṃhe wä(l) (udrā)- | |
| a3 | -yaneṃn2 pärwatāṃ se lāntuneyaṃ abhiṣek yaṣ ṣñi lapäṣ prop mahu(r) k(ā)kmuräṣ udrāyanes lapā toräṣ träṅkäṣ ॥ hariṇaplutaṃ ॥ |
| 1a | lyukrā kakmusāṃ ; purpār tkaṃ (el) ; (pā)a4ssi se : |
|---|---|
| 1b | āpas pācräśśi ; śaśmunt slyi cam ; mar katkat : |
| 1c | ppāṣār pāpṣune ; paṣṣ el päśśäm ; talkeyntu : |
| 1d | pyām yärk krañcäśśi ; peṃṣār ykoñcä(s) ; (yaläntwä)a5ṣ : 1 ॥ |
| 1a | swāsäṣ ciñcrone ; tämnäṣ pälskaṃ ; parnore : |
|---|---|
| 1b | tsmäṣ kācke plānto ; wikäṣ pältskäṣ ; klop śurām : |
| 1c | nkäṣ sne parnore ; ytäṣtär wamträ ; ṣñi (āñcäm) (:) |
| 1d | (asinät) (lkā)b3lyi ; puttiśparṣi ; kapśiñi : 1 ॥ |
| ote täpreṃ weyeṃ wram akmalṣiṃ yerpeyaṃ penu caṣi metrak ptāññäkte neṣ kākätkuṣ ptāññäktañ taryāk-we-pi l(akṣaṇäsyo) (yetuṣ) (wā)- | |
| b4 | -mpuṣn4n5 āneñci lkānträ täm mät ne āṣānik ratnaśśīkhi • praṇāte • śrīsambhave • kauṇḍiṇye • sudarśane • sunetre • (dh)ṛdhirāṣtre • – – – (dī)- |
| b5 | -paṅkaren5 • prabhaṅkare • tamonute • siṃhe • mahendre • aniruddhe • sūjāte • candre • sūmane • harīci • paramārthadarśi • atyu(ttame) (•) (u)- |
| b6 | -ttaren5 • śreṣṭi • śamitāri • aṅgirathe • bhāgīrathe • brahme • brahmāyu • brahmadatte • indradane • ratnaśaile • sarvārthasādhane • indradhvaje • sa(r)v(ābhibhu) (•) |
| b7 | n5 ratnadhuri • padmottare • yaśottare • suvādi • vimale • prabo(dhane) (•) (j)ītāri (•) (vā)siṣ(ṭh)e • jotiketu • räṣabhe • bharadvāje • hītaiṣi • arthadarśi • vi(raje) (•) |
| b8 | n5 (tiṣ)ye (•) puṣye • vipaśyi • śikhī • viśvabhu • krakasundi • (kanakamuni) (•) (kāśyape) (•) (śākyamuni) p(t)āñ(kta)ñ a(kma)l(ṣ)iṃ (y)erpeyaṃ āneñci lkāntr-äṃ ॥ – – – – |
Translation
(continues from A 254)
| a1 | (Oh what) maliciousness (of the Saṃsāra!) || In the Citraśoka-tune: || The world is miserable ... ... to their own Kleśas (and) deeds. |
|---|---|
| a1+ | (By chance thus) the Buddha-god Maitreya has appeared, the liberator from sufferings. |
| a2 | Why should I not leave from the house to Maitreya, the Buddha-god, following my father? 1. || |
| a2+ | Thereupon this king Siṃha, son of the Cakravartin king Śaṅkha, anoints [his] eldest son Udrāyaṇa as king. |
| a3 | Having taken the diadem from his own head [and] having put it on Udrāyaṇa’s head, he says: || in the Hariṇapluta tune || |
| a3+ | Receive the earth as a gift to watch over, which has come (to you) by inheritance, son! |
| a4 | Do not violate the rule laid down by your ancestors and fathers! Observe proper behavior, give gifts [and] carry out sacrifices! Pay homage to the good ones |
| a4+ | [and] punish the negligent ones (because of [their negligence of their] duties)! |
| a5 | 1. |
| a5+ | Thereupon the king Siṃha, together with 84,000 excellent beings, like the heavenly king, (receiving) ovations [and] blessings from countless creatures, moves out from the city (Ketumatī). |
| a6 | Where the Samantapuṣpa-monastery is, there he goes. |
| a6+ | Having arrived in the monastery, he sees the venerable Buddha Maitreya, adorned with [his] ornaments and Lakṣaṇas (on his splendid body). Being amazed he says: |
| a7 | Oh what a sight! Oh what virtue! Oh what splendour! |
| a7+ | As if a thousand suns, as if a thousand moons ... provided, had entirely risen, as if a crowd of a hundred thousand lightnings were placed in one row on the earth, as if there was a house with upper terrace all aglow, entirely consisting of jewels, as if ... [there] was a Pārijāta-tree, as if there was a mountain made of Jambūnada-gold, adorned with wish-gems, (also) glowing with rays, adorned with pleasure and glory: such is this body (endowed with Buddhahood of the Buddha) Maitreya. |
| b2 | || In the Kutsmāt tune: || It [i.e. the Buddha's body] lets it rain loveliness, it produces brightness in thought. It makes joy and delight grow, drives away suffering and sorrow from the mind. It destroys dullness [i.e. absence of brightness], adorns [and] embellishes the own (self), |
| b2+ | the body endowed with Buddhahood, (which is to be) seen (without ever being satiated). |
| b3 | 1. || Oh what a wonderful thing! |
| b3+ | In the disc of the face of this Buddha-god Maitreya even Buddhas that have arisen earlier, adorned and embellished with the thirty-two L(akṣaṇas) can be seen clearly. |
| b4+ | To wit: The venerable Ratnaśikhin, Praṇāda, Śrīsambhava, Kauṇḍiṇya, Sudarśana, Sunetra, Dhṛtirāṣṭra, ..., Dīpaṅkara, Prabhaṅkara, Tamonuda, Siṃha, Mahendra, Aniruddha, Sūjāta, Candra, Sumana, (H)arīcit (?), Paramārthadarśin, Atyuttama, Uttara, Śreṣṭhin, Śamitāri, Aṅgīrasa, Bhāgīratha, Brahman, Brahmāyu, Brahmadatta, Indradana, Ratnaśaila, Sarvārthasādhana, Indradhvaja, Sarv(ābhibhū), Ratnadhuri, Padmottara, Yaśottara, Suvādin, Vimala, Prabodhana, Jitāri, Vāsiṣṭha, Jyotiketu, Ṛṣabha, Bharadvāja, Hitaiṣin, Arthadarśin, Vi(raja), (Tiṣ)ya, Puṣya, Vipaśyin, Śikhin, Viśvabhu, Krakasundi, (Kanakamuni, Kāśyapa, Śākyamuni): [These] Buddhas are clearly seen in the disc of his face. || ... |
Other
| a3+ | Die durch [Erb]folge [auf dich] gekommene Erde nimm entgegen, um [sie] zu beherrschen, [mein] Sohn! Die von den Ahnen [und] Vätern aufgestellte Regel, die überschreite nicht! Bewahre die Sittenvorschrift, gib Gabe[n und] vollziehe Opfer! Bezeuge den Guten Verehrung [und] strafe die Pflichtvergessenen! (Schmidt 1974: 201, 404, 509) |
|---|---|
| a4 | Don't break the rule established by ancestors and fathers! (Peyrot 2013b: 242) |
| a7+ | Just as if thousand suns, as if thousand moons provided (with) … had arisen in one row, as if a mass of millions of lightnings were standing in one row on the earth, as if there were an upper apartment of fully glowing jewels, as if there were a … Pārijāta tree, as if there were a mountain of Jāmbūnada gold, adorned with cintāmaṇi jewels, also adorned with glowing rays, [and] with pleasure and dignity— so [is] the (Buddha rank) body of the (Buddha) Maitreya. (cf 53, 56) (Peyrot 2013b: 652) |
| b2 | Er [scil. der buddhaschaftliche Körper] lässt Schönheit regnen, er erzeugt im Geiste Glanz, er lässt Sehnsucht [und] Freude wachsen, er vertreibt Schmerz [und] Kummer aus dem Gemüt, er vernichtet die Glanzlosigkeit, er schmückt [und] ziert (das) eigene (Selbst) [= einen]. (Schmidt 1974: 126, 311-2, 421, 509-10) |
| b3+ | Auf der Gesichtsscheibe dieses Buddha Maitreya werden auch die früher aufgestandenen Buddhas, mit den 32 L(akṣaṇas geschmückt [und]) geziert, deutlich gesehen. (Schmidt 1974: 232) |
Commentary
Remarks
| Transcription and references have been transferred from the "Text and Reference Database of the Tocharian A Language" (Gerd Carling Lund University) (funded by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and SCAS). | |
| Transcription and translation are based on Carling et al. 2009. | |
| This almost complete leaf belongs to the same manuscript as A 254, which it immediately follows. The manuscript as a whole includes A 251 - A 294 (cf. Geng et al. 2004a: 64-65). |
Parallel texts
| MaitrHami, MaitrSiŋgim |
Philological commentary
| n1 | There is a gap of about 25 syllables in the middle of this line (Geng et al. 2004a: 53); the tune Citraśoka has a strophe 4x17 syllables, rhythm 6/6/5 (Geng et al. 2004a: 55, fn. 120). |
|---|---|
| n2 | The tune Hariṇapluta has a strophe of 4x12 syllables, rhythm 5/7 (Geng et al. 2004a: 50, fn. 212). |
| n3 | The tune Kutsmāt has a strophe of 4x12 syllables, rhythm 5/7 (Geng et al. 2004a: 56, fn. 122). |
| n4 | The Buddha-name, probably consisting of 2-3 akṣara, at the end of this line is destroyed (Geng et al. 2004a: 53, fn. 114). |
| n5 | For the identification of the names of the Buddhas, cf. Geng et al. 2004a: 57-58. See also the discussion in Ogihara 2014b: 38ff. |
References
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1921: 131-132; TEB II; Geng et al. 2004a: 51f; Sieg and Siegling 1921 p. 131, p. 132
Translations
Carling 2000: a2 (404), a3 (194), a6 a7 (156); Geng et al. 2004a: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 (51f); Hackstein 1995: a4 (175), b2 (85, 137), b4 (250); Knoll 1996: a3 (58), a5 (53), a7 (28, 45); Kölver 1965: a4 (63), a6 (82), b2 (140), b8 (109); Peyrot 2013b: a4 (242), a7 a8 b1 b2 (652); Pinault 1997d: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8; Schmidt 1974: a3 a4 (201, 404, 509), b2 (311f, 421, 509f), b2 (126, 311-2, 421, 509-10), b2 b3 (126), b3 b4 (232); Thomas 1952: a4 (61); Thomas 1958: a3 a4 (296), a3 a4 (304); Thomas 1963: a3 a4 (45); Thomas 1968: a5 (203), a7ff (225), b3ff (230); Thomas 1969: a3 a4 (256), a7ff (250); Thomas 1970: b1 (269), b2 b3 (279); Thomas 1972: b2 (456); Thomas 1975: a3 a4 (311); Thomas 1981: a3 a4 (495); Thomas 1983: a3 (32), a6 a7 (31); Thomas 1989: a6 (23); Thomas 1990: b1 (46); Thomas 1991: a6 a7 (10); Thomas 1997: a7 a8 (96), a8 (97), b1 b2 (97)
Bibliography
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktion der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Carling, Gerd, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Werner Winter. 2009. A dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: Letters a-j. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Geng, Shimin, Jens Peter Laut, and Georges-Jean Pinault. 2004a. “Neue Ergebnisse der Maitrisimit-Forschung (II): Struktur und Inhalt des 26. Kapitels.” Studies on the Inner Asian Languages 19: 29–94 + III. http://hdl.handle.net/11094/16566.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Knoll, Gabriele. 1996. “Die Verwendungsweisen der Adjektive im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Kölver, Bernhard. 1965. “Der Gebrauch der sekundären Kasus im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Ogihara, Hirotoshi. 2014b. “Lists of former Buddhas in Tocharian texts: A comparative study of unearthed manuscripts and captions in Kumtura cave No. 34.” Literature & History of the Western Regions 9: 33–49.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Pinault, Georges-Jean. 1997d. “Translations of texts in Krause and Thomas 1964.” Handout presented at the Blockseminar “Tocharisch.”
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Personal annotated copy of Wilhelm Siegling. Scanned by Douglas Q. Adams with the technical assistance of Michael Tarabulski and Kevin Dobbins. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Thomas, Werner, and Wolfgang Krause. 1964. Tocharisches Elementarbuch, Band II. Texte und Glossar. Heidelberg: Winter.
Thomas, Werner. 1952. Die tocharischen Verbaladjektive auf -l. Deutsche Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Institut für Orientforschung 9. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
Thomas, Werner. 1958. “Zum Gebrauch des prohibitiven mar bzw. mā im Tocharischen.” Central Asiatic Journal 3: 289–308.
Thomas, Werner. 1963. “Bemerkungen zu toch. A maśkaṃ.” Central Asiatic Journal 8: 43–46.
Thomas, Werner. 1968. “Zur Verwendung von toch. A oki/B ramt und A mäṃtne/B mäkte in Vergleichen.” Orbis 17: 198–231.
Thomas, Werner. 1969. “Bemerkungen zum Gebrauch von toch. A ptāñkät [B pañäkte, pudñäkte], A koṃ [B kauṃ]: A koṃñkät [B kauṃñäkte] usw.” Orbis 18: 235–68.
Thomas, Werner. 1970. “Zu einer stilistischen Besonderheit im Tocharischen.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 84: 254–80.
Thomas, Werner. 1972. “Zweigliedrige Wortverbindungen im Tocharischen.” Orbis 21: 429–70.
Thomas, Werner. 1975. “Zum Problem des Prohibitivs im Indogermanischen.” In Dialogos. Für Harald Patzer zum 65. Geburtstag von seinen Freunden und Schülern, edited by Justus Cobet, Rüdiger Leimbach, and Ada B. Neschke-Hentschke, 307–23. Wiesbaden: Steiner.
Thomas, Werner. 1981. “Indogermanisches in der Syntax des Tocharischen: Zum Ausdruck eines Gebotes und Verbotes.” In Festschrift der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 481–97.
Thomas, Werner. 1983. Der tocharische Obliquus im Sinne eines Akkusativs der Richtung. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 6. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
Thomas, Werner. 1989. Probleme der Übertragung buddhistischer Texte ins Tocharische. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 10. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
Thomas, Werner. 1990. Tocharische Maitreya-Parallelen aus Hami. Vol. 1. SbWGF, XXVII. Stuttgart: Steiner.
Thomas, Werner. 1991. Zwei weitere Maitreya-Fragmente in Tocharisch A. Vol. 1. SbWGF, XXVIII. Stuttgart: Steiner.
Thomas, Werner. 1997. Interpretationsprobleme im Tocharischen. Unflektiertes A puk, B po “ganz, all, jeder”. Vol. 3. SbWGF, XXXV. Stuttgart: Steiner.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
Announcements