ppāṣār

Cite this page as:	"ppāṣār". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?F_A_ppāṣār (accessed 19 Nov. 2025).
Meaning:	Carling and Pinault 2023: “protect, observe, beware of”
Word class:	verb
Language:	TA
Equivalent in TB:	pāsk-
Lexeme variants:	ppāṣār
Person:	second
Number:	singular
Tense/Mood:	imperative
Root character:	non-a-character
Internal root vowel:	vowel-full
Stem:	imperative
Stem class:	1
Valency:	transitive
Voice:	middle

Paradigm

	sg.act	pl.act	du.act	sg.mid	pl.mid	du.mid
1
2				ppāṣār	ppāṣāc
3

Lexeme family

• pās-
  • pās- “protect, observe, beware of” gv
    • pās- “protect, observe, beware of” gv.prs/subj2

      	sg.mid	pl.mid
      1	pāsmār, pāsmār-ci
      2	pāṣtār
      3	pāṣītär, pāṣtär	pāsantr-äṃ, pāsantär

      • pāssi “protect, observe, beware of” inf.n.prs/subj2

        	sg
        nom	pāssi
        acc	pāssi

      • pāṣäl “protect, observe, beware of” part.prs/subj2

        	sg.m	pl.m
        nom	pāṣäl	pāṣlye
        acc	pāṣläṃ

      • pāsmāṃ “being protected” part.prs/subj2

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	pāsmāṃ	pāsmāṃ	pāsmāṃ	pāsmāṃ
        acc	pāsmāṃ	pāsmāṃ	pāsmāṃ	pāsmāṃ

      • pāṣant “protecting” “obeying rules” “being beware of” ptcp.prs/subj2

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	pāṣant	pāṣant	pāṣäntāñ	pāṣäntāñ
        acc			pāṣäntās	pāṣäntās

      • pāṣlune “protect, observe, beware of” abstr.n.prs/subj2

        	sg	pl
        nom	pāṣlune
        acc	pāṣlune	pāṣluneytu
        all	pāṣluneyac

        • pāṣluneyum “provided with guarding, watchful” prs/subj2

          	sg.m
          nom	pāṣluneyum

        • pāṣluneṣi “of protection” prs/subj2

          	pl.f
          acc	pāṣluneṣinās

    • pās- “protect, observe, beware of” gv.pret1

      	sg.mid
      2	pāṣāte
      3	pāṣāt

      • pāpṣu “protect, observe, beware of” part.pret1

        	sg.m	sg.f	pl.m	pl.f
        nom	pāpṣu, pāpṣunt	pāpṣunt	pāpṣuṣ, pāpṣunt	pāpṣunt
        acc	pāpṣunt	pāpṣunt	pāpṣunt	pāpṣunt
        gen			pāpṣuñcäśśi
        loc			pāpṣuñcsaṃ

    • pās- “protect, observe, beware of” gv.imp1

      	sg.mid	pl.mid
      2	ppāṣār	ppāṣāc

Occurrences

ppāṣār

1	A 256 a4	; mar katkat :	ppāṣār	pāpṣune ; paṣṣ el
2	A 301 b8	tu ; el paṣ	p{ṣ→p}āṣār	; pāpṣune : päkropā(r)
3	PK NS 1 a4	; ynea4ś śorki ;	ppāṣār	āñcäm ; ñātse yäṣ

Bibliography

Carling and Pinault 2023

Carling, Gerd, and Georges-Jean Pinault. 2023. Dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.