kārsaṃ

Cite this page as:	"kārsaṃ". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_B_kārsaṃ (accessed 08 Dec. 2025).
Meaning:	“to know, understand, recognize”
Word class:	verb
Language:	TB
Equivalent in TA:	kärsā-
Lexeme variants:	kārsaṃ; kārsan
Person:	third
Number:	singular
Tense/Mood:	subjunctive
Root character:	a-character
Internal root vowel:	vowel-schwa
Stem:	subjunctive
Stem class:	5
Valency:	transitive
Voice:	active

Paradigm

	sg.act	pl.act	du.act	sg.mid	pl.mid	du.mid
1	karsoym, kārsau, kārsau-ne
2	kārsāt
3	karsoy, kārsaṃ	karsoyeṃ		kärsoytär, karsatär

Lexeme family

• kärsā-
  • kärsā- “to know, understand, recognize” gv
    • kärsā- “to know, understand, recognize” gv.prs6

      	sg.act	pl.act	sg.mid	pl.mid
      1	kärsänau	kärsanam
      2	kärsanat
      3	kärsanaṃ	kärsanoyeṃ	kärsanatär	kärsanantär

      • kärsanalle “knowing, understanding” part.prs6

        	sg.m	sg.f
        nom	kärsanalle	kärsanalya

    • kärsā- “to know, understand, recognize” gv.subj5

      	sg.act	pl.act	sg.mid
      1	karsoym, kārsau, kārsau-ne
      2	kārsāt
      3	karsoy, kārsaṃ	karsoyeṃ	kärsoytär, karsatär

      • karsatsi “to know, understand, recognize” inf.n.subj5

        	sg
        nom	karsatsi
        acc	karsatsi
        all	karsatsiśc

      • karsalñe “to know, understand, recognize” abstr.n.subj5

        	sg
        nom	karsalñe
        acc	karsalñe
        perl	karsalñesa

    • kärsā- “to know, understand, recognize” gv.pret1

      	sg.act	pl.act	sg.mid	pl.mid
      1	śärsāwa, śärsāwa-ne
      2	śärsāsta
      3	śarsa, śärsā-ñ, śirsā-me	śärsāre	kärsāte-ne	kärsānte

      • kärsau “having understood, known” part.pret1

        	sg.m	pl.m
        nom	kärsoṣ, kärsau	kärsoṣ
        acc	kärsoṣ	kärsoṣ

        • kärsor “understanding” abstr.pret1

          	sg
          nom	kärsor
          acc	kärsor
          abl	kärsormeṃ

    • kärsā- “to know, understand, recognize” gv.imp1

      	sg.act	pl.act
      2	pkārsa, pkārsa-ñ	pkarsas

  • kärs- “to make know(n), make recognize, announce” kaus
    • kärs- “to make know(n), make recognize, announce” kaus.prs9b

      	sg.act	pl.act
      1	śarsäskau
      2		śarsäṣṣicer
      3	śarsäṣṣäṃ-ne	śarsäskeṃ-ne

      • śarsaṣṣäle “to make know(n), make recognize, announce” part.prs9b

        	sg.m
        nom	śarsaṣṣäle

    • kärs- “to make know(n), make recognize, announce” kaus.subj9b

      	sg.act
      3	śarsäṣṣi

    • kärs- “to make know(n), make recognize, announce” kaus.pret2

      	sg.act	pl.act
      2	śārsasta-ne
      3	śārsa, śārsa-me	śārsare-ne

    • kärs- “to make know(n), make recognize, announce” kaus.imp1

      	sg.mid
      2	karsar, karsar-me

Occurrences

kārsan

1

THT 141 b4

wa /// b4 ///

kārsan

ra kca /// b5

kārsaṃ

1	PK NS 158 b4	/// b4 lykaśke po	kārsaṃ	ci śa ///
2	THT 328 a2	a2 /// ntse ñātse	kārsaṃ	co /// a3 ///
3	THT 341 a6	– weñā empreṃntsā läkle	kārsaṃ	śaumo – /// a7
4	THT 423 b5	b5 /// mṣ· •	kārsaṃ	cimpamñe /// b6 ///
5	THT 541 b2	inte • avaiti •	kārsa(ṃ)	• dṛṣṭadharmasukha /// b3
6	THT 597 a5	pontäṃ krentä(ṃne) (60-7) (kus)e	(k)ārsaṃ	pe;le yäkne ;
7	THT 1405.a a3	– – – wai lakṣa mā	kārsaṃ	: ly·i – – ///