A 229
| Known as: | A 229; THT 862 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Adrian Musitz (translation). "A 229". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-a229 (accessed 06 Oct. 2024). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Adrian Musitz (translation) |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Specific find spot: | Stadthöhle |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 79.13 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TA |
| Script: | late |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Maitreyāvadānavyākaraṇa |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Meter: | 4335 (4x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | MAV-α |
| Following fragment: | A 230 |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 7 |
Images
Images from titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de by courtesy of the Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS).
Transliteration
| a1 | /// ¯r kuce ne ce mwra sa¯ ¯ñä wä rta¯ ¯nt tsa kse w· – – ¯t : ā lu ma ska nta rma sa lya ma¯ ¯s̝ wä¯ ¯rt tska ssi ku pre |
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| a2 | /// ā kna tsaṃ pa ltsa kyo : pru ta kse¯ ¯ñcä p[a] tw· rm[aṃ] ā tnaṃ pa¯ ¯t ype po ra ntaṃ : sma le tā rśo nyo ku rya¯ ¯r ypa |
| a3 | /// sśkaṃ : sne ta mpe pa tnu tā lo ñcä śśi wra sa śśi ku pre pa¯ ¯t : a śrā ddho ne yo sne kā ruṃ ā kntsā¯ ¯ñä wra sa¯ ¯ñä – |
| a4 | /// rau rā pña re yaṃ wra sa¯ ¯ñä tmaṃ sa nta¯ ¯r ṣa kka – ku pre ne mā a ntu śśi lo tke ce¯ ¯m : mā o nmiṃ ypa nta¯ ¯r ma |
| a5 | /// pu¯ ¯k me – – : 40 3 ku cnu śkaṃ pra ks̝a¯ ¯l ma – rau rā pña re yaṃ : we ka¯ ¯nt ta ryā kśkaṃ ko ri¯ ¯s śtwa rka¯ ¯nt tmāṃ pu |
| a6 | /// ¯ñä ca· ña r· yaṃ tmaṃ sa nta¯ ¯r 40 4 tā – ña re yaṃ na peṃ ṣi nā¯ ¯s pu klā yo : ñu ka¯ ¯nt wi ki śkaṃ ṣa pi |
| a7 | /// [¯l] ka – – lnu pra tā pa naṃ – – – – [a] vī śaṃ : 40 5 ṣu rma¯ ¯nt mā wī kā¯ ¯s̝ o ma ske na ṣmā pā s̝[ta] |
| b1 | /// ā ñme – – kusa kka tsaṃ – – – – – ne ña re ntwaṃ kupā rwra sa¯ ¯s : 40 6 na ṣta mne wä knā ṣu rma¯ ¯nt ce |
| b2 | /// ly[eṃ] me tra – ¯t pa ttāṃ ñka¯ ¯t : ta myo pu – pra ṣtaṃ yma ssu wra se¯ ¯s ska mma ska¯ ¯l lya lypu ntwaṃ : 40 7 ke |
| b3 | /// yaṃ wa ñi – ka lpo ṣte : e ntsa ṣi ṣū raṃ wa w[i] ku ṣśkaṃ pa ltska ṣte¯ ¯ñcä : ki psu¯ ¯s̝ śā ñi nu¯ ¯s̝ o ma ske nä smā |
| b4 | /// : ku ppre pe nu ce mpra ṣtā sa rki yā me ñccaṃ o [ma] skeṃ : u mpa rñä¯ ¯nä pa tnu na ṣū nta śśa¯ ¯l trī wo ra¯ ¯s̝ : kle |
| b5 | /// nu o ma skeṃ śla pra ski nu ype¯ ¯ñcä o nmiṃ ypa nta rpā kra śi ypa nta rpe : ku pre mā cä mpe pu¯ ¯k lya lypu |
| b6 | /// ā rki śo ṣyaṃ pa ttāṃ ñkta¯ ¯ñä : ṣa kka¯ ¯ts [c]e [s]·· śśa¯ ¯l ṣi ya¯ ¯k ku mse śa lpa nta¯ ¯r a ntu ṣce¯ ¯m ta myo |
| b7 | /// : 50-1 t[aṃ] yä rmaṃ taṃ ñi caṃ kā vvi ṣi re t·e – – – ī me pa ltsa¯ ¯k ye¯ ¯s̝ ā rśi ka ntwā ri twä ssi ka na śa¯ ¯l – |
(continues on A 230)
Transcription
| 40b | a115σ /// r {:} |
|---|---|
| 40c | kuce ne cem wrasañ ; wärtant tsäkse ; w· – – t : |
| 40d | ālu mäskantär ; masal yamäṣ ; wärt tskässi ; kupre a2 1σ (:) (40) |
| 41a | 12σ |
| 41b | 9σ /// ; āknatsaṃ ; pältsäkyo : |
| 41c | prutäkseñc pat w· rmaṃ ; ātnaṃ pat ype ; poräntaṃ : |
| 41d | smale tārśonyo ; kuryar ypa a3 7σ |
| 42a | 11σ /// s śkaṃ : |
| 42b | sne tampe pat nu ; tāloñcäśśi ; wrasaśśi ; kupre pat : |
| 42c | aśrāddhoneyo ; sne kāruṃ ākn;tsāñ wrasañ (:) |
| 42d | a415σ |
| 43a | 5σ /// ; raurāp ñare;yaṃ wrasañ {:} |
| 43b | tmäṃsantär ṣakk a(ts) ; kupre ne mā ; antuśśi ; lotke cem : |
| 43c | mā onmiṃ ypantär ; ma a5 6σ |
| 43d | 11σ /// puk ; me – – : 40-3 |
| 44a | kuc nu śkaṃ prakṣäl ; ma – raurāp ; ñareyaṃ : |
| 44b | we känt taryāk śkaṃ ; koris śtwar känt ; tmāṃ pua6(klā) ; 3σ |
| 44c | 12σ |
| 44d | 8σ /// ñ ca· 0σ ; ñar(e)yaṃ ; tmäṃsantär 40-4 |
| 45a | tā(pa-ṃ) ñareyaṃ ; napeṃṣinās ; puklāyo : |
| 45b | ñu känt wiki śkaṃ ; ṣa pi a7 8σ |
| 45c | 12σ |
| 45d | 1σ /// l ka – – 2σ l nu ; pratāpanaṃ ; – – – – 3σ ; avīśaṃ : 40-5 |
| 46a | ṣurmant mā wīkāṣ ; omäskenäṣ ; mā pāṣtäb1(r) |
| 46b | 15σ |
| 46c | 9σ /// ; āñme – (:) |
| 46d | kusakk atsaṃ – – ; – – – ne ; ñarentwaṃ ; kupār wrasas : 40-6 |
| 47a | naṣ tämne wäknā ; ṣurmant ce b2 4σ |
| 47b | 15σ |
| 47c | 5σ /// ; lyeṃ metra – t ; pättāṃñkät : |
| 47d | tämyo pu(k) praṣtaṃ ; ymassu wrases ; skam mäskal ; lyalypuntwaṃ : 40-7 |
| 48a | ke b311σ |
| 48b | 8σ /// yaṃ ; wañi – ; kälpoṣ te : |
| 48c | entsaṣi ṣūraṃ ; wawikuṣ śkaṃ ; pältskaṣ teñc : |
| 48d | kipsuṣ śāñinuṣ ; omäskenäs ; mā b4 5σ |
| 49a | 12σ /// : |
| 49b | kuppre penu cem ; praṣtā särki ; yāmeñc caṃ ; omäskeṃ : |
| 49c | umparñän pat nu ; naṣūntaśśäl ; trīworäṣ : |
| 49d | kle b5 14σ |
| 50a | 8σ /// nu ; omäskeṃ {:} |
| 50b | śla praski nu ypeñc ; onmiṃ ypantär ; pākraśi ; ypantär pe : |
| 50c | kupre mā cämpe ; puk lyalypu b6 4σ |
| 50d | 15σ |
| 51a | 5σ /// ; ārkiśoṣyaṃ ; pättāṃñktañ : |
| 51b | ṣakk ats ces(ma)śśäl ; ṣiyak kumse ; śalpantär ; antuṣ cem {:} |
| 51c | tämyo b710σ |
| 51d | 15σ /// : 50-1 |
| 52a | taṃ yärmaṃ taṃ ñi ; caṃ kāvviṣi ; ret(w)e – – 1σ (:) |
| 52b | īme pältsäk yeṣ ; ārśi käntwā ; ritwässi ; kanaśäl (:) |
(continues on A 230)
Translation
| a1 | Because the beings burn forests, they become causers for others to burn a forest... |
|---|---|
| a2 | ... with ignorant mind... Or they shut into a cave, a wrist among spiders and beetles (?).n1 |
| a2+ | They do trade through lie and deceit... |
| a3 | Or wether the ignorant beings, without compassion, through unbelief... of the powerless, poor beings.... |
| a4 | /// the beings will surely be reborn in the Raurāva hell, unless they turn away from there ... |
| a4+ | They do not feel remorse... |
| a5 | What is to be asked? In the Raurāva-hell (they live?) for 2304000000 years... |
| a6 | ... they are born in the... hell... In the Tāpana-hell, in human years, they (live) nine hundred twenty... |
| a7+ | He will not drive off the causes if he does not protect himself against evil. |
| b1 | Whoever... in the deep hells... beings... |
| b1+ | There is... in this way... causes... |
| b2 | ... the Buddha Maitreya... Thus, at all times, a being must always be mindful of its deeds. |
| b3 | they will have obtained pleasure ..., and they will have driven off the seed of greed from their mind[s], |
| b3+ | ashamed and abashed they ... the evil ones ... |
| b4 | And what if they do evil according to the [spirit of] the times? Or having mingled with en evil friend... |
| b5 | Mais ils font le mal avec crainte, ils éprouvent du remords, ils confessent aussi. |
| b5+ | Whether they are unable... every deed... |
| b6 | (when) the Buddhas (rise) in the world, they [i.e. the beings] will indeed come together with them and will consequently be set free. |
| b7 | 51. Accordingly, my spirit and thought concerning this kāvya opus/composition of a kāvya were directed toward the composition in Ārśi language in poetic form/according to the metre. |
(continues on A 230)
Other
| a1 | Welche Menschen da die Wälder verbrennen ... (Schmidt 1974: 132) |
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| a4 | In der Raurava-Hölle werden die wesen sicherlich [wieder-]geboren werden, wenn sie nicht von dort umkehren. (Schmidt 1974: 105) |
| a7 | He will not drive off the causes if he does not protect himself against evil. (cf 306) (Peyrot 2013b: 248) |
| a7 | ... wenn er sich nicht vor dem Bösen hütet. (Schmidt 1974: 84) |
| a7+ | Die Ursachen wird er nicht beseitigen, wenn er sich von dem Bösen nicht hütet. (Schmidt 1974: 306, 310, fn. 2) |
| b3 | they will have obtained pleasure …, and they will have driven off the seed of greed from their mind[s], ashamed and abashed they … the evil ones … (Peyrot 2013b: 621) |
| b4 | And what if they do evil according to the [spirit of] the times (cf 342) (Peyrot 2013b: 632) |
| b5 | [Wenn] sie ... aber Böses (tun), [so] tun sie [es] mit Furcht, empfinden Reue [und] bekunden sie auch. (Schmidt 1974: 338, 348) |
| b6 | (Wenn sich) die Buddhas in der Welt (erheben), kommen sie [scil. die Wesen] sicherlich mit ihnen zusammen [und] werden alsdann erlöst. (Schmidt 1974: 475) |
Commentary
Remarks
| Transcription and references have been transferred from the "Text and Reference Database of the Tocharian A Language" (Gerd Carling Lund University) (funded by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and SCAS). | |
| Transcription and translation are based on Carling et al. 2009. | |
| Immediately followed by A 230. |
Philological commentary
| n1 | This line is far from clear. In A dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A, s.v. porant*interpret this passage as describing hell. This is unlikely, considering the context. The line should rather describe some sort of evil deed. |
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References
Online access
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1921: 114-115; Sieg and Siegling 1921 p. 114, p. 115
Translations
Carling 2000: a5 (404), a6 (311), b4 (341, 342); Hackstein 1995: a7 (175), b6 (306); Knoll 1996: b1 (142); Kölver 1965: a6 (24), a7 (147); Meunier 2013: b5 (129, 141, 178, 179); Peyrot 2013b: a7 (248), b3 (621), b4 (632); Schmidt 1974: a1 (132), a4 (105), a7 (84, 306, 310 n.2), a7 (84), a7 A 230 a8 (306, 310, fn. 2), b4 (338 n.1), b5 (338, 348), b6 (475); sieg1916: b7 (562); Thomas 1952: b2 (19); Thomas 1954: b7 (726); Thomas 1957: b7 (67), b7 A 230 a1 (150); Thomas 1970: b3 (271)
Bibliography
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktion der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Carling, Gerd, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Werner Winter. 2009. A dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: Letters a-j. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Knoll, Gabriele. 1996. “Die Verwendungsweisen der Adjektive im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Kölver, Bernhard. 1965. “Der Gebrauch der sekundären Kasus im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Meunier, Fanny. 2013. “Typologie des locutions en yām- du tokharien.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 14: 123–85.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Personal annotated copy of Wilhelm Siegling. Scanned by Douglas Q. Adams with the technical assistance of Michael Tarabulski and Kevin Dobbins. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Thomas, Werner. 1952. Die tocharischen Verbaladjektive auf -l. Deutsche Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Institut für Orientforschung 9. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
Thomas, Werner. 1954. “Die Infinitive im Tocharischen.” In Asiatica. Festschrift Friedrich Weller. Zum 65. Geburtstag, gewidmet von seinen Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern, edited by Johannes Schubert and Ulrich Schneider, 701–64. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1970. “Zu einer stilistischen Besonderheit im Tocharischen.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 84: 254–80.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
