kessa

Cite this page as:	"kessa". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_B_kessa (accessed 17 Nov. 2025).
Meaning:	“(act.) to quench, extinguish”; “(mid.) to come to extinction”
Word class:	verb
Language:	TB
Equivalent in TA:	käs-
Lexeme variants:	kessa
Person:	third
Number:	singular
Tense/Mood:	preterite
Root character:	non-a-character
Internal root vowel:	vowel-schwa
Stem:	preterite
Stem class:	3
Valency:	intransitive; transitive
Voice:	active

Paradigm

	sg.act	pl.act	du.act	sg.mid	pl.mid	du.mid
1
2	kesasta
3	kessa				kessante

Lexeme family

• käs-
  • käs- “(act.) to quench, extinguish” “(mid.) to come to extinction” gv
    • käs- “(act.) to quench, extinguish” “(mid.) to come to extinction” gv.prs2

      	sg.act	sg.mid	pl.mid
      3	keṣäṃ	keṣtär	kesentär

      • keṣäle “(act.) to quench, extinguish” “(mid.) to come to extinction” part.prs2

        	sg.m
        nom	keṣäle

      • kesemane “(act.) to quench, extinguish” “(mid.) to come to extinction” part.prs2

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	kesemane	kesemane	kesemane	kesemane
        acc	kesemane	kesemane	kesemane	kesemane

      • keṣeñca “quenching, extinguishing” ptcp.prs2

        	sg.m	sg.f
        nom	keṣeñca	keṣeñca
        acc	keṣṣeñcai	keṣṣeñcai

    • käs- “(act.) to quench, extinguish” “(mid.) to come to extinction” gv.subj3

      	sg.mid	pl.mid
      1	ksemar
      3		ksentär

      • kselle “(act.) to quench, extinguish” “(mid.) to come to extinction” part.subj3

        	sg.m
        nom	kselle

      • kselñe “extinction” abstr.subj3

        	sg
        nom	kselñe
        acc	kselñe
        loc	kselñene
        all	kselñeśc

        • kselläññeṣṣe “pertaining to extinction” subj3

          	sg.m
          nom	kselläññeṣṣe
          acc	kselläññeṣṣe

      • ksetsi “(act.) to quench, extinguish” “(mid.) to come to extinction” inf.n.subj3

        	sg
        nom	ksetsi
        acc	ksetsi

    • käs- “(act.) to quench, extinguish” “(mid.) to come to extinction” gv.pret3

      	sg.act	pl.mid
      2	kesasta
      3	kessa	kessante

      • kekesu “having become extinct” part.pret3

        	sg.m	pl.m
        nom	kekesoṣ, kekesu	kekesoṣ
        acc	kekesoṣ	kekesoṣ
        gen		kekesoṣäṃts

        • kekesor “becoming extinct” abstr.pret3

          	sg
          nom	kekesor
          acc	kekesor
          loc	kekesorne

    • käs- “(act.) to quench, extinguish” “(mid.) to come to extinction” gv.subj1
      • kastsi “(act.) to quench, extinguish” “(mid.) to come to extinction” inf.n.subj1

        	sg
        nom	kastsi
        acc	kastsi

  • käs- “to let come to extinction” kaus
    • käs- “to let come to extinction” kaus.prs9b

      	sg.act
      3	kasäṣṣäṃ