ritwṣā

Cite this page as:	"ritwṣā". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_A_ritwṣā (accessed 14 Mar. 2026).
Meaning:	“to connect, translate”; “to create” Carling and Pinault 2023: “(caus.) connect, compose, create”
Word class:	verb
Language:	TA
Equivalent in TB:	ritt-
Lexeme variants:	ritwṣā
Person:	first
Number:	singular
Tense/Mood:	imperfect
Root character:	alt-a-character
Internal root vowel:	vowel-schwa
Stem:	present
Stem class:	8
Valency:	transitive
Voice:	active

Paradigm

	sg.act	pl.act	du.act	sg.mid	pl.mid	du.mid
1	ritwṣā
2
3	ritwäṣ	ritwseñc

Lexeme family

• ritwā-
  • ritw- “(caus.) connect, compose, create” “to connect, translate” “to create” kaus
    • ritw- “(caus.) connect, compose, create” “to connect, translate” “to create” kaus.prs8

      	sg.act	pl.act
      1	ritwṣā
      3	ritwäṣ	ritwseñc

      • ritwṣäl “(caus.) connect, compose, create” “to connect, translate” “to create” part.prs8

        	sg.m	sg.f
        nom	ritwṣäl	ritwäṣlyi

      • ritwṣant “connecting, translating” “creating” ptcp.prs8

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	ritwṣant	ritwṣant	ritwṣantāñ	ritwṣantāñ

      • ritwässi “(caus.) connect, compose, create” “to connect, translate” “to create” inf.n.prs8

        	sg
        nom	ritwässi
        acc	ritwässi

    • ritw- “(caus.) connect, compose, create” “to connect, translate” “to create” kaus.pret2

      	sg.act
      1	raritwā
      3	raritu, rarittwā-ṃ

      • raritwu “(caus.) connect, compose, create” “to connect, translate” “to create” part.pret2

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	raritwu, raritwunt	raritwunt	raritwuṣ, raritwunt	raritwunt
        acc	raritwunt	raritwunt	raritwunt	raritwunt

        • raritwur “(caus.) connect, compose, create” “to connect, translate” “to create” abstr.pret2

          	sg
          abl	raritwuräṣ

    • ritw- “(caus.) connect, compose, create” “to connect, translate” “to create” kaus.subj9
      • ritwāṣäl “(caus.) connect, compose, create” “to connect, translate” “to create” part.subj9

        	sg.m
        nom	ritwāṣäl

      • ritwāṣlune “connection, intention, purpose, conceptualization” abstr.n.subj9

        	sg
        nom	ritwāṣlune
        acc	ritwāṣlune
        inst	ritwāṣluneyo
        perl	ritwāṣluneyā

  • ritwā- “(itr.) be attached, linked to, persist” “(itr.) be suitable for” gv
    • retwe “combination, juncture, attachment” n

      	sg	pl
      nom	retwe	retweyäntu
      acc	retwe	retweyäntu
      loc	retweyaṃ
      inst	retweyo

      • retweṣi “pertaining to world-age”

        	sg.m
        nom	retweṣi
        acc	retweṣi

    • ritwā- “(itr.) be attached, linked to, persist” “(itr.) be suitable for” gv.prs3

      	sg.mid	pl.mid
      3	ritwatär	ritwantär

      • ritwant “persisting, being attached, linked to” ptcp.prs3

        	sg.m	sg.f
        nom	ritwant	ritwant
        gen	ritwantāp	ritwantāp

    • ritwā- “(itr.) be attached, linked to, persist” “(itr.) be suitable for” gv.subj5

      	pl.act
      3	ritweñc

      • ritwālune “(itr.) be attached, linked to, persist” “(itr.) be suitable for” abstr.n.subj5

        	sg
        nom	ritwālune
        acc	ritwālune
        perl	ritwāluneyā

      • ritwāl “(itr.) be attached, linked to, persist” “(itr.) be suitable for” part.subj5

        	sg.m
        nom	ritwāl

    • ritwā- “(itr.) be attached, linked to, persist” “(itr.) be suitable for” gv.pret1

      	sg.act
      3	ritu

      • ritwo “(itr.) be attached, linked to, persist” “(itr.) be suitable for” part.pret1

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	ritwo, ritwont	ritwont	ritwoṣ, ritwont	ritwont
        acc	ritwont	ritwosāṃ, ritwont	ritwont	ritwont

    • ritwā- “(itr.) be attached, linked to, persist” “(itr.) be suitable for” gv.imp1

      	pl.act
      2	pritwäs

Bibliography

Carling and Pinault 2023

Carling, Gerd, and Georges-Jean Pinault. 2023. Dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.