A 227-228
| Known as: | A 227-228; A 227 = THT 860; A 228 = THT 861 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Gerd Carling. "A 227-228". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-a227228 (accessed 22 May 2025). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Gerd Carling |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Specific find spot: | Stadthöhle |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 79.14, T III Š 94.2 |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TA |
| Script: | late |
Text contents | |
| Text genre: | Literary |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | MAV-α |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 7 |
Images
Images from titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de by courtesy of the Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS).
Transliteration
| lf | 100 20 5 |
|---|---|
| a1 | ka¯ ¯t tmāṃ pu klā śo laṃ : ca¯ ¯s̝ jaṃ bu dvī paṃ śpā lme kra ñcä¯ ¯s wra sa syo – – – – – – – – – śtwa rñe mi ṣyāṃ yä ryaṃ tā¯ ¯m : cmī mā rtā mpra ṣtaṃ ca mi tā¯ ¯s̝ plā¯ ¯cä ṣa kka tse¯ ¯k ṣo tre ya¯ ¯l 3 ke tu ma ti¯ ¯k tā¯ – |
| a2 | su da rśaṃ rī me nā kyo : wsā ṣi naṃ ṣo ntaṃ ñe mi ṣi na¯ ¯s ṣo ntsaṃ pa¯ ¯t – – – – – – – – ṣtā ma ntwaṃ pa¯ ¯t pla nta tsi : śtwa rñe mī ṣī na¯ ¯s yṣaṃ saṃ pa tnu yä· ·ā ssi – – – : 4 pa rne yä ryā pa – |
| a3 | śa kko ka tpi ṣo ntsa ne : na ndaṃ me nā kyo wa rpa śke saṃ śtwa – – – – – – – – – ·ā myo ye tu ñcsaṃ pa¯ ¯t su¯ ¯k lkā tsi : ke ne krī t[ā] – – – – – – – – kka tse¯ ¯k ṣo tre ya – |
| a4 | 5 mi śra¯ ¯k me nā kyo su pu ṣpi¯ ¯t wa rpa śke yaṃ : s̝pa tka – – – – – – – – ¯r s· ä – [w]ä rpnā tsi : na [peṃ] – – – – – – – – – – – – – [tsaṃ] tā ki¯ ¯s̝ ca – |
| a5 | mi pe nu tā¯ ¯s̝ plā¯ ¯cä ṣo tre ya¯ ¯l : 6 ke pa tnu ā k·[¯] [¯l] /// /// sa tā m[p]ra |
| a6 | s̝ta wī ka ssi : ca mī pe sā¯ ¯s plā¯ ¯cä pu – – – – – ¯s̝ klyo sna (– – – –) /// |
| a7 | laṃ a r[ñ]ī mā¯ ¯r : sne lo tklu ne kra¯ ¯nt bu ddhi – – – l· mū¯ ¯l (– – – –) /// |
| b1 | mp[a] māṃ k· su ya tsi pu¯ ¯k wä knā : me /// |
| b2 | pa skā yä¯ ¯s : ä ñcaṃ lya lypū rā me tra – – – – – ¯m ca¯ ¯s̝ /// |
| b3 | ä ñcaṃ pa¯ ¯t lya lypū rā : ä ñcaṃ lya lypū [rā] tā ke tā m· [r]· ¯ – /// /// s̝a ·r· ks· – – |
| b4 | ä ñcaṃ lya lypū rā me tra¯ ¯k śpā lmeṃ pa ttāṃ ñkte ma rka mplaṃ : – – – – – – – – mū¯ ¯l – – – ¯r kra [ñc]· – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – [kuc]· pa tnu wra [s]· |
| b5 | me tra kaṃ śpā lmeṃ ka ṣṣiṃ : puka¯ ¯s̝ pu¯ ¯k lo tri kse¯ ¯ñcä a vi – – – – – – – – ¯r ta mya¯ ¯s pa klyo s̝a¯ ¯s ṣo tre pyā mtsā¯ ¯cä ṣa kka – ka – – – – – – l· ka ṣlaṃ kā pñe [p]·[ā] |
| b6 | mtsā¯ ¯cä ku cyo ne me tra¯ ¯k lkā¯ ¯l : 10 3 kuce ne ce¯ ¯m wra sa¯ ¯ñä śa – – – – – – – pā sa nta rkā su ko lu ne yä¯ ¯s̝ lo ta ṅke pu¯ ¯k ā ñma¯ ¯s̝ – – ·ku – – sa nta¯ ¯r ā lu yśa |
| b7 | lm··¯ ¯s̝ lo ta ṅke : sma le mā tra ṅki mā pe tra ṅki wi ṣā mtsa¯ ¯r mā ka – – – – – – – maṃ e¯ ¯nts a rsa nta¯ ¯r ñi tā ki¯ ¯s̝ : wi kse¯ ¯ñcä mā ntlu ne keṃ pa lka ntwä¯ ¯s̝ ṣñi pa ltsa¯ ¯k pā sa nta¯ ¯r [mā] |
Transcription
| lf | 100-20-5 |
| 3a | (o)a1kät-tmāṃ puklā śolaṃ : |
|---|---|
| 3b | caṣ jaṃbudvīpaṃ ; śpālme krañcäs ; wrasasyo ; – – – (:) |
| 3c | – – – – – ; śtwar ñemiṣyāṃ ; yäryaṃ tām : |
| 3d | cmīmār tām praṣtaṃ ; cami tāṣ plāc ; ṣakk atsek ; ṣotre yal 3 |
| 4a | ketumati-k tā – 0σ ; a2 sudarśaṃ rī ; menākyo : |
| 4b | wsāṣinäṃ ṣontaṃ ; ñemiṣinäs ; ṣontsaṃ pat ; – – – (:) |
| 4c | – – – – 5σ ; ṣtāmäntwaṃ pat ; plantatsi : |
| 4d | śtwar ñemīṣīnäs ; yṣaṃsaṃ pat nu ; yä(rn)āssi ; – – – : 4 |
| 5a | pärne yäryā pa(t) ; a3 śäkk-okät-pi ; ṣonts ane : |
| 5b | nandaṃ menākyo ; warpäśkesaṃ ; śtwa – – ; – – – (:) |
| 5c | – – – ·āmyo ; yetuñcsaṃ pat ; suk lkātsi : |
| 5d | ke ne krī tā – – 1σ ; – – – – – 4σ ; (ṣa)kk atsek ; ṣotre ya(l) a4 5 |
| 6a | miśrak menākyo ; supuṣpit war;päśkeyaṃ : |
| 6b | ṣpät kä – – – ; – – – – ; – r s· ä – ; wärpnātsi : |
| 6c | napeṃ – – – ; – – – – ; – – – (:) |
| 6d | – – tsaṃ tākiṣ ; ca – a5 mi pe;nu tāṣ plāc ; ṣotre yal : 6 |
| 7a | ke pat nu āk(ā)l ; /// 7σ |
| 7b | 15σ |
| 7c | 7σ /// s{†ä} tām praa6ṣt{†ä} ; wīkässi : |
| 7d | camī pe sās plāc ; pu – – – ; – – 1σ ṣ klyosnä – 0σ ; – – – (7) |
| 8a | /// 12σ |
| 8b | 15σ |
| 8c | 8σ a7 laṃ ; arñīmār : |
| 8d | sne lotklune krant ; buddhi – – ; – l· mūl ; – – – (8) |
| 9a | /// 12σ |
| 9b | 15σ |
| 9c | 3σ (cä)b1mpamāṃ ; k(ā)su yatsi ; puk wäknā : |
| 9d | me /// 14σ |
| 10a | 12σ |
| 10b | 12σ b2 ; päskāyäs : |
| 10c | äñcaṃ lyalypūrā ; metra – – – 2σ ; – – m caṣ |
| 10d | /// 15σ |
| 11a | 12σ |
| 11b | 9σ b3 äñcaṃ pat ; lyalypūrā : |
| 11c | äñcaṃ lyalypūrā ; tāke tām (p)r(aṣt) ; /// 3σ |
| 11d | 15σ |
| 12a | 9σ /// ṣ{†ä} ; ·r· ks· – (:) |
| 12b | b4 äñcaṃ lyalypūrā ; metrak śpālmeṃ ; pättāṃñkte ; märkamplaṃ : |
| 12c | – – – – – ; – – – mūl ; – – – r |
| 12d | krañc· – – – ; – – – – ; – – – ; – – – (10-2) |
| 13a | kuc(e) pat nu wras· ; b5 metrakäṃ śpāl;meṃ käṣṣiṃ : |
| 13b | puk{a→ä}ṣ puk lo trikseñc ; avi – – ; – – – ; – – – r {:} |
| 13c | täm yas päklyoṣäs ; ṣotre pyāmtsāc ; ṣakk a(tse)k{†ä} (:) |
| 13d | – – – – – 2σ l· 1σ käṣlaṃ ; kāpñe p(y)āb6mtsāc ; kucyo ne ; metrak lkāl : 10-3 |
| 14a | kuce ne cem wrasañ ; śä – – – ; – – – (:) |
| 14b | pāsantär kāsu ; koluneyäṣ ; lotäṅke ; puk āñmaṣ (:) |
| 14c | – 1σ ·ku – 0σ (pā)santär ; ālu yśab7lm(sä)ṣ ; lotäṅke : |
| 14d | smale mā träṅki ; mā pe träṅki ; wiṣām tsär ; mā kä – (10-4) |
| 15a | – – – – maṃ ; ents arsantär ; ñi tākiṣ : |
| 15b | wikseñc māntlune ; keṃ-pälkäntwäṣ ; ṣñi pältsäk ; pāsantär {:} |
| 15c | mā |
Translation
| a1 | "In the 80 000-year life, in the excellent Jambudvīpa... by the good beings... in the enclosure of four jewels may I be born that time!" This utterance of his is certainly to be noticed. |
|---|---|
| a1+ | (May I manage to), like the city of Ketumatī and Sudarśanī, on a golden street, or on bejewelled streets... or to rejoice at the trees, or to bathe in the baths of four jewels, or outside the enclosure within eighteen streets, like Nandana, in gardens... four..., or to experience happiness in... adorned by... |
| a3+ | (this utterance) is certainly to be noticed. |
| a4 | May there be... to enjoy... seven... in the garden Supuṣpit like Miśrak... human... |
| a4+ | This utterance of his is also to be noticed. |
| a5 | Whose wish it is... |
| a5+ | ... that time... to drive away... |
| a6 | ... of him also... the utterance... hear... |
| a7 | ... may I evoke... Without good behavior, enlightenment... |
| a7+ | ... capable of doing good in every way... |
| b2 | ... try... Through which deed Maitreya... |
| b3 | ... or through which deed... Through which deed they are... that time... |
| b4 | Through which deed Maitreya... in the excellent law of the Buddha... |
| b4+ | Or (the fact) that beings miss the excellent teacher Maitreya, more than anything (?). |
| b5 | Hear you this, really take note of this! |
| b5+ | ... hold dear... through which Maitreya is visible... |
| b6 | (The fact) that the beings... guard the good from killing [and] all turn from the self... |
| b6+ | They guard... they torn from the desires of others... |
| b7 | They do not tell a lie, they also do not say anything rough or harsh... ... they evoke greed: "May it be mine!" They expell malice, they protect their own mind from false views. |
Other
| a3 | who intends to … (Peyrot 2013b: 650) |
|---|---|
| b5 | Das hört [und] merkt euch ganz gewiss! (Schmidt 1974: 431) |
| b7 | Sie vertreiben die böse Gesinnung [und] bewahren ihr Denken vor Irrlehren. (Schmidt 1974: 403) |
Commentary
Remarks
| Transcription and translation are based on Carling et al. 2009. | |
| Transcription and references have been transferred from the "Text and Reference Database of the Tocharian A Language" (Gerd Carling Lund University) (funded by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and SCAS). |
References
Online access
IDP: THT 860, THT 861; TITUS: THT 860, THT 861
Edition
Sieg and Siegling 1921: 113-114; Sieg and Siegling 1921 p. 113, p. 114
Translations
Carling 2000: a1 (308), a2 (96, 176), a3 (322), a4 (120), a5 a6 (403); Hackstein 1995: a2 (317f), b7 (134, 175); Knoll 1996: a1 (117, 118), a3 (43), b1 (41), b5 (141, 148); Kölver 1965: a2 (14), a3 (14); Peyrot 2013b: a3 (650); Schmidt 1974: b5 (431), b7 (403); Thomas 1954: a3 (745); Thomas 1997: b4 b5 (108)
Bibliography
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktion der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Carling, Gerd, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Werner Winter. 2009. A dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: Letters a-j. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Knoll, Gabriele. 1996. “Die Verwendungsweisen der Adjektive im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Kölver, Bernhard. 1965. “Der Gebrauch der sekundären Kasus im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste, I. Band. Die Texte. A. Transcription. Personal annotated copy of Wilhelm Siegling. Scanned by Douglas Q. Adams with the technical assistance of Michael Tarabulski and Kevin Dobbins. Berlin/Leipzig: de Gruyter.
Thomas, Werner. 1954. “Die Infinitive im Tocharischen.” In Asiatica. Festschrift Friedrich Weller. Zum 65. Geburtstag, gewidmet von seinen Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern, edited by Johannes Schubert and Ulrich Schneider, 701–64. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1997. Interpretationsprobleme im Tocharischen. Unflektiertes A puk, B po “ganz, all, jeder”. Vol. 3. SbWGF, XXXV. Stuttgart: Steiner.
Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
