A 254
| Known as: | A 254; THT 887 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Gerd Carling; Georges-Jean Pinault; Hannes A. Fellner; Bernhard Koller. "A 254". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-a254 (accessed 15 May 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Gerd Carling; Georges-Jean Pinault; Hannes A. Fellner; Bernhard Koller |
| Date of online publication: | 2016-09-19 |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Specific find spot: | Stadthöhle |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 79.02 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TA |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Maitreyasamiti-Nāṭaka |
| Passage: | Act 26 |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Drama |
| Verse/Prose: | prose; verse |
| Meter: | 543 (4x); 4343 (4x); 554443 (4x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | M-β |
| Following fragment: | A 256 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 8 |
Images
Images from titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de by courtesy of the Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS).
Transliteration
| a1 | /// [nt]su¯ ¯s̝ nṣa cwa kta rnā māṃ : ña [r]· /// /// 4 || tma¯ ¯s̝ ā ṣā – km· – – – – – – |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// tra ṅku ñcä swra sa smro ska ṣli smo [s]· – – – – – k· tu ma – [r]· wa ṣtu ṣo nta¯ ¯ñä wra sa¯ ¯ñä wra sa śśi yā tlu ne yntu • [ma] – – – – – |
| a3 | /// yā tlu ne yntu ma ska ntra • ta mne¯ ¯k ā lko nta¯ ¯k ā ṣā ni kme tra¯ ¯k ptā ñka¯ ¯t ri swa ṣtu ṣo nta swra sa swra sa śśi yā tlu ne yntu ra – – – |
| a4 | /// tra kṣi ñi wra sa ñce sa¯ ¯m ā lyke sa¯ ¯k ma ma sku ñcä swra sa spu¯ ¯k yā tlu ne ntu yo ṣñi ṣñi ā ñma śśä ltā skmāṃ [p]ā – – – |
| a5 | /// ṣtra ṅki¯ ¯ñcä || ku tsmā taṃ || o te ta preṃ su¯ ¯k o te ta preṃ ka rpa raṃ : tspo¯ ¯nt yā tlu ne yo śa ma nta rra tsna pe ñi : wä¯ ¯s̝t [ā] – |
| a6 | /// kraṃ¯ ¯śä sne ka rye pu rpā¯ ¯cä sku ntu na peṃ ṣā¯ ¯s : 1 || tma ṣce mme tra kṣi ñi wra sa¯ ¯ñä tsmo¯ ¯nt kā cke yo tsmo¯ ¯nt yā tlu ne yo tsmo¯ ¯nt sku ntu – |
| a7 | /// tṣi nā¯ ¯s ri saṃ wa ṣtwaṃ ṣo ntsaṃ yā ta lwā tse stso pa tsta mpe sne rmi tṣi na swra ssa śśä¯ ¯l ā tli kule wā ñtso pa¯ ¯ts mka lto lyu tā rme «ma» ṣkā tkmāṃ (–) |
| a8 | /// ra || pu lle naṃ || s̝a ññā ylā re o la ri¯ ¯ñä me tra kṣi ñi ma ska ntra : ypa ntra ce smaṃ o rtu ne ṣo kyo ska ssu¯ ¯s̝ pla nta ntra : yä rka¯ ¯nt o pṣl·a (–) |
| b1 | /// [c]e ṣke na ntra ce sa mṣu ce mnu ce sa ske na ntra : 1 || tma¯ ¯s̝ ā tu ke kni rmi tṣi nā sri sa ṣpo raṃ pā ka rma ska ntra ñe mi ṣi nā¯ ¯ñä ri¯ ¯ñä ñe mi ṣi n· (–) |
| b2 | /// ś[l]a ni ṣpa¯ ¯l yā tlu ne ya śśä¯ ¯l rau rā pña re yaṃ o ki sla ma syo wä nto¯ ¯s̝ pukā ksa lpi¯ ¯ñcä || ta mpa lko ra ṣme tra kṣi ñi wra sa ñlyu tā rme |
| b3 | /// ñe mi ṣi nā sri saṃ ñe mi ṣi nä¯ ¯s skā ksaṃ ṣtā ṅksaṃ ku cca tā ksaṃ ka lymāṃ ni rmi tṣi nā sri ss̝a rpa smāṃ tra ṅki¯ ¯ñcä hī śttā ki¯ ¯s̝ o ma ske n· |
| b4 | /// ṣe ra śi ni ṣkra mā ntaṃ || o ka tña re yntu ma tne śla wra sa¯ ¯s sla myo wä nto s̝sa lypā rtskaṃ ṣā¯ ¯nt ta mne tā lo ṣce ṣwra sa¯ ¯ñä – |
| b5 | /// tskaṃ sa ntra kā pñe ñkā pñe ñyä kso ṣka ś«†ä»«a»¯ ¯l sla myo wä nto¯ ¯s̝ tskaṃ sa ntra : po ñcäṃ saṃ sā raṃ mā cmo lku lypa [ta] rmā – – – |
| b6 | /// klo¯ ¯p : pta rka skraṃ¯ ¯śä sku ntu pri sā cpu¯ ¯k cmo lu pa lcä swa s̝ta s̝pa lycä spo ñcäṃ trai dhā tu kca ṣsaṃ sā ra¯ ¯s̝ : 1 || tma¯ ¯s̝ ā ṣā ·i kme – – (–) |
| b7 | /// nyā tṣi ma rka mpa¯ ¯l ā ksi ṣku cyo ne ce m[l]y· tā rmā m·o sk[u] s̝ka nta ntu yo wä ltsa ntu yo tmā na ntu yo ko ri syo wa s̝ta ṣla ntu ra – – – – – – |
| b8 | /// ka lpnā ntra • || tma ṣsiṃ he wä /// /// [l]· – r·e ma ṣ·o [pa] s· nāṃ ts[u] ā ñma śla – – – – – – – – |
(continues on A 256)
Transcription
| a1 | n1 /// (nā)ntsuṣ nṣac wak tärnāmāṃ : ñar(eyäṃtwaṃ) /// 4 ॥ tmäṣ āṣā(ni)k m(etrak) (ptāñkät) – – – |
|---|---|
| a2 | n2 /// (ta)träṅkuñcäs wrasas mroskäṣlis mos(aṃ) – – – – (tāk) k(e)tuma(ti) r(i) waṣtu ṣontañ wrasañ wrasaśśi yātluneyntu • mä(nt) (ne) (tṣaṃ) (riñ) (waṣtu) |
| a3 | (ṣontañ) (wrasañ) (wrasaśśi) yātluneyntu mäskanträ • tämne-k ālkontäk āṣānik metrak ptāñkät ris waṣtu ṣontas wrasas wrasaśśi yātluneyntu rä(ddhiyo) (pā)¬ |
| a4 | (kär) (yāmäs) (•) (täm) (pälkoräṣ) (me)trakṣiñi wrasañ cesäm ālykes-äk mamäskuñcäs wrasas puk yātlunentuyo ṣñi ṣñi āñmaśśäl tāskmāṃ pā(kär) (yāmlu)¬ |
| a5 | (neyo)n3 (añumāski) (nāntsu)ṣ träṅkiñc ॥ kutsmātaṃ ॥ |
| 1a | ote täpreṃ suk ; ote täpreṃ ; kär-paräṃ : |
|---|---|
| 1b | tspont yātluneyo ; śamantarr ats ; napeñi : |
| 1c | wäṣt ā(ṣā)a6(nikāñ) ; (ceṣ-äk) (wrasañ) ; (wasäṃ) (neñc) (:) |
| 1d | (yśe) kraṃś sne kärye ; purpāc skuntu ; napeṃṣās : 1 ॥ |
| 1a | ṣäññā ylāre ; olariñ ; metrakṣiñi ; mäskanträ : |
|---|---|
| 1b | ypanträ cesmaṃ ; ortune ; ṣokyo skassuṣ ; plantanträ : |
| 1c | yärkant opṣl(y)a(c) ; b1n5 (wärpnāntär) ; 7σ /// (:) |
| 1d | ceṣ kenanträ ; cesäm ṣu ; cem nu cesäs ; kenanträ : 1 ॥ |
| 1a | okät ñareyntu ; mät ne śla wrasas ; slamyo wäntoṣ ; sälypār tskäṃṣānt ; tämne tāloṣ ; ceṣ wrasañ (:) |
|---|---|
| 1b | b5 (pācar) (mācar) (se) ; (ckācar) tskäṃsanträ ; kāpñeñ kāpñeñ ; yäksoṣ kaśal ; slamyo wäntoṣ ; tskäṃsanträ : |
| 1c | poñcäṃ saṃsāraṃ ; mā cmol kulypatär ; mā (ortune) ; b6n7 10σ /// klop : |
| 1d | ptärkäs kraṃś skuntu ; prisāc puk cmolu ; pälcäs waṣtäṣ ; pälycäs poñcäṃ ; traidhātuk caṣ ; saṃsāräṣ : 1 ॥ |
| * | tmäṣ āṣā(n)ik me(trak) | |
|---|---|---|
| b7 | (ptāñkät) (cesäs) (wrasaśśi) (śū)nyātṣi märkampal āksiṣ kucyo ne cem ly(u)tār mām(r)oskuṣ käntantuyo wältsantuyo tmānantuyo korisyo waṣtäṣ lanturä(ṣ) (metrakäṃ) (ptāñäktac) – – – – – – | |
| b8 | n8 (srotāpattune) (paräṃ) kälpnānträ • ॥ tmäṣ siṃhe wä(l) /// l(yutā)r (m)emaṣ (kl)opas(u) nāṃtsu āñmaśl-ä(kk) (ats) (pältsäṅkāṣ) (ote) (tä)¬ | |
| * | (preṃ) |
(continues on A 256)
Translation
| a1 | to me releasing a voice. (In the) Hells ... 4. || |
|---|---|
| a1+ | Then the venerable Maitreya, (the Buddha-god, made ...) |
| a2 | ... to let the beings, that are attached (to the Kleśas), feel [world-]weariness, (a mirage). (This was) the city Ketumatī, houses, streets, beings and the achievements of the beings. |
| a2+ | So as (here there are cities, houses, streets, beings and) the achievements (of the beings), just so the venerable Maitreya, the Buddha-god, (by his supernatural power let appear) other cities, houses, streets, beings and achievements of the beings. |
| a4+ | Having seen this, the beings of Maitreya, these other exchanged beings in all their achievements resembling themselves one by one, are amazed by this manifestation, (and) they say: |
| a5 | || In the Kutsmāt-tune: || Oh what happiness! Oh what dignity! With [their] capability [having increased], even the[se] people grow. |
| a5+ | (These very beings are to us) doubly venerable persons. |
| a6 | Hey, you good ones, enjoy without concern the delights of mortal beings! 1. || |
| a6+ | Then, these beings of Maitreya, with increased pleasure, with increased achievement (by enjoying) increased delights having become joyful beyond measure, men and women, big and small, went (together) with the powerful, highly capable, fashioned beings in the[ir] fashioned cities, houses, streets (in countless numbers). |
| a8 | || In the Phulleṃ-tune: || By nature the Maitreya people are feeble companions. They make friends with them [i.e. the fashioned beings], [they are] very happy [and] rejoice. |
| a8+ | (They receive) homages for the festivity ... |
| b1 | These call those hither and those call these hither. 1. Then suddenly fires appear from the fashioned cities. |
| b1+ | The jewel-cities, the jewel-(houses the jewel-streets), with [all] possessions and achievements shrouded in flames, burn one and all as in the Raurava-hell. || |
| b2+ | Having seen this the Maitreya people (have become woeful) beyond all measure; pointing out [the inhabitants] being in the jewel-cities, in the jewel-balconies, palaces, and towers, they say: |
| b3+ | Fie on the malicious (threefold Saṃsāra)! |
| b4 | || In the Ṣeraśi Niṣkramānt tune: || Just like the eight hells together with [their] beings, shrouded by flame, glowed [and] burned, just so these miserable beings, (father and mother, son and daughter) are burned, |
| b5 | lovers clinging together, couple after couple, are burned surrounded by flames; |
| b5+ | in the whole Saṃsāra, birth is no more desired, nor (friendship), ... (there is only) suffering. |
| b6 | Abandon, you good ones, the delights, give you up all births, leave from home, withdraw from this whole three-fold world, from the Saṃsāra! 1. || |
| b6+ | Then the venerable Maitreya, (the Buddha-god,) proclaims (to these beings) the Law of Emptiness [śūnyatā], whereby these (beings), that have become overly world-weary, having left from home by [the] hundreds, thousands, ten thousands, myriads, towards Maitreya, the Buddha-god, ... [they] obtain the (Srotāpanna) dignity. || |
| b8 | Then the king Siṃha, ... having become woeful beyond all measure, (thinks) to himself: (Oh what) |
(continues on A 256)
Other
| a6 | (He,) [ihr] Guten! Genießet ohne Sorge die irdischen Glücksgüter! (Schmidt 1974: 200) |
|---|---|
| a8 | Sie schließen mit ihnen [wtl. zu ihnen] Freundschaft, [sind] sehr glücklich [und] freuen sich. (Schmidt 1974: 339) |
| b1 | Diese rufen jene herbei, jene aber rufen diese. (Schmidt 1974: 97, 320, 384) |
| b4+ | Wie [da eben] die acht Höllen mit [ihren] Wesen, von der Flamme eingehüllt, glühten [und] brannten, so verbrennen [bzw. werden verbrannt] diese unglücklichen Wesen ... verbrennen [bzw. werden verbrannt], von der Flamme eingehüllt, alle Lieben, sich zusammen umklammernd. Im ganzen Saṃsāra wird nicht [mehr?] Geburt verlangt, nicht ... (Schmidt 1974: 133, 146-7, 243-4) |
Commentary
Remarks
| Transcription and references have been transferred from the "Text and Reference Database of the Tocharian A Language" (Gerd Carling Lund University) (funded by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and SCAS). | |
| Transcription and translation are based on Carling et al. 2009. | |
| Fragment with the left part to the schnurloch missing. Belongs to the same manuscript as A 256, which follows this fragment. The manuscript as a whole includes A 251 - A 294 (cf. Geng et al. 2004a: 64-5). |
Parallel texts
| MaitrHami, MaitrSiŋgim |
Philological commentary
| cf. von Gabain 1957: 56. | |
| n1 | There is a gap of about 8 syllables at the beginning of this line (Geng et al. 2004a: 51). |
| n2 | Another gap of ca. 8 syllables at the beginning; in the gap in mid-line fragmentary remnants of a few akṣaras are still visible, which seem to form part of the end of a sentence (cf. Geng et al. 2004a: 52 + fn. 107). |
| n3 | The tune Kutsmāt has a strophe of 4x12 syllables, rhythm 5/7 (Geng et al. 2004a: 54, fn. 116). |
| n4 | The name of the tune here called pullenaṃ is more usually spelled phullenaṃ; it has a strophe of 4x12 syllables, rhythm 7/7 (cf. Geng et al. 2004a: 52, fn. 110; 54, fn. 117). |
| n5 | There is a gap of 7 syllables at the beginning of this line (Geng et al. 2004a: 52). |
| n6 | The tune Ṣeraśi Niṣkramānt has a strophe of 4x25 syllables, rhythm 5/5/4/4/4/3 (Geng et al. 2004a: 55, fn. 118). |
| n7 | There is a gap of 10 syllables at the beginning of this line (Geng et al. 2004a: 42). |
| n8 | There is a gap of about 14 syllables in the middle of this line (Geng et al. 2004a: 53) |
References
Online access
Miscellaneous
Transliteration
Geng et al. 2004a: 51f
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1921: 129-130; Sieg and Siegling 1921 p. 129, p. 130
Translations
Carling 2000: a7 (149), a7 a8 (97); Hackstein 1995: b4 (90), b5 (90f); Meunier 2013: a6 a7 a8 (156-157), b1 (157), b2 b3 b4 (157); Schmidt 1974: a6 (200), a8 (339), b1 (97, 320, 384), b4 b5 (133, 146f, 243f), b4 b5 (133, 146-7, 243-4); Thomas 1952: a2 (53); Thomas 1957: b4 b5 (77); Thomas 1968: b1 b2 (205), b4 b5 (222); Thomas 1970: b2 (279); Thomas 1972: a7 (459), b2 (431), b4 (456), b7 (459); Thomas 1976a: b2 (72); Thomas 1979d: b2 (153); Thomas 1981: b6 (488); Thomas 1995: b6 b7 (60); Thomas 1997: b1 b2 (102), b6 (73)
Bibliography
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktion der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Carling, Gerd, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Werner Winter. 2009. A dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: Letters a-j. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Geng, Shimin, Jens Peter Laut, and Georges-Jean Pinault. 2004a. “Neue Ergebnisse der Maitrisimit-Forschung (II): Struktur und Inhalt des 26. Kapitels.” Studies on the Inner Asian Languages 19: 29–94 + III. http://hdl.handle.net/11094/16566.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Meunier, Fanny. 2013. “Typologie des locutions en yām- du tokharien.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 14: 123–85.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Personal annotated copy of Wilhelm Siegling. Scanned by Douglas Q. Adams with the technical assistance of Michael Tarabulski and Kevin Dobbins. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
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Thomas, Werner. 1970. “Zu einer stilistischen Besonderheit im Tocharischen.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 84: 254–80.
Thomas, Werner. 1972. “Zweigliedrige Wortverbindungen im Tocharischen.” Orbis 21: 429–70.
Thomas, Werner. 1976a. “Zu Konjunktion yo und Instrumentalaffix -yo in Tocharisch A.” Indogermanische Forschungen 80: 71–79.
Thomas, Werner. 1979d. “Zur Verwendung von A śla, B śale, śle im Tocharischen.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 93: 150–73.
Thomas, Werner. 1981. “Indogermanisches in der Syntax des Tocharischen: Zum Ausdruck eines Gebotes und Verbotes.” In Festschrift der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 481–97.
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