CEToM | THT 25
| Known as: | THT 25; B 25 |
|---|---|
| Cite this page as: | Hannes A. Fellner. "THT 25". In A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). Created and maintained by Melanie Malzahn, Martin Braun, Hannes A. Fellner, and Bernhard Koller. https://cetom.univie.ac.at/?m-tht25&outputformat=print (accessed 16 Jan. 2026). |
Edition | |
| Editor: | Hannes A. Fellner |
Provenience | |
| Main find spot: | Shorchuk |
| Expedition code: | T III Š 92.53+Frgm |
| Collection: | Berlin Turfan Collection |
Language and Script | |
| Language: | TB |
| Linguistic stage: | classical |
| Script: | classical |
Text contents | |
| Title of the work: | Udānālaṅkāra |
| Passage: | Book 10 (Śraddhāvarga), strophes 58-66. |
| Text genre: | Literary |
| Text subgenre: | Doctrine |
| Verse/Prose: | verse |
| Meter: | 544 (4x), 44445 (1x) |
Object | |
| Manuscript: | Udānālaṅkāra B |
| Material: | ink on paper |
| Form: | Poṭhī |
| Number of lines: | 8 |
| a1 | /// wa 50 7 ā tp· t[e] lyā ma a rha nte /// /// ¯m o skai ā kṣa śno¯ ¯yä sa swa ntso po – – – – – – [ka] ccā re śa no mpo staṃ /// |
|---|---|
| a2 | /// : ṣe sa sa swa mpa cau¯ ¯k cme lne sū [b]r· /// /// [a] ke¯ ¯k po staṃ sru ka o tra [sa] – – – – – rsa ta llā¯ ¯u 50 8 nrai ne te [m]· /// |
| a3 | /// mpe lo na la kle nta : ñu mka ṣe [s]o lme ka lpa /// /// [r]·[e] [:] mā cwi yā ma rntse o ko ā – – – – – – [sa] pre tsṃ ne yśā mna /// |
| a4 | [ka] llo yeṃ : ne mce¯ ¯k po s[taṃ] /// /// ye nta¯ ¯r ma tsts[o] r[s]o – – – – – ke ṣpo s[ta] ñ·e /// |
| a5 | /// [w]ä rpā nte : a rā me yā /// /// te mtsa te śa – – – – – ly[i] p : sā u [po] /// |
| a6 | /// ntse pa rma ṅkṣai ne : yā mṣa tai śai tā¯ ¯u ta llo ntsai ta ṅ·· /// /// [tr]· ka mā te ma sa tā wä¯ ¯ś śmā ne ne pre : pa lska sā¯ ¯u [k]ly[i] /// |
| a7 | /// ya ma ṣle ñi ce pre ke : ta mto¯ ¯t śwā tsi sta¯ ¯rñä kauṃ [ś]· /// /// c[e] sa śā yau ñi¯ ¯ś ye kte pe rne : mā nwa yu ne ma kte yaṃ /// |
| a8 | /// ai kre wro tse rṣā ke pa l·· ··[o] ntsa te 60-1 ·[ai] [nm]e /// /// kā ne śau lñi l[ā] re pa stri na ṣle : ta¯ ¯m pa rma¯ – |
| b1 | /// mpa ṣpā yu ā yo¯ ¯r cwi [m]ñk[e] : sasu śka¯ ¯ñä ·[ru] kā r[e] /// /// [ts]ts· rsa k[e] – – – [ā] yu ā yo¯ ¯r – – – [ś]ya /// |
| b2 | /// sa pi ntwā¯ ¯t cwi wñā ne¯ ¯ś ma hā kā śya pe : pr[ī] ta¯ ¯r /// /// ne¯ ¯ś klī ye sā¯ ¯u – – – [p]· [tso] [pu] [dñä] /// |
| b3 | /// yā mṣa ya rke ta ka rṣkñe sa : cwi mā tā ka ce¯ ¯k cme /// /// pi ntwā¯ ¯t wñā ne – kā śya pe [w]· [t]· tr· t· sa kwri /// |
| b4 | /// [k]· lko ce cme l[ṣ]o ko sā [u] /// /// śi e [n]te kau nt[s]a – – – – s[no] y·au sa ṣe yo /// |
| b5 | /// [ma] ntse ski yo sā u /// /// a nai śai 60 [4] kus· – – – [ka] nma ru pa [ṣ]ṣa na /// |
| b6 | /// [ṣ]me ñca ntse śa na ṣai tswai ññe ka sru k(·) sa [:] s[ū] l[y]· /// /// ¯[s̝]p [śa] no tā¯ ¯u [y]· ·[ṣ]· te : au – – – – – – [e] ka lymi ya ma ṣa : [t]· /// |
| b7 | /// s[ta] ntse ce¯ ¯k cme lno ko ā yo rntse sā¯ ¯u /// /// pl[ā]¯ ¯cä klyau ṣā re b· ·ā [ṇa] sri [ṣṣi] – – – – – au ntsa nte weṃ tsye ṅk[au] ca¯ ¯r toṃ re /// |
| b8 | /// yo¯ ¯r – [l]·[e] ·e saṃ ā yo rntse o /// /// n[ai] pu dñä kte ntse cai a k[ṣ]ā [r]e [:] – [ñ]e ntai – – – – – – ślo kce we rtsi yai ne /// |
| 57e | 20σ /// wa 50-7 |
|---|---|
| Xx | ā{ṃ}tp(i) te lyāma ; arhante /// /// m oskai ākṣa śnoy säswantso po – – – (:) |
| Xx | – – kaccāre ; śan= ompostäṃ /// a2n5 /// : |
| 58e | ṣesa säswampa ; cau-k cmelne sū ; br(āhmaṇe) /// /// ake-k postäṃ sruka ot ra sä – – – – – rsa tallāu 50-8 |
| Xx | nraine tem(tsate) ; /// a3n6 /// ; (lyāk=) (e)mpelo;na läklenta : |
| Xx | ñumka ṣe solme kalpa(nma) /// /// r·e : |
| Xx | mā cwi yāmarntse ; oko ā – – – – (:) |
| Xx | (lwā)sa pretsṃne yśāmna /// a4n7 källoyeṃ : |
| 59e | nemcek postäṃ /// /// yentär ; mätstsors= o(mpostäṃ) (50-9) |
| Xx | (ña)ke ṣ postäñ(ñ)e ; /// a5/// wärpānte : |
| Xx | arā-me yā(mor) ; /// /// temtsate śa – – – – – lyip : |
| Xx | sāu po /// a6n8 /// ntse pärmaṅk ṣai-ne : |
| Xx | yāmṣat= aiśai tāu ; tallontsai täṅ ·· /// /// tr· kamāte ; masa tāwäś ; śmān= enepre : |
| Xx | palska sāu klyi(ye) ; /// a7n9 (kuse) /// yamaṣle ; ñi ce preke : |
| Xx | tam tot śwātsi star-ñ ; kauṃ ś· /// /// ; cesa śāyau ; ñiś yekte perne : |
| 61e | mā nw ayu-ne mäkte yaṃ /// a8n10 /// aikre ; wrotse rṣāke ; pal(skatsy) ontsate 60-1 |
| Xx | ·ainme /// /// kāne ; śaul ñi lāre ; päst rinaṣle : |
| Xx | tam pärma(ṅk) b1n11 /// ; (ta)mpa ṣp āyu ; āyor cwim ñke : |
| 62e | säsuśkañ (s)rukāre ; /// /// (mä)tsts(o)rsa ; ke – – – ; āyu āyor ; (mahākā)śya(pi) (60-2) |
| Xx | /// b2n12 /// (wa)sa pintwāt ; cwi wñā-neś ma;hākāśyape : |
| Xx | prītar /// /// neś klīye sāu – – – p(e)tso pudñä(ktentse) /// b3n13 /// ; yāmṣa yarke takarṣkñesa : |
| 63e | cwi mā tāka ce-k ; cme(lne) /// /// pintwāt {63} |
| 64e | wñā-ne(ś) kāśyape ; w(a)t(e) tr(i)t(e);sa kwri /// b4n14 /// (a)k(ā)lko ce cmelṣ= oko sāu /// /// śi ente kauntsa – – – – sno y·ausa ṣeyo /// b5n15 /// (stā)mantse skiyo sāu /// /// anaiśai 60-4 |
| Xx | kus(e) – – – kanma rupaṣṣana /// b6n16 /// (osta)-ṣmeñcantse śana ṣai tswaiññe ka sruk(au)sa : |
| Xx | sū ly· /// /// ṣp śano tāu y(ām)ṣ(a)te : |
| Xx | au – – – – – – ekalymi yamaṣa : |
| 65e | t· /// b7n17 /// stantse ce-k cmeln= oko āyorntse sāu /// /// (60-5) |
| Xx | (tāu) plāc klyauṣāre ; b(ār)āṇas ri;ṣṣi – – – – – auntsante weṃtsy eṅkaucar toṃ re(kauna) /// b8/// (ā)yor (ai)l(ñ)e (n)esäṃ āyorntse o(ko) /// /// nai ; pudñäktentse ; cai akṣāre : |
| * | (tw) (au)ñentai – – – – – – ślok ce wertsiyaine /// |
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| a1 | ... [57e] These two the Arhat seated (on his knees, then led those) home and reported the whole (matter?) concerning the sons to the woman. (The sons) were pleased. The woman |
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| a2 | [however] (died of starvation) after that together with the sons. In this birth already the Brahman .... Eventually he died then as well, distressed (by the starving) of [his] sons. [58e] In hell he was [re]born (and |
| a3 | saw) terrible sufferings. All in all [for] ninety-one Kalpas ... The fruit of this deed should not end (in all births). Among the animals, among the hungry ghosts, among humans (and among the gods) they might |
| a4 | achieve (birth), [but] surely afterwards ... they should (die) of starvation. [59e] And even now ... they |
| a5 | felt. The deed did (not?) stop for them ... (Among humans) the woman was [re]born, (again) [being] very (poor). [But] on the (Omniscient, the Buddha) was her |
| a6 | hope [set]. At that time caring for the miserable with a loving (heart) was (Mahākāśyapa) [60e] He took [his] (alms bowl), went to her [and] came before her. The woman thought: (What) is |
| a7 | to be done by me at this time? This is so much food for me (to live) [for] a day. ... off this (food) I live in [my] low status. But what, if to him I do not give? |
| a8 | Shall the great sage go (off) empty [handed]? [Thus] she began to ponder. [61e] .... (All doubt) faded [in] her: my dear life is to be given up [by me]. That (is my) hope ... |
| b1 | ... and that I will now give to that one as a gift. [My] little sons died ... of starvation; to the good(?) (Mahākā)śya(pa) I will give (this) as a gift. [62e] |
| b2 | ... She gave the alms to him [and] Mahākāśyapa spoke to her: Cherish (a wish) ... To him the woman spoke: Give (to me) the Buddha (to see). (To see the Buddha) |
| b3 | ... she did him reverence in [her] belief. Not yet (in) this birth was hers (the fruit, [but] also in the other [birth], among the gods, she gave) alms (to the Kāśyapa). [63e] To her spoke Kāśyapa a second and a third time: When .... |
| b4 | the wish as a fruit of this birth she ... when by the sun .... as often, however, as she had been careless ... |
| b5 | her (like?) the shadow of a tree ... carefully. [64e] Which one .... the flaws of the shape ... |
| b6 | The wife of a (house) keeper had just died. He saw ... this one he made his wife ... (she?) did [his] bidding ... |
| b7 | (suffering(?)) of hunger, [already] in this birth, as a fruit of the gift, she ... [65e] (Such a) conversation (of the monks) The inhabitants of the town of Benares heard. (Therefore) they began openly to speak such words: (Why) the |
| b8 | giving of gifts? Is there (here) a fruit of the gift? (In the community assembly) they presented [it] to the Buddha. (Referring to it, the Omniscient), the Buddha, spoke these strophe before the assembly ... [66e] |
| a4 | [aber] bestimmt hinterher ... dürften sie danach (sterben) durch Verhungern (Schmidt 1974: 46) |
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| a6 | Es nahm sich (Mahākāśyapa) der Elenden (mit) lie(bendem Herzen) an. (Schmidt 1974: 465) |
| a7+ | But if I don't give him [alms], how should the great wise go away empty [-handed]? (cf : ii, 42) (Peyrot 2013b: 668) |
| b1 | [meine] Söhnchen starben ... durch Verhungern (Schmidt 1974: 46) |
| b6 | ... und ... machte sie zu seiner Frau. (Schmidt 1974: 429) |
| Includes strophes 58-66 of the Śraddhāvarga (X) in a 4x13+21 syllable-metre (rhythm = 5/8 and 8/8/5). The many gaps render a translation that is based on supplementation to a large extent extremely problematic, particularly in places where there are no parallels. To clarify the situation in a5ff, however, one may refer to the tale of Mahākāśyapa and the goddess, which is transmitted in the commentary to Dhp 118; cf. Burlingame 1921, II: 265ff.: a pious woman gave alms of rice to the Mahākāśyapa, but that same day was bitten by a venomous snake and died. As a reward for her meritorious deed she is immediately reborn as a goddess, and even as a goddess continues her meritorious work by caring for Mahākāśyapa. But when the latter realises that he is being taken attended to by a goddess, he prohibits her from doing so a second and a third time. The goddess refuses to be sent away. But the Buddha, who is staying in Jetavana, appears before the goddess and explains to her that Mahākāśyapa was only doing what is right by refusing her service. While the narrative frame in our text is different, the goddess’ continuous attendance to Mahākāśyapa appears to be a central feature of the tale here too, even though the text is very much fragmented and obscure, especially in lines b4-b5. | |
| n2 | According to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 57 fn. 22 the reading te should be corrected to tai in the transcription. |
| n3 | According to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 58 fn. 5 the reading yāmarntse should be corrected to yāmorntse in the transcription. |
| n4 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 57 fn. 21. |
| n5 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 58 fn. 2. |
| n6 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 58 fn. 4. |
| n7 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 58 fn. 8. |
| n8 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 58 fn. 15. |
| n9 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 58 fn. 16. |
| n10 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 58 fn. 20. |
| n11 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 58 fn. 23 and 25. |
| n12 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 58 fn. 27 and 29. |
| n13 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 59 fn. 4. |
| n14 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 59 fn. 6. |
| n15 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 59 fn. 10. |
| n16 | Emendations according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 59 fn. 13 and 15. |
| n17 | Emendation according to Sieg and Siegling 1983: 59 fn. 19. |
| The original manuscript is missing, but consisted of a part of the left side (the beginning - about 1-3 syllables - being lost) as well as a remnant of the right side, in turn composed of five smaller fragments, and still very incomplete. The right margin was also missing. |
| n1 | ātpi for mistaken āṃtpi. |
|---|
Sieg and Siegling 1949: I, 42-44; Sieg and Siegling 1983: 57-59 notes 186-188
Carling 2000: a1 (151), a2 (142, 330), a6 (357), b6 (405); Hackstein 1995: b1 b2 (252); Krause 1952: a6 (206), a7 (204), a7 (62); Meunier 2013: a6 (147); Peyrot 2013b: a7 a8 (668); Schmidt 1974: a4 (46 n.1), a4 (46), a6 (465), b1 (46 n.1), b1 (46), b6 (429); Sieg and Siegling 1949: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 (II, 41-43); Sieg and Siegling 1983: a5 (187), a7 (187), b3 (188), b8 (188); Thomas 1952: a8 (22); Thomas 1954: b7 (718); Thomas 1957: a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 b1 b2 b3 (117), b3 (193), b6 (298); Thomas 1960a: a2 (199), a4 (199), b1 (199); Thomas 1979b: b1 (58); Thomas 1983: a1 (10); Thomas 1997: a5 (98)
Burlingame, Eugene W. 1921. Buddhist legends. Translated from the original Pali text of the Dhammapada commentary. Vol. I: Introduction; Synopses; Translation of Books 1 and 2; Vol. II: Translation of Books 3 to 12; Vol. III: Translation of Books 13 to 26. The Harvard Oriental Studies 28-30. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Carling, Gerd. 2000. Die Funktionen der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Hackstein, Olav. 1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. HS Erg.-Heft 38. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
“The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online.” n.d. http://idp.bl.uk.
Krause, Wolfgang. 1952. Westtocharische Grammatik, Band I. Das Verbum. Heidelberg: Winter.
Meunier, Fanny. 2013. “Typologie des locutions en yām- du tokharien.” Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 14: 123–85.
Peyrot, Michaël. 2013b. The Tocharian subjunctive. A study in syntax and verbal stem formation. Vol. 8. Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Schmidt, Klaus T. 1974. “Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen.” PhD, Universität Göttingen.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1949. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B, Heft 1. Die Udānālaṅkāra-Fragmente. Text, Übersetzung und Glossar. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Sieg, Emil, and Wilhelm Siegling. 1983. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache B. Teil I: Die Texte. Band 1. Fragmente Nr. 1-116 der Berliner Sammlung. Edited by Werner Thomas. Neubearbeitet und mit einem Kommentar nebst Register versehen v. Werner Thomas. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Thomas, Werner. 1952. Die tocharischen Verbaladjektive auf -l. Deutsche Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Institut für Orientforschung 9. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
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Thomas, Werner. 1957. Der Gebrauch der Vergangenheitstempora im Tocharischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Thomas, Werner. 1960a. “Zur Verwendung des tocharischen Verbalsubstantivs auf -r im Perlativ.” In Indogermanica. Festschrift für Wolfgang Krause zum 65. Geburtstage am 18. September 1960, 194–203.
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Thomas, Werner. 1983. Der tocharische Obliquus im Sinne eines Akkusativs der Richtung. Abhandlungen d. Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 6. Mainz: Verlag d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften und d. Literatur.
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Gippert, Jost, Katharina Kupfer, Christiane Schaefer, and Tatsushi Tamai. n.d. “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS): Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection.” http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/thtframe.htm.
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